Physics

1. Kodi mphamvu yokoka imathamanga bwanji pamwamba pa Mwezi? Kulemera kwa Mwezi = 7.35 x 10 ²² kg, utali wa Mwezi ndi 1.7 x 10 ⁶ m, nthawi zonse ndi 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Anakonza

Fomula ya lamulo lachiwiri la Newton la kuyenda :

Fomula ya lamulo la Newton la mphamvu yokoka ya chilengedwe chonse :

G = chosasinthika cha chilengedwe chonse, M = kulemera kwa dziko lapansi, m = kulemera kwa chinthu, r = mtunda pakati pa pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi chinthucho. Ngati chinthucho chili pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, r = utali wa dziko lapansi

M'malo mwa F mu equation 1 ndi F mu equation 2:

Kodi mphamvu yokoka pamwamba pa Mwezi imathamanga bwanji?

[irp]

2. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi ndi g. Pa R (R ndi pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi), kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi…

Anakonza

R = Utali wa dziko lapansi. Pa R pamwamba pa dziko lapansi = pa 2R pamwamba pa pakati pa dziko lapansi.

Pa R pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka = ¼ g. Ngati g = 9.8 m/s ² , pa R pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka = 2.45 m/s ².

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1. Lamulo la Newton la mavuto a mphamvu yokoka padziko lonse lapansi ndi mayankho ake
2. Mphamvu yokoka, mavuto olemera, ndi mayankho
3. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mphamvu yokoka
4. Mavuto ndi mayankho a satellite ya geosynchronous
5. Mavuto ndi mayankho a malamulo a Kepler

Werengani zambiri

5 Mphamvu yokoka Kulemera - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

1. Kodi mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chili pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi ndi chiyani ? Kulemera kwa Dziko Lapansi = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, kulemera kwa chinthucho = 1000 kg, utali wozungulira Dziko Lapansi ndi 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa dziko lapansi (m _E ) = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg

Kulemera kwa chinthu (m _o ) = 1000 kg

Utali wozungulira wa Dziko Lapansi (r _E ) = 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m

Chosasintha cha Universal (G) = 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 9.8 m/s ²

Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya Mphamvu Yokoka

Yankho:

w = kulemera, F = mphamvu, G = chosasintha cha chilengedwe chonse, m _E = kulemera kwa Dziko lapansi , m _o = kulemera kwa chinthu , r = mtunda pakati pa pakati pa Dziko lapansi ndi chinthucho.

Chinthucho chili pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, kotero r = t the radius ya Dziko Lapansi

Kulemera kwa chinthu ( lamulo lachiwiri la Newton la kuyenda ):

w = mg

w = (1000 kg)(9.8 m/s ² )

w = 9800 N

[irp]

2. Kodi mphamvu yokoka yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chili pamtunda wa mamita 10,000 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndi yotani? Kulemera kwa dziko lapansi = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, kulemera kwa chinthucho = 1000 kg, utali wozungulira wa dziko lapansi ndi 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Yankho:

3. Kulemera kwa chombo chamlengalenga ndi w. Ngati D = kukula kwa dziko lapansi, dziwani kulemera kwa chombocho pamene chombocho chili pa 2D pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.

Zodziwika:

D = M'mimba mwake mwa dziko lapansi,

R = utali wa dziko lapansi

1 D = 2 R, 2 D = 4 R

Kufunidwa: kulemera kwa chombo chamlengalenga pa 2D pamwamba pa dziko lapansi?

Yankho:

[irp]

4. Chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa dziko lapansi A ndi dziko lapansi B ndi 2:3, pomwe chiŵerengero cha radius ya dziko lapansi A ndi dziko lapansi B ndi 1:2. Ngati kulemera kwa chinthu chomwe chili pa dziko lapansi A ndi w, kodi kulemera kwa chinthu chomwe chili pa dziko lapansi B ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa dziko lapansi A (m _A ) = 2

Kulemera kwa dziko lapansi B (m _B ) = 3

Ulalo wa dziko lapansi A (r _A ) = 1

Ulalo wa dziko lapansi B (r _B ) = 2

Unyinji wa chinthu = m

Kulemera kwa chinthu pa dziko lapansi A = w

Kufunidwa: Kulemera kwa chinthucho pa dziko lapansi B

Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa mphamvu ya kulemera kuchokera ku lamulo la Newton la mphamvu yokoka:

w = kulemera, G = mphamvu yokoka, M = kulemera kwa dziko lapansi, m = kulemera kwa chinthu, r = mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi dziko lapansi. Ngati chinthu chomwe chili pa dziko lapansi chili pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, r = utali wa dziko lapansi.

