Ntchito ndi Ntchito za Turbocharger
Pendauluan
Turbocharger ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu injini zoyaka moto kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ukadaulo uwu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto osiyanasiyana, kuyambira magalimoto onyamula anthu mpaka magalimoto akuluakulu, komanso sitima ndi ndege. Ma turbocharger amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo yosavuta koma ndi othandiza kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a injini. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe ma turbocharger amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Ntchito ya Turbocharger
Wonjezerani Mphamvu ya Injini
Ntchito yaikulu ya turbocharger ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini. Turbocharger imatha kupanga injini yaying'ono kupanga mphamvu yofanana ndi injini yayikulu. Izi zimachitika mwa kukakamiza mpweya wolowa m'chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyaka kukhale kwakukulu. mafuta zomwe zimayaka kwambiri ndipo zimapanga mphamvu zambiri.
Wonjezani Mafuta Mwachangu
Mwa kuwotcha mafuta Ma turbocharger ogwira ntchito bwino amathanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Mpweya wopanikizika umalola kuyaka kwathunthu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa utsi. mafuta mpweya woipa komanso wosayaka.
Kuchepetsa Utsi Wotuluka
Ma turbocharger amathandizanso kuchepetsa utsi woipa. Dongosololi limathandiza kuti utsi utuluke. kuyaka kwathunthu kwa zinthuzo mafuta, motero kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya monga CO, HC, ndi NOx. Ma turbocharger ena amakono ali ndi ukadaulo wa "Variable Geometry", womwe umathandiza kukonza kayendedwe ka mpweya malinga ndi zosowa za injini.
Kuchepetsa Kukula kwa Makina
Turbocharging imalola opanga magalimoto kugwiritsa ntchito mainjini ang'onoang'ono popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito. Mainjini ang'onoang'ono amatanthauza kulemera kwa magalimoto kopepuka, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta magwiridwe antchito otsika komanso abwino.
Zigawo za Turbocharger
Turbini
Gawoli lili mbali ya utsi wa injini. Turbine iyi imatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa utsi wochokera ku injini. Kuyenda kwa mpweya wotulutsa utsi kumazungulira turbine, yomwe imazungulira compressor.
kompresa
Compressor ili mbali yolowera mpweya ndipo imagwira ntchito yowonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya wolowa m'chipinda choyaka moto. Pamene turbine ikuzungulira, imayendetsanso compressor kudzera mu shaft yolumikizira.
Nyumba kapena Nyumba
Nyumbayi ndi chinthu chomwe chimasunga turbine ndi compressor ndipo chimatsogolera mpweya ndi mpweya wotuluka m'malo oyenera. Nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri.
Mabearing ndi Shafts
Pakati pa turbine ndi compressor pali shaft yomwe imalumikiza ziwirizi. Kuti achepetse kukangana ndi kuwonongeka, shaft iyi imayikidwa pa ma bearing, nthawi zambiri ma bearing a mpira kapena a journal omwe amathiridwa mafuta ndi njira. mafuta a injini.
Chitseko cha zinyalala
Chigawochi ndi valavu yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka mpweya wotuluka mu turbine. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera liwiro la turbine ndikuletsa kukwera kwambiri kwa mphamvu, kapena kukwera kwa mphamvu, komwe kungawononge injini.
Momwe Turbocharger Imagwirira Ntchito
Mfundo Zoyambira
Chojambulira mpweya chimagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochokera ku mpweya wotulutsa utsi wa injini, womwe nthawi zambiri umatayika. Mphamvu yotulutsa utsi uwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira turbine yolumikizidwa ndi compressor kudzera mu shaft. Kenako compressor iyi imakakamiza mpweya kulowa mu chipinda choyaka moto.
Ndondomeko Yatsatanetsatane
1. Mpweya Wotulutsa Utsi Wochokera ku Injini: Injini ikagwira ntchito, mpweya wotulutsa utsi wopangidwa kuchokera ku kuyaka umalowa mu exhaust manifold ndipo umatumizidwa ku turbocharger turbine.
2. Kuzungulira kwa Turbine: Mpweya wotulutsa utsi uwu umazungulira masamba a turbine, omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku compressor kudzera mu shaft.
3. Kuponderezedwa kwa Mpweya Wolowa: Compressor, yoyendetsedwa ndi kuzungulira kwa turbine, imapondereza mpweya wolowa kudzera mu intake. Mpweya uwu umatumizidwa ku intercooler.
4. Choziziritsira mpweya: Makina ena a turbocharger amagwiritsa ntchito choziziritsira mpweya wopanikizika. Mpweya woziziritsirawu ndi wokhuthala kwambiri ndipo uli ndi mpweya wambiri.
5. Kulowa mu Chipinda Choyaka: Mpweya wopanikizikawu umatumizidwa ku chipinda choyaka cha injini, komwe mafuta ambiri amatha kuyatsidwa bwino, ndikupanga mphamvu zambiri.
6. Kulamulira ndi Wastegate: Ngati mpweya wopangidwa ndi turbocharger wapitirira malire omwe mukufuna, wastegate idzatseguka kuti itulutse mpweya wotulutsa utsi mwachindunji ku utsi, kudutsa turbine kuti ilamulire kuzungulira ndi kupanikizika.
Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Ma Turbocharger
Kelebihan
1. Kugwira Ntchito Kwambiri: Kuyika turbocharger kungapangitse mphamvu ya injini kukwera popanda kuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini kwambiri.
2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta Moyenera: Ndi kuyaka bwino, ma turbocharger amapangitsa injini kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopanda vuto.
3. Kuchepetsa Utsi Woipa: Dongosololi limathandizanso kuchepetsa utsi woipa womwe umatulutsa utsi.
Kusowa
1. Kuchedwa: Pali nthawi yocheperako pakati pa nthawi imene dalaivala waponda pa accelerator pedal ndi nthawi imene turbocharger yayamba kupereka mphamvu yowonjezera.
2. Kuvuta ndi Mtengo: Makina a Turbocharger ndi ovuta komanso okwera mtengo pankhani yokhazikitsa ndi kukonza poyerekeza ndi makina osakhala a turbo.
3. Zofunikira pa Kuziziritsa: Ma turbocharger omwe amagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri amafunikira njira yoziziritsira yogwira mtima kuti apewe kutentha kwambiri.
Zatsopano mu Ukadaulo wa Turbocharger
Zatsopano zikupitilira kupita patsogolo muukadaulo wa turbocharger. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri ndi kuyambitsa Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), yomwe imalola kuti ngodya ya tsamba la turbine isinthidwe kuti mpweya uyende bwino malinga ndi zofunikira za injini. Izi zimachepetsa kuchedwa ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito pa liwiro la injini zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ukadaulo wa Electric Turbocharger womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi kuzungulira compressor, kuchotsa kuchedwa kwathunthu ndikupereka mphamvu yowonjezera nthawi yomweyo.
Kutseka
Turbocharging ndi ukadaulo womwe umaphatikiza mphamvu zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta mu phukusi limodzi. Pomvetsetsa bwino ntchito yake komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito, titha kuwona chifukwa chake ukadaulo uwu uli ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la magalimoto. Ndi kupitilizabe kupanga zatsopano, tsogolo la turbocharging limawoneka lowala, limapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso mpweya wochepa.
