Ngā mita hiko mō ngā pūnaha panera rā: He aratohu taketake
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te whakamahinga o ngā panera hiko o runga o te tuanui (PLTS) nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā pire hiko, te whakanui ake i te mana motuhake o te pūngao, me te tautoko i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hiko. Heoi, kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha panera hiko, kia mau tonu ai ngā tataunga tika, kotahi te wāhanga e warewarehia ana engari he mea nui: ko te mita hiko. Ehara te mita i te taputapu e tuhi ana i te whakamahinga; ko te "piriti" i waenga i te pūngao e pau ana i a koe, te pūngao i hangaia e ngā panera hiko, me—mēnā ka honoa ki te whatunga hiko—te pūngao i kaweakehia, i kawemaihia rānei mai i te kamupene hiko.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā kaupapa matua o ngā mita hiko mō ngā pūnaha papa rā: ōna momo, te āhua o te mahi, ngā tūranga tāutanga, me ngā mea hei aro atu māu i mua i te tāutanga o tētahi papa rā.
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1. Te tūranga o ngā mita hiko i roto i ngā pūnaha papa rā
I roto i tētahi kāinga, i tētahi whare rānei kāore he panera rā, kotahi noa te mea e tuhia ana e te mita hiko: ko te hiko e tangohia ana e koe mai i te whatunga hiko (kWh). Kia tāutahia ngā panera rā, ka rua ngā ara o te rere o te pūngao:
1. Ka whakaputa hiko ngā panera rā (mā te inverter).
2. Ka whakamahia tika te hiko e ngā kawenga o te whare (ka pau i a ia anō).
3. Mena he nui ake te whakaputanga i te kai, ka taea e te pūngao nui te:
– kua rongoatia ki roto i te pākahiko (mēnā kei roto), rānei
– ka tukuna ki te whatunga (herea ki te whatunga), i runga i te kaupapa me ngā ture e tika ana.
4. Mena he iti iho te whakaputanga, ka tangohia te hapa mai i te whatunga.
Nō reira, ka taea e te mita o te pūnaha panera rā te mahi ki:
– te ine i ngā kawemai pūngao mai i te PLN/whatunga hiko,
– te ine i te kaweake pūngao ki te whatunga,
– te ine i te whakapaunga katoa i te taha o te kiritaki,
– te ine i te hanga o te papa rā (ine i te whakaputanga),
– te whakarato raraunga hei aroturuki me te tātari.
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2. Ngā momo mita hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana
a) Mita kotahi-ara (kawemai anake)
He momo mita tuku iho tēnei e ine ana i te pūngao e tomo ana ki te kāinga anake. I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko, kāore ngā mita kotahi-ara i te pai mō ngā kaupapa kaweake pūngao nā te mea kāore i hangaia hei tuhi i te rere whakahoki (kaweake). I runga i te tauira, ka taea e te mita te:
– ka tatau tonu i ngā kawemai (kāore e titiro ki ngā kaweake), rānei
– te tūponotanga o te hē o te tuhi mena ka hoki whakamuri te rere (koinei te take e hiahiatia ai e ngā ratonga ētahi mita).
b) Mita ara-rua (inenga taha-rua/kupenga)
Ka taea e ngā mita ara-rua te tuhi:
– kawemai kWh (mai i te whatunga hiko ki te kiritaki)
– kaweake kWh (mai i te kiritaki ki te whatunga hiko)
I ētahi kaupapa, ka tatauhia te utu mā te tango i ngā kaweake mai i ngā kawemai (kupenga), mā te whakamahi rānei i tētahi tikanga nama/utu motuhake. Ko ngā mita rua-ara ngā taputapu tino noa i roto i ngā whakaurunga hiko pūngao rā ture, hono-pūngao ki runga i te tuanui.
c) Mita kaweake motuhake
I ētahi hoahoa, i ētahi ture rānei, ka tuhia ngā kaweake pūngao mā tētahi mita motuhake (hei tāpiri atu ki te mita kawemai). Ko te whāinga o tēnei he whakapai ake i te pupuri tuhinga, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa utu whāngai, ngā hoko hiko rānei e ngā ratonga hiko.
d) Mita-iti / mita aroturuki ā-roto
Haunga ngā mita ratonga, he maha ngā kaipupuri hiko o te rā e tāuta ana i ētahi atu mita hei aroturuki taipitopito, hei tauira:
– te mita whakaputa i te taha putanga AC o te inverter,
– te mita kai kāinga i runga i te papa matua,
– pūoko iahiko (rawhi CT) i runga i tētahi raina motuhake.