Kulemera kwa chinthucho pa dziko lapansi A:

Kulemera kwa chinthucho pa dziko lapansi B:

Kulemera kwa chinthucho ndi komweko kotero kuti m m ndi w/2G.

[irp]

5. Roketi yokhala ndi kulemera kwa w imaponyedwa molunjika kuchokera pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi. D ndi m'mimba mwake wa Dziko Lapansi. Roketi ikafika pamtunda wa 0.5 D pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, ndiye kulemera kwa roketiyo ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa roketi = w

Utali wa dziko lapansi = mtunda kuchokera pakati pa dziko lapansi = R

Chidutswa cha Dziko Lapansi = D = 2R

Kufunidwa: Kulemera kwa roketi pamene roketi ili pamtunda wa 0.5 D pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.

Yankho:

0.5 D = 0.5 (2R) = R

Mtunda wa roketi kuchokera pakati pa Dziko lapansi = utali wa dziko lapansi + utali wa roketi kuchokera pamwamba pa Dziko lapansi = R + R = 2R

Kulemera ndi mphamvu yokoka yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu. Mphamvu yokoka (F) imafanana mosiyanasiyana ndi sikweya ya mtunda kuchokera pakati pa dziko lapansi (R) kotero kuti kulemerako kumafanana mosiyanasiyana ndi sikweya ya mtunda.

1. Lamulo la Newton la mavuto a mphamvu yokoka padziko lonse lapansi ndi mayankho ake
2. Mphamvu yokoka, mavuto olemera, ndi mayankho
3. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mphamvu yokoka
4. Mavuto ndi mayankho a satellite ya geosynchronous
5. Mavuto ndi mayankho a malamulo a Kepler

Werengani zambiri

1. Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 400 cm ndipo utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 20 cm. Ngati diso lapumula , dziwani izi:

a) Kukula konse kwa telesikopu (M)

b) mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika ( d _ob '),

c) _mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi ya maso ( doc ₎

d) mtunda pakati pa magalasi

Zodziwika:

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) = 400 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso ( _{foc )} = 20 cm

Diso limamasuka kotero kuti chithunzi chenicheni chomwe chimapangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika chikhale pamalo olunjika a lenzi yolunjika komanso pamalo oyamba a lenzi yolunjika ya maso.

Yankho:

a) Kukula konse (M)

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

M = 400 cm / 20 cm = 20 X

Chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti komanso chosinthidwa.

b) Mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika ( d _ob ')

Ngati diso lili lomasuka, mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika ( d _ob ') = kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika ( f _ob ) = 400 cm = 4 m.

c) Mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni kuchokera ku lenzi ya _maso ( doc ₎

Ngati diso lili lomasuka, mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni ndi lenzi ya maso (s _{o c} ) = kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _oc ) = 20 cm = 0.2 m.

d) Mtunda pakati pa magalasi

Mtunda pakati pa magalasi = kutalika kwa telesikopu (l) = kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) + kutalika kwa lenzi yoyang'ana maso (f _oc ) = 400 cm + 20 cm = 420 cm.

[irp]

2. Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yowonera ndi 20 cm . Kukula konse kwa telesikopu pamene diso lapumula ndi 40X. Werengani kutalika kwa lenzi yowonera (fo _{c )} ndi kutalika kwa lenzi yowonera (f _ob )

Zodziwika:

kutalika kwa telesikopu (l) = 20 cm

kukula konse kwa telesikopu (M) = 40

Yankho:

Ngati diso lapumula, kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _oc ) + kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) = kutalika kwa telesikopu (l)

fo _{o c} + f _ob = l

f _ob = l – _{fo c}

f _ob = 20 – fo _{c —–} > equation 1

Kukula konse kwa telesikopu (M):

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

f _ob = M _{fo c}

f _ob = 40 fo _{c —–} > equation 2

Utali wa lenzi ya maso :

M'malo mwa f _ob mu equation 1 ndi f _ob mu equation 2:

f _ob = 20 – fo _{o c}

40 fo _{c =} 20 – _{fo c}

40 fo _{c +} fo _{c =} 20

41 fo _{c =} 20

fo _{c =} 20 cm / 41

fo _{c =} 0.5 cm

Utali wa lenzi ya maso = 0.5 cm.

