Magalasi ozungulira - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Kutalika kwa focal kwa kalilole wonyezimira ndi 10 cm ndipo chinthucho mtunda ndi 20 cm. Dziwani (a) mtunda wa chithunzi (b) kukula kwa chithunzicho

Zodziwika:

Utali wofunikira (f) = -10 cm

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira pagalasi lozungulira ndi enieni

Mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 20 cm

Yankho:

Kupanga chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lozungulira:

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d)_i):

1/d_i = 1/f – 1/d_o = -1/10 – 1/20 = -2/20 – 1/20 = -3/20

d_i = -20/3 = -6.7 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti.

Kukula kwa chithunzi:

m =- d_i / d_o = -(-6.7)/20 = 6.7/20 = 0.3

m = 0,3 nthawi yochepa kuposa chinthucho.

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili mmwamba.

2. Chinthu chachitali cha masentimita 10 chimayikidwa patsogolo pa galasi lozungulira lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Dziwani kutalika kwa chithunzi ngati mtunda wa chinthucho ndi (a) 10 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 50 cm

Zodziwika:

Utali wa galasi lozungulira (f) = -20 cm

Chizindikiro chochotsera chikusonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni

Utali wa kupindika (r) = 2 f = 2(20) = 40 cm

Kutalika kwa chinthucho (h) = 10 cm

Yankho:

a) kutalika kwa focal (f) = -20 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 10 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d)_i) :

1/d_i = 1/f – 1/d_o = -1/20 – 1/10 = -1/20 – 2/20 = -3/20

d_i = -20/3 = -6.7

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m =-d_i / d_o = -(-6.7)/10 = 6.7/10 = 0.67

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 0.67 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h_i):

m = h_i / h_o

h_i = h_o m = (10 cm)(0.67) = 6.7 cm

b) kutalika kwa focal (f) = -20 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 30 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d_i):

1/d_i = 1/f – 1/d_o = -1/20 – 1/30 = -3/60 – 2/60 = -5/60

d_i = -60/5 = -12

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m =-d_i / d_o = -(-12)/30 = 12/30 = 0.4

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono kuwirikiza ka 0,4 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzicho (h_i):

m = h_i / h_o

h_i = h_o m = (10 cm)(0.4) = 4 cm

c) Utali wofunikira (f) = -20 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 40 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d_i):

1/d_i = 1/f – 1/d_o = -1/20 – 1/40 = -2/40 – 1/40 = -3/40

d_i = -40/3 = -13.3

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi lozungulira.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m =- d_i / d_o = -(-13.3)/40 = 13.3/40 = 0.3

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 0.3 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h_i) :

m = h_i / h_o

h_i = h_o m = (10 cm)(0.3) = 3 cm

d) Utali wofunikira (f) = -20 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 50 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d_i):

1/d_i = 1/f – 1/d_o = -1/20 – 1/50 = -5/100 – 2/100 = -7/100

d_i = -100/7 = -14.3

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi lozungulira.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m =- d_i / d_o = -(-14.3)/50 = 14.3/50 = 0.3

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 0.3 kuposa chinthucho.

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h_i) :

m = h_i / h_o

h_i = h_o m = (10 cm)(0.3) = 3 cm

3. Pa chinthucho pali 20 cm patsogolo pa galasi lozungulira. Ngati kutalika kwa chithunzi kuli 1/5 kuchulukitsa kutalika kwa chinthucho, dziwani (a) kutalika kwa chithunzi b) kutalika kwa focal c) makhalidwe a chithunzicho

Zodziwika:

Mtunda wa chinthucho (d_o) = 20 cm

Kutalika kwa chithunzi (h_i) = 1/5 ola = 0.2 ola

Kutalika kwa chinthucho (h) = h

Yankho:

a) mtunda wa chithunzi (d_i)

Fomula yokulitsa chithunzi :

m = h_i / h_o = 0.2maola / ola = 0.2

Chizindikiro chowonjezera chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira.

Chithunzicho ndi chaching'ono ndi 0.2 kuposa chinthucho.

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d_i):

-d_i = md_o

d_i =- m d_o = -(0.2)(20 cm) = -4 cm

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi lozungulira.

b) Utali wa focal (f)

Utali wofunikira (f):

1/f = 1/d_o + 1/ d_i = 1/20 – 1/4 = 1/20 – 5/20 = -4/20

f = -20/4 = -5 cm

Chizindikiro cha minus chimasonyeza kuti malo ofunikira ndi enieni.

c) Makhalidwe a chithunzi:

- Zolondola

- Zing'onozing'ono

- pafupifupi

4. Kuwala kukagunda galasi lozungulira lomwe likufanana ndi mzere wozungulira lidzawonekera….

A. kulowera ku malo owonekera pagalasi

B. monga momwe zilili pagalasi

C. kudutsa pakati pa kupindika kwa galasi

D. yolunjika ku galasi

Anakonza

Vutoli lawonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa.