Ko ngā raraunga mai i tēnei mita-iti ka whakaaturia i roto i te taupānga inverter, i te tūāpapa aroturuki pūngao rānei.
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3. Kia mārama ki ngā kupu: kawemai, kaweake, me te kupenga
Hei karo i te whakapoauau i te pānui i ngā pūrongo, i ngā tono aroturuki rānei, kia mārama ki ēnei kupu e toru:
– Kawemai: te pūngao ka tangohia e koe mai i te whatunga ina iti iho te hanga PV i te kawenga.
– Kaweake: te kaha taikaha mai i te PV (te pākahiko rānei) e rere ana ki te whatunga hiko.
– Kupenga: Te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake i roto i tētahi wā motuhake. I roto i ētahi kaupapa, koinei te mea e whai pānga ana ki te tatau utu, engari he rerekē ngā ture i ia whenua/rohe.
Tauira māmā:
– I roto i te kotahi marama ka kawemai koe i te 300 kWh, ka kaweake hoki i te 120 kWh.
– Ko te "kupenga" he 180 kWh. Heoi, ko te pire whakamutunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaupapa taripa, ngā utu pumau, te GST, me ngā ture utu.
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4. Kei hea te mita e tāutahia ana i roto i te pūnaha panera rā?
I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ngā pūwāhi ine:
1. Mita ratonga i te pūwāhi hononga (hononga whatunga / mita kWh PLN)
– Kei waho o te whare, kei runga rānei i te pane mita i te nuinga o te wā.
– Tuhia ngā kawemai/kaweake e ai ki te momo mita.
2. Mita whakaputa (mita whakaputa)
– Kua tāutahia ki te raina putanga inverter (taha AC) ki te papa tohatoha.
– Inehia te pūngao katoa e whakaputaina ana e te tipu hiko o te rā (whakaputa kWh).
3. Mita utaina/whakamahinga
– Kua tāuta ki te raina tuku ki te kawenga matua.
– Ine i te whakapaunga katoa o te whare.
Mā tēnei huinga o ngā tohu, ka taea e koe te kite i te ōrau o te pūngao PV e whakamahia tika ana, te nui e kaweake ana, me te wā e tino moumou ana tō whare.
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5. Momo mita me te pūnaha: I runga i te whatunga, ranu, waho o te whatunga
a) Pūnaha ā-ipurangi (kāore he pākahiko)
– Arotahi ine: kawemai me te kaweake whatunga.
– He mea nui ngā mita ara-rua.
– Mena kāore e whakaaetia te kaweake (kore kaweake), me whakamahi te inverter + te mita/CT hei whakahaere i te rere whakamuri ki te whatunga hiko.
b) Pūnaha ranu (me te pākahiko)
– He uaua ake ngā rerenga pūngao: PV → kawenga, PV → pākahiko, pākahiko → kawenga, pākahiko → kaweake (mēnā ka whakaaetia).
– Mā ngā mita aroturuki ka āwhina i te whakatakoto rautaki: te whakarite i te whakapaunga-ake, te heu i te wā tino wera, te tārua rānei.
– I roto i ētahi kaitahuri ranu, he mea nui te mita/CT kia mōhio ai te kaitahuri āhea te utu/whakakore hiko.
c) Pūnaha kore-whatunga (kāore he whatunga)
– Kāore he pānga o ngā mita ratonga nā te mea kāore he kawemai/kaweake.
– He pai ngā mita whakaputa me te mita whakapaunga mō te whakahaere pūngao: me te whakarite kia kore te pākahiko e mimiti pinepine, kia rawaka hoki te kaha o te PV.
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6. Te tika me ngā paerewa: he aha i hiranga ai?
Ko ngā mita e whakamahia ana mō te utu he paerewa tika motuhake me te akomanga (hei tauira, te Akomanga 1, pai ake rānei), he hiri, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ratonga. Mō ngā mita iti o roto, he mea nui hoki te tika kia kore ai e whakapohehe i tō tātaritanga—hei tauira, i te wā e tatau ana i ngā penapena, e aromatawai ana rānei i te mahi a te rōpū.