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika :

f _ob = 20 – f _oc

f _ob = 20 – 0.5

f _ob = 19.5 cm

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1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 2 cm ndipo utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 5 cm. Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolunjika ndi 30 cm. Dziwani kukula konse ndi mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika pamene diso lapumula.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) = 2 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _oc ) = 5 cm

Mtunda pakati pa magalasi (l) = 30 cm

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Yankho:

(a) kukula konse

Fomula ya kukulitsa konse:

M = m _ob M _oc

M = kukula konse, m _ob = kukula kwa lenzi yolinga, M _oc = kukula kwa angular ya maso

Kukula kwa lenzi yolunjika pamene diso lapumula (m _ob ):

Mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 30 cm – 5 cm = 25 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (d _ob ):

Lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolumikizana kotero kutalika kwa focal kumakhala ndi chizindikiro cha kuphatikiza.

Mtunda wa chithunzi uli ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera chifukwa chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala kumadutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa lens yolinga :

Kukula kwa angular ya maso pamene diso lapumula (M _ok ):

M _oc = N / f _oc = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5X

Kukula konse:

M = m _ob M _oc = (12.5) (5) = 62.5X

(b) Mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (d _ob )

Mtunda wa chinthucho kuchokera ku lenzi yowunikira ndi 2 cm.

[irp]

2. Maikulosikopu imakhala ndi chowunikira cha 5X ndi 20X. Mtunda pakati pa magalasi ndi 15 cm. (a) Dziwani kukula konse ngati diso lamasuka (b) Dziwani kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (c) kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso

Zodziwika:

Kukula kwa lenzi yolunjika (m _ob ) = 5X

Kukula kwa lenzi ya maso ( _Moc ) = 20X

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Mtunda pakati pa magalasi (l) = 15 cm

Yankho:

(a) Kukula konse (M)

M = m _ob M _oc

M = (5)(20) = 100X

(b) Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _oc )

Njira yowonjezerera angular ya lens ya maso (M _oc ) pamene diso lapumula:

M _oc = N / f _oc

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso:

f _oc = N / M _oc = 25 cm / 20 = 1.25 cm

(c) kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob )

Njira yowonjezerera lenzi yolunjika pamene diso lapumula:

Mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 15 cm – 1.25 cm = 13.75 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (d _ob ):

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ):

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika = 2.29 cm

3. Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 0.9 cm ndipo utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 2.5 cm. Maikulosikopu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi diso labwinobwino popanda kuyikapo ndipo kukula konse ndi nthawi 90. Dziwani mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika. N = 25 cm.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) = 0.9 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _ok ) = 2,5 cm

Kukula konse (M) = nthawi 90

Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino (N) = 25 cm

Malo okhala a diso ndi ochepa.

Kufunidwa: Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob )

Yankho:

Chiyerekezo cha kukula konse kwa angular pamene malo ogona ndi ochepa:

Werengerani mtunda wa chinthu chozungulira lenzi yolunjika (s _ob ) pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya ubale pakati pa kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ), mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob ) ndi mtunda pakati pa chithunzi ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob '):

4. Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 1.8 cm ndipo utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi 6 cm. Maikulosikopu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi diso labwinobwino popanda kuyikapo, mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolunjika ndi 24 cm. Dziwani mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ) = 1.8 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (f _ok ) = 6 cm

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso = kutalika kwa maikulosikopu (l) = 24 cm

Malo ogona ndi ochepa.

Kufunidwa: Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob )

Yankho:

Ngati malo ogona ndi ochepa, mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chomaliza ndi lenzi ya maso umakhala wopanda malire, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera.

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso (l) = kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ok ) + mtunda pakati pa chithunzi ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob ').

s _ob ' = l – f _ok = 24 cm – 6 cm = 18 cm

Werengerani mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob ) pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya ubale pakati pa kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (f _ob ), mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob ) ndi mtunda pakati pa chithunzi ndi lenzi yolunjika (s _ob '):

Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yowunikira ndi 2 cm.

