Te Tāuta Tika i ngā Hanganga Anga o te Paewhiri Rā mō te Mahi Tino Pai
Ehara i te mea ko te whakanoho noa i ngā kōwae ki runga i te tuanui me te hono atu ki tētahi kaitahuri hiko te whakaurunga o ngā panera rā. Ko te hanganga whakairi tika te mea nui ki te mahi pai me te roa o te pūnaha. Mā te hanganga whakairi pakari me te tika ka whakarite kia tino pai te tūnga o ngā panera ki te hopu i te rā, ki te tu atu i te hau me te ua, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kino mō te wā roa. Ka kapi tēnei tuhinga i ngā mahi nui mō te tāuta tika i tētahi hanganga whakairi panera rā, mai i te whakamahere ki te tirotiro whakamutunga.
1. Te Hiranga o te Hanganga Anga i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hiko o te Rā
Ko te hanganga anga te mahi hei "wheua" e pupuri ana i ngā waeine panera rā ki te tūranga tika. Ka taea e te anga hē te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui pērā i te nekehanga o te panera, te wetewete o ngā pūtu, te turuturu pea o te tuanui, te waikura, tae atu ki te hekenga o te pai o te mahi nā te koretake o te honga me te whakatakotoranga o te panera. Ka āwhina hoki te anga tika ki te pupuri i te rere o te hau i raro i ngā panera, ka whakaheke i te pāmahana o te waera. I te wera haere o ngā panera, ka heke te pai o te mahi, nō reira ka pāngia hoki te whakaputanga pūngao e te hauhautanga taiao o te hoahoa anga.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko ngā anga paerewa he mea hanga kia tu atu i ngā kawenga hau (te hiki) me ngā kawenga pumau (te taumaha o ngā panera, ngā rēri, me ngā kawenga tāpiri pea pērā i te wai ua, te puehu rānei). Nō reira, me āta whakaaro ki te whiriwhiri rauemi, ngā tikanga whakapiri, me te tahora o ngā pūwāhi tautoko.
2. Te Whakamahere: Tirohia te Tauwāhi, te Aronga, me te Piko
He mea nui te whakamahere i mua i te whakamahinga o te wiri, te kī rānei. E toru ngā āhuatanga matua:
Aronga (azimuth): I Initonīhia (ngā rohe pārūrū), ko te nuinga o ngā panera e anga ana ki te raki, ki te tonga rānei, i runga i te wāhi (latitude). Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te aronga e tata atu ana ki te ekueta te mea e pai ake ana. Hei tino mōhio, whakamahia ngā raraunga tūranga rā ā-rohe, whakapā atu rānei ki tētahi kaiwhakauru mohio mō tō hoahoa.
Te piko: Ka pā te pari ki te kaha o te tau me te kaha o te panera ki te horoi i a ia anō i te wā ua. Mā te pari mārie rawa ka taea te kohikohi i te paru. Tērā pea ka kore e whai hua te kaha o te pari, ā, ka nui ake ngā kawenga hau. Mō ngā tuanui piko, ko te pari te tikanga e whai ana i te tuanui; mō ngā tuanui papatahi, ka whakamahia ngā whāriki piko hei hanga koki.
Te Ārai: Kia tūpato ki ngā atarangi mai i ngā auahi, i ngā pakitara parapet, i ngā pūihi, i ngā rākau, i ngā whare e karapoti ana rānei. Ahakoa he atarangi iti i ētahi wā o te rā ka taea te whakaiti i te hua, inā koa i ngā pūnaha aho kāore he arotau. Nō reira, whakaritea te tahora o tō anga me tō panera kia kore ai e maha ngā wāhi e āraitia ana.
3. Te Kōwhiri i te Momo Anga Tika
I te nuinga o te wā, ka wehea te hanganga anga o te papa rā ki ētahi momo:
1. Anga tuanui mō te tuanui tāera/whakarewa (whakapiri tuanui): Ka whakamahia he reera me ngā matau konumohe (ngā matau tuanui) he rawhi motuhake rānei mō ngā tuanui whakarewa.
