Ko te momo pākahiko pai rawa atu mō te rokiroki pūngao o te rā
Ko te rokiroki pūngao te ngākau o tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā, inā koa mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te pupuri i te hiko i te pō, i te wā kapua, i te wā rānei e motu ana te hiko. Ka whakaputa hiko ngā panera rā i te awatea, engari he maha ngā wā ka rere tonu ngā hiahia hiko o te whare, o te pakihi rānei, 24/7. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai ngā pākahiko: te penapena i te hiko nui hei whakamahi anō ina hiahiatia. Heoi, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiriwhiri i tētahi pākahiko pērā i te kimi i te kaha nui rawa atu. Me whakaaro koe ki te roa o te ora, te whai huatanga, te haumaru, te utu, me te hototahi ki tō inverter me ngā tauira whakapaunga pūngao. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo pākahiko pai rawa atu mō te rokiroki pūngao o te rā, me ō rātou painga, ngoikoretanga, me ngā whakamahinga kua tūtohutia.
1) Ngā pākahiko Rino Phosphate Lithium (LiFePO4/LFP) – te kōwhiringa tino taurite
I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho ko LiFePO4 (e whakarāpopototia ana ko LFP) hei tētahi o ngā kōwhiringa rongonui mō ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā, mō ngā whare noho me ngā pākahiko māmā. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pākahiko "lithium-ion" o mua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu pūkoro, ka tukuna e te LFP he haumaru wera ake, he pumau matū teitei, me te roa o te huringa.
Ngā painga o te LFP:
– Te roa o te huringa: ka taea te tae atu ki ngā mano o ngā huringa utu-tuku (i runga i te hohonutanga o te tukunga/DoD me te kounga o te BMS).
– Haumarutanga teitei ake: he ātete ake ki ngā mōrearea wera nui atu i ētahi atu matū konukōreiti.
– Te tino whai hua: he iti noa te ngaronga pūngao i te wā e tukuna ana te utu.
– Teitei te āheinga DoD: he maha ngā pūnaha LFP kua hangaia mō te whakamahinga DoD teitei, me te kore e tere rawa te pirau.
Ngā ngoikoretanga o te LFP:
– He nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ahakoa he iti ake te utu mō ia huringa.
– Me whai BMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko) pai kia haumaru ai, kia roa ai hoki.
– Tērā pea ka heke te mahi i ngā pāmahana tino makariri (ina koa i te wā e utu ana), ahakoa mō te āhuarangi o Initonīhia ehara tēnei i te raruraru nui.
He pai mō: ngā kāinga he pumau te hiahia hiko o ia rā, ngā pūnaha ranu (kei runga i te whatunga me te pākahiko), kei waho o te whatunga, me ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki ngā haumitanga roa me te iti o te tiaki.
2) Ngā pākahiko lithium-ion NMC/NCA – he nui te kaha, engari me whakahaere tika
Ko ētahi atu momo pākahiko lithium-ion e kitea whānuitia ana ko te NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) me te NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) rānei. E mōhiotia ana ēnei matū mō te nui o te pūngao, e āhei ai te tākai i ngā kaha nui ki te rahi kiato ake.
Ngā Painga o te NMC/NCA:
– Kiko pūngao: he iti ake mō te kaha ōrite.
– He pai te mahi mana i te nuinga o te wā (ka taea te tuku iahiko nui).
Ngā huakore o te NMC/NCA:
– He uaua ake te pumau o te wera i te LFP, nō reira me kounga teitei te hoahoa o te pūnaha me te BMS.
– Ka nui ake pea ngā utu, ā, ka karohia e ētahi tāngata tēnei utu nā te mea he take kei roto i te mekameka tuku o ētahi rauemi (hei tauira, te konukōrete) te oranga tonutanga.
He pai mō: ngā whakaurunga he iti te wāhi me ngā whakaritenga hoahoa kiato, ngā pūnaha rānei e hiahia ana ki te mana nui mō tētahi wā poto, engari me whakamahi ngā hua kounga me te tiakitanga katoa.
3) Ngā Pūhiko Waikawa-Mata – he iti te utu i te tīmatanga, engari he poto ake te roa o te ora
He hangarau pākahiko tawhito te waikawa mata, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā o mua. E rua ngā momo e kitea whānuitia ana: te waikawa waipuke (māku) me te waikawa mata VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid), kei roto ko te AGM me te tiēre.
Ngā painga o te waikawa mata:
– He iti te utu i te tīmatanga, ā, he ngāwari ki te kimi.
– Hangarau pakari, he maha ngā tohunga hangarau kua mōhiotia.
– Mō ētahi tono māmā noa iho, ka rawaka pea.
Ngā huakore o te waikawa mata:
– He poto ake te roa o te huringa, inā koa mēnā he maha ngā wā ka whakawāteahia (he nui te DoD).
– He iti ake te whai huatanga i te konukōreiti, he taumaha ake, he nui ake hoki te wāhi e pau ana.
– Ko te momo waipuke me tiaki (tirohia te wai pākahiko, te hau hau), ko te VRLA ia he whai hua ake engari he herenga huringa tonu.
He pai mō: ngā tahua iti rawa, ngā pūnaha tārua kāore i te whakamahia pinepine, ngā kaupapa rangitahi rānei. Heoi, mō te whakamahinga nui o ia rā, ka nui ake pea te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere nā te hiahia kia tere ake te whakakapinga.