[wpdm_package id='874′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa 2 mm chimayikidwa pa 10 cm kuchokera pagalasi lokulitsa . Pafupi ndi mfundo N = 25 cm. Dziwani kukula kwa ngodya ndi kutalika kwa chithunzi.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h _o ) = 2 mm

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu (do _o ) = 10 cm

Kufunidwa: Kukula kwa ngodya (M) ndi kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i )

Yankho:

M = N / s

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5

Kutalika kwa chithunzi = 2.5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.

2. Lenzi yolunjika ya 25 cm imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi lokulitsa. Dziwani (a) kukula kwa angular pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi ndi malo ake N = 25 cm (b) kukula kwa angular pamene diso lapumula.

Zodziwika:

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa (f) = 25 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti lenziyo ndi lenzi yolumikizana.

Yankho:

(a) kukula kwa angular pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi ndi N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1

M = 1 + 1

M = 2 X

Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi 1 cm, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.

(b) kukula kwa angular pamene diso lapumula

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 25 cm)

M = 1 X

Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi 1 cm, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi 1 x 1 cm = 1 cm.

3. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa 1 cm chimayikidwa patsogolo pa lenzi yolunjika ya 10 cm. Dziwani (a) kutalika kwa chithunzi pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi ndi malo ake N = 25 cm (b) Kutalika kwa chithunzi pamene diso lapumula.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h _o ) = 1 cm

Kutalika kwa focal (f) = 10 cm

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Yankho:

(a) Kutalika kwa chithunzi pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi ndi malo ake N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1

M = 2.5 + 1

M = 3.5 X

Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi 1 cm, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi 3.5 x 1 cm = 3.5 cm.

(b) Kutalika kwa chithunzi pamene diso lapumula.

M = N/f

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5 X

Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi 1 cm, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi 2.5 x 1 cm = 2.5 cm.

4. Kukula kwa angular pamene diso lapumula = 5X. Ngati pafupi ndi mfundo = 25 cm, kodi kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h _o ) = 2 mm

Kukula kwa ngodya (M) = 5X

Pafupi ndi malo (N) = 25 cm

Kufunidwa: Kutalika kwa focal

Yankho:

Fomula ya kukula kwa angular pamene diso lapumula:

M = N/f

5 = 25 cm / f

f = 25 cm / 5

f = 5 cm

Utali wa galasi lokulitsa = 5 cm.

5. Munthu amene ali ndi galasi lokulitsa amaona chinthu chomwe kutalika kwake ndi 15 cm. Ngati malo apafupi ndi maso a munthuyo = 30 cm, ndiye kuti dziwani kukula kwa galasi lokulitsa.

Zodziwika:

Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino (N) = 30 cm

Utali wa galasi lokulitsa (f) = 15 cm (kuphatikiza chizindikiro chakuti galasi likulumikizana)

Kufunidwa: kukula kwakukulu

Yankho:

Kukula kwakukulu kumachitika pamene diso lili pamalo apamwamba kwambiri. Kukula kwa galasi lokulitsa kumachitika pamene diso lili pamalo apamwamba kwambiri:

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1

M = 2 + 1

M = nthawi zitatu

6. Galasi lokulitsira zinthu lokhala ndi mphamvu yowala ya ma diopta 20 lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu amene ali ndi maso abwinobwino, 25 cm. Ngati malo ake ndi ochepa, dziwani kukula kocheperako.

Zodziwika:

Pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino (N) = 25 cm

Mphamvu ya galasi lokulitsa (P) = 20 diopters

Kufunidwa: Kukula kochepa

Yankho:

Utali wa galasi lokulitsa:

P = 1/f

20 = 1/f

f = 1/20

f = mamita 0.05

f = 5 cm

Kukula kwa angular pamene malo ogona ndi ochepa:

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 5 cm)

M = nthawi 5

[wpdm_package id='872′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Mphamvu ya lenzi ya magalasi ndi -2 Diopters. Mtunda pakati pa diso ndi galasi ndi 2 cm.

(a) Galasi la maso lili ndi lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana?

(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi ndi kotani?

(c) Diso loona patali kapena diso loona patali? Ngati likuona patali, kodi mfundo yaikulu ndi iti?

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu ya lenzi (P) = -2 Diopters

Yankho:

(a) Lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana

Chizindikiro chochepa cha mphamvu ya lenzi chimasonyeza kuti lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi ndi yosiyana.

(b) Utali wa focal

P = 1/f

-2 = 1/f

f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira ndi 50 cm.

