Tohutohu mō te Kōwhiri i ngā Taura me ngā Hononga Pakari mō ngā Pūnaha Paewhiri Rā
Kua hangaia ngā pūnaha panera rā (PLTS) kia mahi i waho mō ngā tau maha, kia tūpato ki te wera o ia rā, te ua, te puehu, te hau, me te pānga o te UV. Nō reira, kaua te whiriwhiri i ngā taura me ngā hononga e ahu mai i ngā utu iti, "nā te mea noa e hono ana." Ka taea e ngā taura me ngā hononga kāore i te tika te arahi ki te ngoikore o te mahi, te wera nui, te rahunga o te pūnaha, tae atu ki te mōrearea o te ahi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i ngā taura me ngā hononga pakari mō te tāutanga PV haumaru, whai hua, me te roa o te wā.
1. Kia mārama ki te mahi a ngā taura me ngā hononga i roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā
I roto i te pūnaha panera rā, ka rere te hiko mai i te kōwae (panera) ki te pouaka whakakotahi, ki te kaiwhakahaere utu rā, ki te inverter rānei, kātahi ki te pākahiko me te kawenga. I ia pūwāhi, ka mahi ngā taura me ngā hononga i ngā mahi e whai ake nei:
– Whakahaerehia te iahiko me te ngaronga hiko iti rawa.
– Ka ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino (UV, pāmahana teitei, haumākū).
– Kia mau te hononga kia kore ai e piko, e wera rānei.
– Ka whakaiti i te waikura ka whakaiti i te kounga o te pa atu.
Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te whakamahi i ngā waea hiko o te whare (NYA/NYM) mō te raina DC o te panera. Heoi, nā ngā āhuatanga o te iahiko DC, ngā wāhi tāutanga o waho, me te hiahia mō te whakamarumaru UV, he pai ake te whakamahi i ngā waea PV motuhake.
2. Kōwhiria he taura PV motuhake (taura rā), kaua he taura whānui.
Ko te mea pai, ko ngā taura o te papa rā he taura PV paerewa kua hangaia mō te whakamahinga o waho me te iahiko DC. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga matua ko:
– Ātete ki ngā hihi UV: kāore e pakarukaru, e ngatata rānei i te rā.
– Ātete ki te pāmahana tiketike, ki te pāmahana iti: ka noho ngāwari, ā, kāore e rewa ngāwari.
– Te ātete ki te ozone me te haumākū: he mea nui mō ngā rohe pārūrū.
– Ngā kaiārahi taura: he ngāwari ake, he kaha ake hoki mō ngā tāutanga o waho.
I te mākete, e mōhiotia ana ngā taura PV ko ngā taura PV1-F, ko ngā paerewa ōrite rānei (i runga i te whenua/waitohu). I te hoko, tirohia ngā whakaritenga kei runga i te uhi taura: e kīia ana te rahi mm², te whakatauranga ngaohiko, te paerewa, me te awhe pāmahana.
3. Kia tika te whakatauranga ngaohiko o te taura (DC anake)
Ka taea e ngā pūnaha panera rā (ina koa ko ngā kaitahuri aho) te whai i ngā ngaohiko DC teitei. Me tika te whakatauranga o ngā taura mō tēnei ngaohiko. Mō te haumaru me te roa o te mau:
– Whakamahia ngā taura he rite te taumata ngaohiko ki te whirihoranga aho.
– Kaua e whakataurite i ngā whakaritenga ngaohiko DC ki te AC kāinga.
– Whāia ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga o te inverter/mana whakahaere utu me ngā paerewa tāutanga e tika ana.
Mā te ngaohiko e "tata rawa" ana ki te taumata o te taura ka kaha ake te mahi a te whakamarumaru, ka tere ake te pirau, ā, ka nui ake te mōrearea o te rahunga.
4. Whakatauhia te rahi o te taura i runga i te iahiko me te roa o te aho (kaua e heke te ngaohiko)
Ka ngaro te hiko me te wera i ngā taura iti rawa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā, ko te wera te hoariri matua nā te mea ka tere ake te tawhito o te whakamarumaru, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā werawera. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te rahi o te taura:
1. Tātaihia te iahiko mōrahi i runga i te aho (hei tauira, te iahiko aho PV, te iahiko rānei mai i te kaiwhakahaere utu ki te pākahiko).