2. Ngā tuanui papatahi (he ārai, he werohanga rānei): Ka whakamahia e ngā tuanui he ārai he taumaha raima hei karo i te poka o te tuanui, engari me tatau te kawenga. Ka whakamahia e ngā tuanui werohanga he punga ki te hanganga o te tuanui.
3. Te whakamau i te whenua: Ka tāuta ki te whenua me te turanga raima, te pou rānei e akiakihia ana; he ngāwari ake te whakatakoto me te tiaki, engari me whai whenua.
4. Te whakairinga o te taupee waka: Anga me te tuanui; he pai mō te wāhi waka, engari me whai tātaitanga hanganga matatau ake.
Ko ngā rauemi o te anga he konumohe (he māmā, he ātete ki te waikura) me te maitai pīni (he kaha, he pai mō te whakamau ki te whenua). Me whakarite kia pai te ārai waikura o ngā wāhanga, inā koa mō ngā takutai moana he nui te tote.
4. Whakatauhia te Pūwāhi Tautoko, ā, Kia Mau tonu te Kaha o te Tuanui
Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te tāuta i te anga tuanui me te kore e mārama ki te hanganga o te tuanui. Ko te mea pai, me hono ngā pūwāhi tautoko ki ngā wāhanga hanganga pēnei i ngā anga tuanui, ngā purlin, ngā kurupae rānei i hangaia hei tautoko i te kawenga. Kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te uhi tuanui (ngā taera, ngā spandek angiangi) hei tautoko matua.
Mō ngā tuanui whakarewa, whakamahia ngā rawhi e rite ana ki te āhua o te tuanui (he hononga tū, he trapezoidal) hei tohatoha tika i te kawenga, hei whakaiti hoki i te tūponotanga o ngā turuturu. Mō ngā tuanui tāera, me tāuta ngā matau tuanui hei ārai i te pakaru me te tuku i te whānui. Mō ngā tuanui papatahi, me whakarite kia noho te kawenga katoa (panel + truss + ballast, mēnā he mea) i roto i ngā rohe haumaru hanganga.
Mēnā he ruarua koe, he mea tino taunaki kia arotakehia e tētahi miihini ā-iwi, e tētahi rānei e mōhio ana ki te kaha o te hanganga whare—ina koa mō ngā whakaurunga kaha nui.
5. Ngā Tikanga Tāutanga Reriwe me te Paepae Tika
Ko te tāutanga o te rēri te taahiraa matua. Me tika, me whakarara, me te wehe i ngā rēri kia rite ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga o te panera. Ētahi kōrero nui:
– Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā rēra e whai ana i ngā pūwāhi rawhi i runga i te waeine panera. Mēnā he tata rawa te rawhi ki waenganui, ka piko pea te panera; ki te tata rawa ki ngā taha me te kore e whakatikatikahia, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te ngatata.
– Whakamahia he tauine hei whakarite kia taurite ngā reera. Mēnā kāore i te ōrite ngā reera, ka takahuri pea ngā panera, ā, ka kino pea te anga.
– Whakaarohia te whakawhanuitanga wera: Ka whakawhanuitia te konumohe ina werahia. Kei ētahi pūnaha reriwe ngā hononga whakawhanui, ngā tikanga whakamau rānei e whakauru ana i tēnei whakawhanuitanga hei ārai i te anga kei "pēhi" me te piko i muri mai.
Whakakīia ngā pūtu ki te taipana kua tūtohutia e te kaihanga (mā te whakamahi i te kī taipana mēnā ka taea). Ka taea e ngā pūtu he tino piri rawa te pakaru i ngā miro, i te rawhi rānei, engari ko ngā pūtu he tino wetekina ka ngāwari te wetekina nā te wiri o te hau.