4) Ngā Pūhiko Tote (Konutai-ion / Konutai-i runga) – he huarahi kē atu e tīmata ana te rongonui
Kei te piki haere te aro ki te konutai-ion hei huarahi kē atu i te konutai nā te nui o tōna kaha me te iti o ngā utu i runga i te tauine nui. Ahakoa kāore anō kia tino pumau te pūnaha rauropi pērā i te konutai, kei te tīmata ētahi kaihanga ki te whakauru i ngā hua mō te rokiroki pūngao.
Ngā painga o te katote konutai:
– Te tūponotanga o te hekenga o ngā utu ā muri ake nei nā te nui haere o ngā rauemi mata.
– I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka tino pai te mahi pāmahana iti (i runga i te hoahoa).
Te korenga o te konutai-ion:
– Tērā pea he iti noa te wātea o ngā hua me te tautoko hangarau i ētahi mākete.
– Kāore i te rite te nui o ngā raraunga mō te roa o te ora o te ratonga i te mara ki te LFP.
He pai mō: te hunga e whakamahi wawe ana, te hunga rānei e whai wāhi atu ana ki ngā hua pono me ngā pūtāhui mārama me te tautoko muri i te hoko.
5) Pūhiko Rere (Pūhiko Rere Vanadium Redox) – he pai rawa atu mō te tauine nui
Ka mahi ngā pākahiko rere mā te penapena pūngao i roto i te irahiko wai ka papua mā roto i ngā pūtau. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia tēnei hangarau i runga i te tauine arumoni/ahumahi, i te tauine ratonga rānei, kaua mō te whakamahinga kāinga, nā te rahi me te uaua o te pūnaha.
Ngā painga o ngā pākahiko rere:
– He roa rawa te ora o te huringa, ā, he iti noa te pirau.
– Ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha o te pūngao mā te whakanui ake i te tāke irahiko.
– He pai mō te rokiroki roa (ngā hāora) i runga i te tauine nui.
Ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā pākahiko rere:
– He nui te haumitanga tuatahi, he nui te tāutanga, ā, e hiahiatia ana he wāhi.
– Kāore i te whai hua mō tētahi whare noho noa.
He pai mō: ngā wheketere, ngā ratonga hiko, ngā whatunga hiko iti, me te rokiroki pūngao hapori.
He aha te mea e "pai" ai te pākahiko mō te hiko o te rā?
Ko te kupu "pai rawa atu" e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō hiahia. Anei ngā tawhā hei whakataurite māu:
1. Te kaha (kWh) me te mana (kW)
Ko te kaha e whakatau ana i te roa o te wā e taea ai e te pākahiko te whakarato i te kawenga, ko te mana ia e whakatau ana mēnā ka taea e te pākahiko te whakakaha i ngā kawenga nunui (hei tauira, ngā papu, ngā hauhautanga, ngā oumu hiko).
2. Te Hōhonutanga o te Tukunga (DoD)
He haumaru te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko lithium (ina koa ko te LFP) i te nuinga o te wā mō te whakamahi i te DoD teitei, engari he roa ake te ora o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata mēnā he iti noa te DoD.
3. Te roa o te huringa me te pūtāhui
Kaua e titiro noa ki te tau o te pūtāhui, engari tirohia hoki ngā tikanga: te maha o ngā huringa, te iti rawa o te kaha e toe ana, me ngā tikanga whakahaere.
4. Te whai huatanga o te haere-hoki
Ka nui ake te whai huatanga, ka iti ake te pūngao e "ngaro" ana i te panera rā ina rongoatia, ina whakamahia anōtia.
5. Haumarutanga me te tiwhikete
Kia aro ki ngā āhuatanga tiaki, te kounga o ngā BMS, me ngā paerewa haumaru e tika ana. He mea nui anō hoki te tāutanga tika (ngā taura, ngā MCB/fius, te hauhautanga, te whenua).
6. Te Utu Katoa o te Mana Whakahaere
He iti te utu o te pākahiko i te tīmatanga, engari ka nui te utu i te mutunga mēnā ka tere te pakaru, ā, ka whakakapia pinepinetia.
Ngā taunakitanga whai hua mō te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi i Initonīhia
Mō te nuinga o ngā whare me ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti e hiahia ana ki te whakanui ake i te kaha o te rā me te pupuri i tētahi pūrua hiko pono, ko te LiFePO4 (LFP) te kōwhiringa tino whai hua nā te mea he pai te haumaru, te roa, te whai hua, me te iti o te tiaki. He mea nui tonu ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata ahakoa he iti te tahua, ā, he iti ake te whakamahinga o te pākahiko. I taua wā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā pākahiko NMC/NCA mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki tētahi pākahiko kiato ake e kaha ana ki te tuku mana nui, mena ka whakamahia e koe ngā hua kounga me te tāuta i aua mea kia rite ki ngā paerewa.
Te Katinga
He whakatau roa te whiriwhiri i tētahi pākahiko mō te rokiroki pūngao rā. Haunga te whakatau i te whakamarie me te mana motuhake o te pūngao, ka pā anō hoki te pākahiko ki ō utu hiko katoa i roto i ngā tau. Mena ko te mea nui ko te taurite pai i waenga i te haumaru, te roa o te ora, me te mahi, ko ngā pākahiko LiFePO4 (LFP) te mea nui rawa atu. Heoi, me whakarite kia tutuki te tataunga kaha i ō hiahia, kia hototahi te kounga o te BMS me te inverter, ā, kia mahia te tāutanga e ngā tohunga hangarau e mōhio ana ki ngā paerewa haumaru o te pūnaha rā.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te tatau i te kaha o tō pākahiko (kWh) i runga i te whakamahinga hiko o ia rā, te rārangi taputapu, me ngā hāora tārua e hiahiatia ana.