2. Kia tūpato ki te roa o te taura haere-hoki (koropiko) nā te mea ka puta te hekenga ngaohiko i te ara.
3. Whai kia iti te hekenga ngaohiko kia pai ai te mahi (ko te tikanga he pai ake te iti, inā koa i ngā raina DC iti pēnei i ngā pākahiko).
Hei tirohanga whānui:
– He tino tairongo ngā raina pākahiko 12/24/48V ki ngā maturuturunga iho, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he taura nui ake.
– Ko te ara mai i te panera ki te inverter (ngaohiko teitei ake) he mea ngāwari ake te nuinga, engari me tatau tonu.
Ki te ruarua koe, kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hangarau mō ngā tātaitanga rahi o te taura, whakamahia rānei he tātaitai maturuturunga ngaohiko e whai whakaaro ana ki te iahiko, te roa, me te horahanga whakawhiti.
5. Kōwhiria te rauemi o te ara iahiko: e taunakitia ana te parahi parakore.
Mō ngā pūnaha PV e hiahia ana ki te whai huatanga me te roa, ko te parahi parakore te mea pai rawa atu nā te mea he iti te ātete me te pumau. Āta karohia ngā taura "iti te utu" e whakamahi ana i ngā koranu, i ngā rauemi kounga iti rānei nā te mea:
– Te ātete teitei ake → te ngaronga mana kua piki ake.
– Ka tere ake te wera.
– Tērā pea ka poto ake te roa o te ora ratonga.
– He ngoikore te kounga o te whakapiko/whakamutu.
Ki te kitea e koe he taura kei raro iho i te uara mākete, tirohia mēnā he CCA (Copper Clad Aluminium). Ka nui ake te ngaronga o te mana e te CCA, ā, ka ngawari ake te wera o ngā hononga, inā koa i ngā iahiko teitei.
6. Kia aro ki te kounga o te whakamarumaru me te papa o waho.
Ehara i te mea ko ōna kaiārahi anake te mea e whakatau ana i te pakari o te taura. Ko te whakamarumaru me te uhi o waho e whakatau ana i te pai o te ātete o te taura ki te taiao. Kia tino mohio te taura:
– Ātete ki ngā hihi UV (me whakamahi ki waho).
– Ātete ki te pakū (te waku i runga i ngā anga panera, i ngā anga paipa rānei).
– Ātete ki te wai, ki te makuku hoki.
– Me whakarite ngā whakaritenga pāmahana mahi e tika ana mō te wāhi (ka tino wera rawa ngā tuanui).
Ka tere te pakaru o ngā taura kounga-iti, kātahi ka uru te wai, ka waikura, ka piki ake te ātete, ā, i te mutunga ka raru te hononga.
7. Whakamahia he hononga paerewa PV hototahi (momo MC4 te nuinga)
I roto i ngā whakaurunga panera rā o ēnei rā, ko te hononga tino noa ko te momo MC4, ko te hononga hototahi rānei. Ngā tohutohu nui:
– Whakamahia ngā hononga waitohu/whaimana, ā, kia mārama hoki ngā whakaritenga.
– Me whakarite kei te tika ngā whakatauranga o te au me te ngaohiko o te hononga.
– Kōwhiria he hononga he pai te tiakitanga IP (hei tauira, te ātete ki te wai me te puehu) mō te whakamahinga o waho.
– Kia tino hototahi ngā hononga: mā te whakaranu i ngā hononga mai i ngā waitohu "rite" rerekē ka kore e tika, ka koretake, ka wera rawa rānei ngā hononga.
Ka taea e ngā hononga wetekina te whakaputa i ngā mura hiko (āra) i roto i te hiko DC, he mea tino morearea tēnei nā te mea he uaua ake te tineia o te mura hiko DC i te hiko AC.
8. Kia tika te whakapiko i te hononga, kaua e whakamahi i tētahi rawhi noa iho.
He mea nui ake te kounga o te hononga i te waitohu o te taura. Mō ngā hononga PV:
– Whakamahia he kūmau kume motuhake e ai ki te momo pine hononga.
– Kia mau te piko, kia kore e ngāwari te wetewete, ā, kia kore hoki e whati te ara iahiko.