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/50

d _i = 50 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi 5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm ndi malo akutali a diso loona patali. Kwa diso labwinobwino, malo akutali ndi osatha.

[irp]

2. Mphamvu ya lenzi ya magalasi ndi 4 Diopters. Mtunda pakati pa diso ndi galasi ndi 2 cm.

(a) Galasi la maso lili ndi lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana?

(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi ndi kotani?

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali ? Ngati likuwoneka pafupi, kodi ndiye kuti nthawi yake idzakhala yotani?

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu ya lenzi (P) = 4 Diopters

Yankho:

(a) Lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana

Chizindikiro chabwino cha mphamvu ya lenzi chimasonyeza kuti lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi ikugwirizana.

(b) Utali wa focal

P = 1/f

4 = 1/f

f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm

Kutalika kwa lens yolumikizana ndi 25 cm.

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

_-1 / di = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575

– d _i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 mamita eters

d _i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 mamita s

Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi 287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm ndi malo oyandikira a diso looneka bwino . Kwa diso labwinobwino, malo oyandikira ndi 25 cm.

3. Diso lili ndi nsonga yapafupi ya 16 cm ndi nsonga yakutali ya 80 cm. Ngati agwiritsa ntchito magalasi, amatha kuona zinthu zakutali bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi, mtunda wa chinthu chapafupi kwambiri womwe ungawoneke bwino ndi….

A. 13 1/3 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 36 cm

D. 48 1/3 cm

Zodziwika:

Malo akutali a munthu ndi 80 cm, motero, zatsimikiziridwa kuti munthuyo akuvutika ndi vuto la kuwona pafupi. Kuwona pafupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha lenzi ya diso kumakhala kopindika kwambiri kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira m'diso lachibadwa kotero kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso kumachepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kochokera kutali (kutali) kusayang'ane pa retina koma kuyang'ane kutsogolo kwa retina.

Kufunidwa: Mtunda wa chinthu chapafupi kwambiri chomwe chimawoneka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi

Yankho:

Malo akutali a munthu ndi 80 cm. Lenzi ya galasi iyenera kupanga chithunzi pa mtunda wa 80 cm patsogolo pake. Chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa maso ndi lenzi ya magalasi kotero kuti chithunzicho chikhale chowoneka bwino komanso choyimirira. Choncho mtunda wa chithunzi (d') = -80 cm. Ngati munthuyo wavala magalasi, amatha kuona zinthu zakutali kwambiri bwino. Choncho mtunda wa chinthucho (d) = malo akutali a diso labwinobwino = infinity = ~.

Utali wa lenzi ya maso:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)

1/f = 0 – 1/80

1/f = – 1/80

f = – 80 / 1

f = – 80 cm

Utali wolunjika womwe walembedwa ndi negative umatanthauza kuti lenzi ya magalasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yopingasa kapena lenzi yosiyana.

Ngati munthuyo akugwiritsa ntchito lenzi yagalasi yomweyi, ndiye kuti chinthu chapafupi kwambiri chomwe chingawonekere bwino ndi chotani? Kutalika kwa lenzi (f) = -80 cm. Lenziyo iyenera kupanga chithunzi pamtunda wa 16 cm patsogolo pa diso ndi lenzi, kotero kuti chithunzicho chikhale cholondola komanso chosainidwa kuti ndi choipa. Choncho mtunda wa chithunzi (d') = -16 cm.

1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80

d = 80/4 = 20 cm.

Chinthu chapafupi kwambiri chomwe chikuwoneka bwino ndi 20 cm.

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

4. Kutengera ndi chithunzicho, tinganene kuti…

Yankho:

Diso loona patali	Diso loona patali + magalasi olumikizana

Lenzi yolumikizana = lenzi yozungulira = lenzi yabwino

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

5. Malo oyandikira a munthu wodwala hypermetropy ndi 2 m. Kuti munthuyo aone munthu wa maso abwinobwino, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a maso…

A. -1.5 Diopters

B. -2.5 Diopters

C. +3.5 Diopters

D. +4.5 Diopters

Zodziwika:

Malo oyandikira a odwala hypermetropy (kuona patali) = mamita awiri

Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino = 25 cm = 0.25 metres

Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya magalasi a lenzi

Yankho:

Lenzi iyenera kupanga chithunzi pamtunda wa mamita awiri patsogolo pa diso kuti chithunzicho chikhale cholondola komanso cholembedwa kuti ndi choipa. Choncho mtunda wa chithunzi (d') = – mamita awiri.