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

5. Wokwera njinga yamoto amaona chithunzi cha njinga yamoto kumbuyo kwake 1/6 kuchulukitsa kukula kwake koyambirira pamene mtunda pakati pa wokwera njinga ndi njinga yamoto uli mamita 30. Dziwani kutalika kwa kupindika kwa galasi lowonera kumbuyo…

A. 7.14 m

B. 8.57 m

C. 12.00 m

D. 24.00 m

Zodziwika:

Kukula kwa chithunzi (M) = 1/6 nthawi

Mtunda wa chinthu (d) = mamita 30

SE basi: Kupindika kwa galasi lowonera kumbuyo (R)

Yankho:

Werengerani mtunda wa chithunzi (d')

Popeza kukula kwa chithunzi (M) ndi mtunda (s) wa chinthu chadziwika, mtunda wa chithunzi ukhoza kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezerera chithunzi:

Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimatanthauza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni. Chithunzicho chili mamita 5 kumbuyo kwa galasi lozungulira.

Werengerani kutalika kwa focal (f)

Popeza mtunda wa chinthu (d) ndi mtunda wa chithunzi (d'), ndiye kuti kutalika kwa focal kumatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya galasi:

Utali wozungulira wa kupindika (R)

Kutalika kwa galasi lopindika ndi kawiri kutalika kwa galasi lopindika.
R = 2 f = 2 (mamita 6) = mamita 12
Kutalika kwa galasi lopindika ndi mamita 12.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

6. Galasi lozungulira limasankhidwa ngati galasi lowonera kumbuyo kwa njinga yamoto chifukwa mawonekedwe a chithunzi chopangidwa ndi galasi ndi…

A. yeniyeni, yowongoka, yochepetsedwa

B. yeniyeni, yowongoka, yokulirapo

C. yeniyeni, yowongoka, yochepetsedwa

D. yeniyeni, yowongoka, yokulirapo

Yankho:

Kutengera ndi ziwerengero ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, tinganene kuti mawonekedwe a chithunzicho ndi enieni, owongoka, wochepetsedwa.

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

7 chaka Chinthucho chili pamtunda wa masentimita 12 patsogolo pa galasi lozungulira lokhala ndi utali wa masentimita 6. Makhalidwe a chithunzicho ndi…

A. yeniyeni, yopindika patali pa 12 cm

B. yeniyeni, yowongoka patali ndi 4 cm

C. yeniyeni, yoyimirira patali wa 2.4 cm

D. yeniyeni, yopindika patali pa 6 cm

Zodziwika:

Mtunda wa chinthu (d) = 12 cm

Ulalo wa kalilole wonyezimira (r) = 6 cm.

Utali wofunikira wa kalilole wonyezimira (f) = 6 cm / 2 = -3 cm

Utali wa galasi lozungulira umalembedwa kuti ndi woipa chifukwa ndi weniweni. Wapakompyuta chifukwa sudutsa ndi kuwala.

Akufuna: Kapangidwe ka chithunzi

Yankho:

Mtunda wa chithunzi (d'):

1/d' = 1/f – 1/d = -1/3 – 1/12 = -4/12 – 1/12 = -5/12

d' = -12/5 = -2.4 cm

Mtunda wa chithunzi womwe wasainidwa ndi negative umatanthauza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti.

Kukula kwa chithunzi (m):

m = -d' / d = -(-2.4) / 12 = 2.4 / 12 = nthawi 0.2

Kukula kwa chithunzi chosainidwa bwino kumatanthauza kuti chithunzicho chili choyimirira ndipo kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi 0.2 kumatanthauza kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi kochepa kuposa kukula kwa chinthucho (kochepetsedwa).

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

[wpdm_package id='860′]

1. Mavuto ndi mayankho a galasi lopindika
2. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi ozungulira
3. Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a lens
4. Kugwirizanitsa mavuto ndi mayankho a lens
5. Zipangizo zowunikira mavuto a maso a anthu ndi mayankho ake
6. Mavuto ndi mayankho a magalasi olumikizirana ndi zida zamagetsi
7. Magalasi a zida zowunikira
8. Zida zowunikira zokulitsa mavuto a magalasi ndi mayankho
9. Maikulosi ya zida zowunikira - mavuto ndi mayankho
10. Mavuto ndi mayankho a ma telescope a zida zowunikira