6. Te Ārai i te Tūtaki (I runga i te tuanui anake)
Mō ngā whakaurunga e uru ana ki te tuanui, he mea nui te ārai i te turuturu. Whakamahia te pūnaha hiri me te pūnaha kanapa tika mō te momo tuanui o tō tuanui. He maha ngā turuturu ehara i te mea nā ngā kōhao tonu, engari nā te whakaurunga hiri poke, nā te hiri rānei kāore e hototahi ki te rauemi tuanui.
Ngā tikanga pai whānui:
– Horoia te wāhi werohanga i te puehu, te hinu me te waikura i mua i te paninga o te hiri.
– Whakamahia ngā mīhini horoi rapa/EPDM kounga teitei.
– Kia tino rere te wai ua mai i te pūwāhi werohanga, kaua e pupū.
I muri i te tāutanga, mēnā ka taea, whakamātauria he wai hei whakarite kāore he turuturu.
7. Te Whakatakotoranga Whenua me te Parenga Waikura
Me whakapūmau te hanganga anga ki te whenua kia rite ki ngā paerewa haumaru hiko. Mā tēnei ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ru hiko, ā, ka ārai hoki i te uira/te au o te hapa. Whakamahia ngā ara iahiko whakapūmau i te rahi e tika ana, ngā topenga whakapūmau e hototahi ana ki te rēriwe, me ngā hononga ātete-waikura.
Hei ārai i te waikura:
– Āraia te pā tika i waenga i ngā konganuku rerekē e rua e whakaoho ana i te waikura konukōre (hei tauira, te maitai me te konumohe) kāore he ārai wera.
– Whakamahia ngā pūtu maitai kore waikura e tika ana, me te whakarite kia ōrite ngā wāhanga o waho ki te taiao o te rohe.
8. Kia mau tonu te hauhautanga me te urunga ki te maimoatanga
Mā te anga pai ka nui te āputa i waenga i ngā panera me te mata o te tuanui kia pai ai te rere o te hau. Haunga te āwhina i te whakamatao, ka āwhina hoki tēnei āputa i te horoi me te tirotiro taura. Ko te mea pai, me nui te wāhi hei tirotiro i ngā here, ngā hononga rēri, me te ara taura me te kore e wetewete i ngā panera.
Me whakarite hoki he ara haumaru mō ngā tohunga hangarau, inā koa i runga i ngā tuanui teitei. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga haumaru pēnei i ngā punga, ngā taura ora, me ngā turanga hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā aituā i te wāhi mahi.
9. Tirotiro Whakamutunga: Rārangi Arowhai i mua i te Whakahaere i te Pūnaha
I mua i te whakakānga o te panera, me te whakaputa hiko a te pūnaha, tirohia te anga:
1. Ka whakapikohia ngā rawhi me ngā pūtu katoa ki ngā uara tika.
2. He tika ngā rēra, ā, kāore he kōwae piko.
3. Kāore he taha koi e kino ai te taura.
4. He ma ngā putanga katoa o te tuanui, ā, kua tirohia ngā turuturu pea.
5. Kua honoa tika te whenua o te anga.
6. Kāore he atarangi matua i ngā hāora whakaputa matua.
7. He rawaka te tawhiti i waenga i ngā panera mō te whānui me te rere o te wai.
Mā te mahi i ēnei arowhai ka āwhina i te karo i te hekenga o te mahi, i ngā utu whakatika rānei ā muri ake nei.
Te Katinga
He haumitanga ki te mahi tino pai me te roa o te ora te tāutanga tika o te anga o te papa rā. Mā te whakamahere i te aronga tika me te pari, te whiriwhiri i te momo anga e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te tuanui, o te papa rānei, te tāutanga tika o te rēri, me te aro ki ngā turuturu, te whenua, me te waikura, ka pai ake te mahi a tō pūnaha PV papa rā, ka pumau ake, ka haumaru ake hoki. Mena he nui tō kaupapa, he uaua rānei te hanganga, he mahi whakaaro nui te utu i tētahi kaiwhakauru ngaio me te mahi i ngā tātaitanga hanganga hei whakarite kia kore e whakaputa hiko anake ō papa rā, engari kia noho haumaru, kia pono hoki mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.