Kuti munthu aone ngati munthu wa maso abwinobwino, mtunda wa chinthucho (d) = malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino = 25 cm = 0.25 metres.

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya magalasi:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2

f = 2/7

Utali wolunjika womwe walembedwa kuti ndi wabwino umatanthauza kuti lenzi yagalasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yabwino kapena lenzi yozungulira kapena lenzi yolumikizana.

Mphamvu ya lenzi:

P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

[wpdm_package id='870′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Mphamvu ya lenzi yolumikizirana ndi -5 Diopt ers.

(a) Lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana?

(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi yolumikizirana ndi chiyani?

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali ? Ngati diso loona pafupi, kodi ndiye kuti malo ake apafupi adzakhala otani?

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu ya lenzi (P) = -5 D

Yankho:

(a) Lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana?

Chizindikiro chochepa cha mphamvu ya lenzi chimasonyeza kuti lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi yosiyana.

(b) Utali wa focal?

P = 1/f

-5 = 1/f

f = 1/-5 = -0.2 m = -20 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira ndi 20 cm.

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/20 – 1/~ = -1/20 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/20

d _i = 20 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi 20 cm. 20 cm ndiye malo akutali a diso loona patali. Kwa diso labwinobwino, malo akutali ndi osatha.

[irp]

2. Mphamvu ya lenzi yolumikizirana ndi 1.5 Diopters.

(a) Lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana?

(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi yolumikizirana ndi chiyani?

(c) Diso loona patali kapena diso loona patali? Ngati diso loona patali, kodi mfundo yaikulu idzakhala chiyani?

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu ya lenzi (P) = 1.5 Diopters

Yankho:

(a) lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yosiyana

Chizindikiro chabwino cha mphamvu ya lenzi chimasonyeza kuti lenzi yolumikizana ndi lenzi ikugwirizana.

(b) Utali wa focal

P = 1/f

1.5 = 1/f

f = 1/ 1.5 = 0.67 m = 67 cm

Kutalika kwa lens yolumikizana ndi 67 cm.

(c) Diso loona pafupi kapena diso loona patali

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

_-1 / di = 1/67 – 1/25 = 25/1675 – 67/1675 = -42/1675

– d _i = -1675/42 = -40 cm = -0.40 m

d _i = 40 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi 40 cm. 20 cm ndi pafupi ndi nsonga ya diso loona patali. Kwa diso labwinobwino, nsonga yapafupi ndi 25 cm.

[wpdm_package id='868′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Diso labwinobwino lili ndi malo otalikirapo osatha. Utali wa lenzi ya diso ndi 2.5 cm. Dziwani (a) mtunda wa chithunzi (b) mphamvu ya lenzi.

Zodziwika:

Utali wa lenzi ya diso (f) = mtunda pakati pa cornea ndi retina = +2.5 cm ( Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza lenzi yolumikizana ).

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = chosatha

Kufunidwa : mtunda wa chithunzi ( di ₎

Yankho:

(a) mtunda wa chithunzi

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

f = kutalika kwa focal , do _o = mtunda wa chinthu , d _i = mtunda wa chithunzi

1/ di ₌ 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1 / 2.5 – 1 / ~ = 1 / 2.5 – 0

1/ d _i = 1 / 2.5

d _i = 2.5 cm = 0.025 mamita

Ngati mtunda wa chinthucho ndi wopanda malire, mtunda wa chithunzi (d _i ) = kutalika kwa focal (f)

(b) mphamvu ya lenzi

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.025 m = 40 Mu opters

[irp]

2. Diso labwinobwino lili ndi nsonga ya pafupifupi masentimita 25. Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi wofanana ndi mtunda wa pakati pa cornea ndi retina = masentimita 2.5. Dziwani (a) kutalika kwa focal (b) mphamvu ya lenzi

Zodziwika:

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = 25 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi ( di _i ) = 2.5 cm

Yankho:

(a) kutalika kwa focal (f)

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

1/f = 1/25 + 1/2,5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25

f = 2.27 cm = 0.0227 m

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza lenzi yolumikizana.