Haunga te tika, me aro ki:
– te whakatauranga o te au/ngaohiko e ai ki te mana kirimana me te whirihoranga wāhanga 1/wāhanga 3,
– te hototahitanga ki te CT (te whakawhiti iahiko) mēnā e hiahiatia ana,
– tautoko whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (RS485/Modbus, Wi-Fi, Zigbee) mō te aroturuki i te whakaurunga.
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7. Kāore e whakaaetia te kaweake, te kaweake rānei
Kāore e whakaaetia ana te kaweake hiko e ngā rohe katoa, e ngā kirimana rānei. I roto i tētahi kaupapa kaweake-kore, me whakarite te pūnaha kia kore he pūngao e rere ki te whatunga hiko. Ko te tikanga ka tutuki tēnei mā te:
– Pūoko CT i te pūwāhi hononga,
– ngā kaitahuri he āhuatanga here kaweake kei a rātou,
– ngā tautuhinga whakahaere e whakarerekē ana i te putanga inverter.
I roto i te kaupapa kaweake e whakaaetia ana, ka tuhia e te mita ara-rua te pūngao kaweake, ā, ka whai te tikanga utu i ngā kaupapa here ā-rohe.
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8. He aha ngā mea me tirotiro e koe i mua i te tāutanga?
I mua i te tāutanga o tētahi tipu hiko o te rā me ngā mita e pā ana, whakaarohia te rārangi arowhai e whai ake nei:
1. Momo hononga hiko: 1-wāhanga, 3-wāhanga rānei? Ka pā tēnei ki te momo mita me te hoahoa o te inverter.
2. Ngā ture whakahaere: e whakaaetia ana ngā kaweake? He mea whakahau kia whakamahia ngā mita e rua ngā huarahi? He tikanga tirotiro kei reira?
3. Te kaha o te hiko: kia rite te whakatauranga mita/CT ki te iahiko mōrahi.
4. Ngā hiahia aroturuki: he "whakahaere me te tiaki" noa iho tāu e hiahia ana, he raraunga taipitopito rānei mō ia hāora?
5. Te whakatakotoranga me te haumarutanga: me ngāwari te uru atu ki te mita me te panera mō te tirotiro, me tiakina mai i te huarere (mēnā kei waho), ā, me tāuta pai ki roto i tētahi pouaka panera paerewa.
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9. Te pānui i ngā raraunga mita me ngā tono aroturuki
Kei te pōhēhē ētahi o ngā kaipupuri tipu hiko o te rā nā te mea kāore ngā raraunga tono inverter e ōrite ana ki ngā pānui mita ratonga. Tērā pea nā ēnei:
– ngā pūwāhi ine rerekē (ngā mita whaipainga i runga i te whatunga, ngā tono e whakamahi ana i ngā mita whakaputa),
– te whakaawhiwhi raraunga mō ia wā,
– te rerekētanga o te wā tuhi,
– ngā mate hangarau (ngā taura, ngā kaitahuri, ngā whakawhiti).
Mō te aromatawai tika:
– whakamahia ngā mita whaipainga hei tohutoro matua mō te kawemai/kaweake,
– te whakamahi i ngā mita whakaputa hei aromatawai i te mahi PV,
– whakatairite i ngā au o ia marama, kaua ko ngā tau o ia rā anake.
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10. Whakamutunga
He wāhanga matua te mita hiko i roto i te pūnaha panera rā—ehara i te mea mō te utu anake, engari mō te whakarite hoki kei te whakahaerehia te pūnaha i runga i te ture, i te haumaru, me te whai hua. Mō ngā pūnaha kei runga i te whatunga hiko, he mea nui te mita e rua-ara hei whakarite kia mārama ngā tuhinga kawemai me te kaweake. I taua wā, ka āwhina ngā mita iti whakaputa me te kai i a koe ki te mārama ki ngā tauira whakamahinga, ki te arotau i te whakapaunga-ake, me te tatau i ngā penapena kia tino pono.
Mena kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi tipu hiko pūngao rā (PLTS), kia tino kōrero koe ki te kaiwhakauru mō te momo mita e hiahiatia ana, te wāhi tāutanga, me ngā ture ā-rohe. Mā te ine tika, ka mārama ake tō haumitanga ki te papahiko rā, ka taea te ine, ā, ka puta he hua tino pai.
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Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia rite ki te horopaki o Initonīhia (hei tauira, te kupu mita "EXIM", ngā kaupapa kaweake-kawemai e tika ana, me ngā tauira tātaitanga nama) ka taea rānei e au te hanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake mō ngā kaiwhakauru.