– Kaua e "tūhonohono" te hononga ki te kore e tūtohutia, i te mea ka pakaru pea te tūhonohono nā te huringa wera-mātao, ā, ka nui ake te ātete.
– Kia tino rite te roa o te rīpene taura ki te paerewa hononga.
Ko te hononga kino e tohu ana i te wera nui o te hononga i raro i te kawenga nui, i te rerekētanga rānei o te tae e kitea ana nā te wera.
9. Kia tūpato ki te whakahaere taura: kia ma, kia tiakina, kaua e kukū.
Ka pāngia hoki te pakari o ngā taura me ngā hononga e te tikanga tāutanga:
– Āta karohia ngā taura e iri ana, ka mirimirihia e te hau.
– Whakamahia ngā here taura ātete-UV, ngā here taura o waho rānei.
– Whakatakotoria he koropiko/takahuri maturuturu kia kore ai te wai e rere ki roto i te hononga.
– Āta karohia ngā piko koi me te tōia nui o te hononga.
– Puritia ngā taura kia matara atu i ngā taha koi o te anga; whakamahia he parenga (wai/paipa) mēnā e tika ana.
Ka taea e te whakahaere taura koretake te kino i te koti, te urunga o te wai, me te tere ake o te waikura.
10. Kaua e wareware ki te tiakitanga: ngā fiusi, ngā breakers, me te grounding.
Ahakoa ko ngā taura me ngā hononga te arotahi, ka āwhina te tiaki pūnaha ki te ārai i ngā āhuatanga e tere ai te pirau o ngā taura:
– Mā te whakamahi i tētahi fiusi/wāwāhi ara iahiko e tika ana ka ārai i te taura kei kawe i te iahiko ki tua atu i tōna kaha.
– Mā te whakatakoto whenua me te ārai uira (mō ngā wāhi ngoikore) ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā ngaru hiko.
– Mā te pouaka whakakotahi pai ka noho haumaru ake, ka noho ma ake hoki ngā hononga.
Ahakoa ngā taura pai rawa atu, ka taea te pakaru mēnā ka tukuna kia mahi ki tua atu i tō rātou whakatauranga nā te kore o te tiakitanga.
11. Tirohia ngā tiwhikete me ngā whakaritenga hangarau, kaua ko te āhua anake.
I mua i te hoko, rapua ngā mōhiohio pēnei i:
– taura PV paerewa (hei tauira, PV1-F, he rite rānei).
– Ngā whakatauranga o te ngaohiko me te iahiko.
– Te whānuitanga pāmahana mahi.
– Taumata tiaki hononga (whakatauranga IP).
– E taunakitia ana mō te whakamahinga o waho/ātete ki ngā hihi UV.
Ko ngā hua kounga teitei e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā taipitopito hangarau ki runga i te takai, te pepa raraunga, me ngā tohu kei runga i ngā taura/hononga.
12. Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro auau kia mau tonu ai te roa o te wā e whakamahia ana.
Hei whakarite kia mau tonu te pakari o ngā taura me ngā hononga:
– Tirohia mēnā he pakaru kei roto i te koti taura, inā koa i ngā wāhi e whiti ana te rā.
– Tirohia te hononga mēnā he wetekina, he waikura, he tohu wera rānei.
– Kia tino kaha tonu ngā here me ngā here, ā, kia kaua e pakarukaru.
– Horoia te puehu matotoru e pupuri ana i te wera.
Mā te tirotiro noa i te tau kotahi ka ārai i ngā raruraru nui a muri ake nei.
Te Katinga
Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā taura me ngā hononga pakari mō tō pūnaha PV rā ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri i te rahi "tika" anake, engari me te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā wāhanga katoa ngā whakaritenga PV: te ātete ki te UV, te ātete ki te huarere, te whakatauranga ngaohiko DC e tika ana, ngā kaiārahi kounga, ngā hononga hototahi, me te tāutanga me te whakapiko tika. Mā te aro nui ki ngā taipitopito, ka haumaru ake, ka whai hua ake, ka pumau ake hoki tō pūnaha PV rā mō te wā roa.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi rārangi arowhai hokohoko taura/hononga i runga i te kaha o tō pūnaha (hei tauira, 1 kWp, 3 kWp, 5 kWp), te momo kaiwhakahaere/hurihuri, te ngaohiko pākahiko, me te roa o te rere o te taura.