(b) mphamvu ya lenzi (P)

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.0227 = 44 Mu opters

3. Chimodzi mwa zida zowunikira ndi maso a anthu . Dziwani mawonekedwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi maso a anthu…

A. Zenizeni, zowongoka

B. Zenizeni, zopotoka

C. Pakompyuta, molunjika

D. Pakompyuta, yosinthidwa

Anakonza

Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino ndi 25 cm. Malo oyandikira ndi malo oyandikira diso pomwe chinthu chimalunjika bwino pa retina pamene chili pamalo ake. M'mimba mwake mwa diso la munthu ndi wocheperapo kuposa 25 cm kotero kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso ndi kocheperapo kuposa 25 cm. Chifukwa chake, mtunda wa chinthu (d) uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso (f).

Lenzi ya maso ndi lenzi yozungulira. Chifukwa chake chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi ya maso chili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yozungulira. Makhalidwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi ya maso pamene mtunda wa chinthu (s) uli waukulu kuposa kutalika kwa focal (f):

zenizeni, zopotoka, zazing'ono

Chithunzicho chiyenera kuyang'ana pa retina chifukwa retina imasintha mafunde a kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ku ubongo. Ngakhale kuti chithunzicho chimasinthidwa, ubongo wa munthu umachitembenuza kuti zinthu zomwe diso likuwona zikhale zoyima.

Mukawona mtengo patali, mtengowo umawoneka wocheperako kuposa kukula kwake kwenikweni. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chithunzi chomwe chachepetsedwa.

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

4. Diso limatha kuona chinthu pamene chithunzicho chikuyang'ana pa retina komwe mawonekedwe a chithunzicho ali…

A. Pakompyuta, molunjika, wamkulu

B. Pakompyuta, yozungulira, yaying'ono

C. Zenizeni, zopotoka, zazing'ono

D. Yeniyeni, yowongoka, yaying'ono

Anakonza
– Lenzi ya diso ndi lenzi yozungulira, motero, makhalidwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi ya diso ndi ofanana ndi makhalidwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yozungulira.

– Malo oyandikira diso labwinobwino kapena mtunda wapafupi kwambiri womwe maso amatha kuuona bwino ndi 25 cm. Maso ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kotero kuti utali wozungulira wa kupindika ndi kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso ndi wochepera 25 cm. Chifukwa chake zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti mtunda wa chinthucho ndi waukulu kuposa utali wozungulira.

– Ngati mtunda wa chinthucho ndi waukulu kuposa kutalika kwa focal ndiye kuti mawonekedwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi diso la munthu pa retina ndi enieni, ozungulira, komanso ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kuti chithunzicho ndi chozungulira, ubongo umachitembenuza chilili pamene tikuchiwona.

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

[wpdm_package id='866′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa masentimita 5 chimayikidwa pa 5 cm kuchokera ku lenzi yolumikizana ya masentimita 15. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi , kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa focal (f) = 15 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala kumadutsa pa malowo.

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h _o ) = 5 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = 5 cm

Chifunidwa : mtunda wa chithunzi , kukula kwa chithunzi , kutalika kwa chithunzi ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho

Yankho:

Kupanga chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yolumikizana :

Mtunda wa chithunzi ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = _-2/15

d _i = -15/2 = -7.5 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala sikudutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa chithunzi ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-7.5)/5 = 7.5/5 = 1.5

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (1.5)5 = 10/3 = 7.5 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Katundu wa chithunzicho

- pa intaneti

- wowongoka

- Chithunzicho ndi chachikulu kuposa chinthucho

- Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi waukulu kuposa mtunda wa chinthucho

[irp]

2. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa masentimita 10 chimayikidwa pa 30 cm kuchokera ku lenzi yolumikizana ya masentimita 15. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi, kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa focal (f) = 15 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala kumadutsa pa malowo.

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h) = 10 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu = 30 cm

Chifunidwa: Mtunda wa chithunzi, kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho

Yankho:

Kupanga chithunzicho pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yolumikizana:

Mtunda wa chithunzi ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/ _f – 1/ do _o = 1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30

d _i = 30/1 = 30 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala kumadutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa chithunzi ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (-1)10 = -10 cm

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.

Katundu wa chithunzicho

- zenizeni kapena kuwala kumadutsa pachithunzichi

- zopindika

- Kutalika kwa chithunzi ndi kofanana ndi kutalika kwa chinthucho.

– Mtunda wa chithunzi ndi wofanana ndi mtunda wa chinthucho.

[irp]

3. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa masentimita 10 chimayikidwa pa 30 cm kuchokera ku lenzi yolumikizana ya masentimita 20. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi, kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa focal f) = 20 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala kumadutsa pa malowo.

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h) = 10 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Chifunidwa: Mtunda wa chithunzi , kukula kwa chithunzi , kutalika kwa chithunzi ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho

Yankho:

Mtunda wa chithunzi ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/ _f – 1/ do _o = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala kumadutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa chithunzi ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(60)/30 = -2

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.

Chithunzicho ndi chachikulu kawiri kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h i = m h _o = (-2)10 = -20 cm

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.

Katundu wa chithunzicho

- zenizeni

- zopindika

- kutalika kwa chithunzicho ndi kwakukulu kuposa kutalika kwa chinthucho

- mtunda wa chithunzi ndi waukulu kuposa mtunda wa chinthucho

[irp]

4. Kutengera chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, dziwani kutalika kwa lenzi yolumikizana!

Zodziwika:

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = 20 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi ( di ₎ = 30 cm

Kufunidwa : Kutalika kwa focal (f)

Yankho:

1/ do _o + 1/ di _i = 1/f

do _o = mtunda wa chinthu ( kuphatikiza chizindikiro chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa mu chinthu )

d _i = mtunda wa chithunzi ( kuphatikiza chizindikiro chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa pachithunzichi )

f = kutalika kwa focal ( kuphatikiza chizindikiro chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa mu focal point kapena focal point ndi yeniyeni )

Utali wa focal:

1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60

f = 60/5 = 12 cm

5. Mtunda wa chinthucho ndi 30 cm ndipo kutalika kwa focal ndi 20 cm. Dziwani kukula kwa chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolumikizana (f) = 20 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala kumadutsa pachithunzichi.

Mtunda wa chinthu ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Kufunidwa: Kukula kwa chithunzi (M)

Yankho:

Mtunda wa chithunzi:

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Kukula kwa chithunzi:

M = di _i / do _o = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = kawiri

[wpdm_package id='864′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri

1. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa masentimita 5 chimayikidwa pa 15 cm kuchokera ku lenzi yozungulira yotalika masentimita 30. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi , kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho, ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa focal (f) = -30 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala sikudutsa pa malowo.

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h _o ) = 5 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu (do _o ) = 15 cm

Chifunidwa: Mtunda wa chithunzi (d _i ), kukula kwa chithunzi (m), kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ) ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Yankho:

Kupanga chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yosiyana:

Mtunda wa chithunzi (di _i ):

1/di _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/15 = -1/30 – 2/30 = -3/30

d _i = -30/3 = -10 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala sikudutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-10)/15 = 10/15 = 2/3

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 2/3 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (2/3)5 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Makhalidwe a chithunzicho:

Makhalidwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi galasi losiyana:

- pa intaneti

- wowongoka

- chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono kuposa chinthucho

- mtunda wa chithunzi ndi wocheperako kuposa mtunda wa chinthucho

[irp]

2. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa masentimita 10 chimayikidwa pa 60 cm kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika ya masentimita 30. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi, kukula kwa chithunzicho, kutalika kwa chithunzicho, ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa focal (f) = -30 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni kapena kuwala sikudutsa pa malowo.

Kutalika kwa chinthu (h) = 10 cm

Mtunda wa chinthu (do _o ) = 60 cm

Chifunidwa: Mtunda wa chithunzi (d _i ), kukula kwa chithunzi (m), kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ) ndi makhalidwe a chithunzicho

Yankho:

Kupanga chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yosiyana:

Mtunda wa chithunzi (di _i ):

1/di _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/60 = -2/60 – 1/60 = -3/60

d _i = -60/3 = -20 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni kapena kuwala sikudutsa mu chithunzicho.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m = -d _i /do _o = -(-20)/60 = 20/60 = 1/3

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 1/3 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (1/3)10 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Kapangidwe ka chithunzi

- zenizeni chifukwa kuwala sikudutsa pachithunzichi

- wowongoka

- chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono kuposa chinthucho

- mtunda wa chithunzi ndi wocheperako kuposa mtunda wa chinthucho

[wpdm_package id='862′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira

Werengani zambiri