Āhea koe e hiahia ai ki tētahi pākahiko i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā?
He huarahi mohio te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā (PLTS) hei whakaiti i ō pire hiko me te whakaiti i tō whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua. Heoi, ina tīmata te tangata ki te whakaaro ki tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā, ko te pātai e puta ake ana i ngā wā katoa ko: me whakamahi pākahiko ahau? Kāore te whakautu i te "āe" i ngā wā katoa. Ko ngā pākahiko te wāhanga tino utu nui i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā, engari ka taea hoki e rātou te whakarato i ngā painga nui—ina koa mō te pono o te hiko me te motuhake o te pūngao. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te wā e tino hiahiatia ana ngā pākahiko i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko o te rā, te wā he mea whiriwhiri noa iho, me ngā āhuatanga me whakaaro koe i mua i te hoko.
Te mārama ki te tūranga o ngā pākahiko i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā
Ka whakaputa hiko ngā panera rā ina pā mai te rā. I te awatea, ka taea te whakamahi tika i te putanga o te panera hei whakakaha i ngā kawenga o te whare (ngā rama, te hauhautanga, ngā papu wai, me ngā taputapu hiko) ka tukuna rānei ki te whatunga hiko mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi pūnaha whatunga hiko. Ka rongoa e ngā pākahiko te kaha nui mai i ngā panera rā hei whakamahi i te pō, i te wā rānei e heke ana te putanga o te rā, pērā i ngā rā kapua.
I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā pūnaha e whakamahia ana:
1. I runga i te whatunga hiko, kāore he pākahiko: ka whakamahia tika te hiko o te rā, ā, ka taea te tuku atu i te toenga ki te whatunga hiko (mēnā ka whakaaetia). I te pō, ka whakamahia tonutia te hiko PLN.
2. Ranu (i runga i te whatunga + pākahiko): ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao o te rā, te penapena i roto i te pākahiko, me te hono tonu ki te PLN.
3. Kāore he whatunga hiko (kāore he PLN): he pūnaha motuhake e hiahiatia ana he pākahiko (me te nuinga o te wā he miihini hiko tārua).
Mā te mārama ki te kaupapa i runga ake nei, ko te hiahia mō te pākahiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mea matua kotahi: me hiahia hiko koe ina kore ngā panera rā e whakaputa hiko, ina mate rānei te PLN?
1) Me whai pākahiko koe mēnā ka pāngia koe e te motuhanga hiko i ngā wā maha.
Koinei te take tino kaha mō te tāuta i tētahi pākahiko. Ko ngā pūnaha paerewa i runga i te whatunga ka kati i te wā e motu ana te hiko mō ngā take haumaru (ārai i te motu). Ko te tikanga ahakoa kei te whiti te rā, ā, kei te whakaputa hua ngā panera rā, kāore te kaitahuri i runga i te whatunga e tuku hiko ki te kāinga ina mate te whatunga. Ka taea e ngā pākahiko i roto i tētahi pūnaha ranu te whakarato hiko tārua mō ngā kawenga nui, pēnei i:
- mārama,
- pouaka whakamātao,
– Ngā taputapu Wi-Fi me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero,
- papu wai,
– ngā taputapu hauora, ngā taputapu mahi rānei.
Mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e motu ana te hiko i ngā wā katoa, ehara i te mea he tāpiri noa iho ngā pākahiko—he otinga pono hoki. Ka taea e koe te whakarite i ngā kawenga nui kia mau tonu i ngā wā motuhanga hiko, me te kore e hiahia ki te tahuri i te mīhini whakaputa hiko.
2) Me whai pākahiko koe mēnā kei te hiahia koe kia tino motuhake mai i te PLN (kāore rānei he PLN)
Mō ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ngā māra, ngā whare noho i ngā rohe maunga/takutai, ngā rohe kāore he hiko pono, he mea nui ngā pākahiko. He mea tino uaua te hanga pūnaha kore-hiko me te kore he pākahiko nā te mea ka rerekē te hanga o ngā panera, ā, me whai tonu te uta o te kawenga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko, ka taea e koe:
– te whakamahi i te pūngao o te rā i te pō,
– te whakau i te ngaohiko me te pūhiko hiko,
– te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaputa hiko.
I roto i ngā pūnaha kore-whatunga hiko, ka hangaia ngā pākahiko hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao mō ngā haora torutoru ki ngā rā torutoru, i runga i te whāinga mana motuhake (hei tauira, 1–2 rā o te tārua mēnā he kino te rangi).
3) Me whai pākahiko koe mēnā he nui te utu hiko i ētahi wā (wā-whakamahinga)
I roto i ētahi kaupapa utu hiko, he nui ake ngā utu hiko i ngā hāora pīki i ngā hāora noa. I ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko mō te whakawhiti kawenga: ka utua i te awatea (mai i te pūngao rā) i te wā rānei he iti ngā utu hiko, kātahi ka whakamahia i ngā hāora pīki. Ka taea e tēnei te whakanui ake i ngā penapena pūtea.
Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakamahi whānui i ēnei kaupapa utu hiko, he mārama te arorau ōhanga: mēnā he rerekētanga nui kei waenganui i ngā utu hiko i te awatea/pō, i ngā hāora pīki/kāore i te pīki, ka taea e te pākahiko te āwhina i a koe ki te "hoko" i te hiko iti te utu (te penapena rānei i te hiko pūngao rā) hei whakamahi i te wā e nui ake ana te utu.
4) Me whai pākahiko koe mēnā he iti te tuku hiko ki te PLN, he iti rānei te uara.
I ētahi wāhi, kāore te utu mō te kaweake i te hiko o te rā ki te whatunga hiko e rite ana ki te uara o te hiko e hokona ana e koe (he iti noa iho rānei ngā kaweake). Mena kāore e taea te whakaaro he "whakaarohia" te hiko nui mai i ngā panera rā hei whakaiti i tō pire, kātahi ka pai ake te penapena i roto i ngā pākahiko hei whakamahi māu ake.
He tauira māmā noa iho: ki te nui te pūngao e maumauria ana i te awatea nā te mea he takoto kau te whare, ā, he iti te kawenga, ka taea e te pākahiko te whakamahi i taua pūngao i te pō ina hoki mai ngā kainoho ki te kāinga, ā, ka piki ake te whakamahinga. Nō reira, ka piki ake te ōrau o te whakamahinga whaiaro mai i te pūngao o te rā e te pākahiko.
5) Me whai pākahiko koe mēnā ko te pō te wāhi e tino hiahiatia ai e koe te hiko.
He mea nui tō āhua whakamahinga hiko. Mena kei te mahi koe i waho i te awatea, ā, he nui noa te hiko e whakamahia ana e koe i te pō (ngā rama, ngā taputapu hiko o te kīhini, ngā whakangahau, ngā hauhautanga), kāore pea he penapena nui e puta mai i tētahi pūnaha hiko-i-te-rangi kāore he pākahiko nā te mea ka whakaputaina te pūngao o te rā i te wā kāore koe e whakamahi ana.
Ka "whakawhiti" ngā pākahiko i te ao ki te pō. Mena ko tāu whāinga he whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko i te pō, he tino āwhina ngā pākahiko. Heoi, me tino tatau kia tika ai te kaha o te pākahiko, kaua e nui rawa (he utu nui) kaua hoki e iti rawa (he kore e kitea).
6) He whai hua ngā pākahiko mēnā he kawenga nui tāu e kore e mate.
He iti ngā whakapaunga o ētahi whare me ngā pakihi iti:
– Ngā taputapu CCTV me ngā taputapu haumaru,
– ngā tūmau iti, ngā teihana mahi rānei,
– te mīhini rēhita moni,
– he pouaka tio mō ngā hua kai,
– ngā taputapu hauora kāinga.
Ka taea e te pākahiko i roto i te pūnaha ranu te mahi pērā i te UPS tauine kāinga: te pupuri i ngā taputapu kia rere tonu i ngā wā poto o te motuhanga hiko, i ngā wā roa rānei. Ehara i te mea ko te "penapena moni" anake tēnei—engari ko te karo i ngā ngaronga.
Ina kore koe e hiahia ki te pākahiko (ka taea rānei te whakaroa)
Kāore e hiahiatia ana kia hoko pākahiko ngā kaipupuri tipu hiko o te rā katoa mai i te tīmatanga. Ka taea e koe te whakaaro kia kore e whakamahia he pākahiko mēnā:
1. He tino pono te PLN i tō rohe, ā, he onge te motuhanga o te hiko.
2. Ko tāu whāinga matua he whakaiti i tō pire hiko, ehara i te mea he penapena hiko.
3. Te nui o te hiko e whakamahia ana i te awatea (hei tauira, he mahi i te kāinga, he mahi pakihi, he whakamahinga rānei o te hauhautanga i te awatea), kia whakamahia tika ai te pūngao o te rā, me te kore e rongoatia.
4. He iti te tahua, ā, me whakanui rawa e koe te kaha o te panera i te tuatahi.
He tokomaha te hunga e whiriwhiri ana ki te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha hiko ki runga i te whatunga i te tuatahi nā te mea he iti ake ngā utu, ā, he tere ake te hokinga mai o te haumitanga (ROI). Whai muri i te aromatawai i ngā tauira whakamahinga me ngā hiahia, ka taea te tāpiri i ngā pākahiko i muri mai me tētahi pūnaha hiko ranu hototahi.
Ngā āhuatanga nui i mua i te whakatau ki te hoko pākahiko
Hei whakatau tika, whakaarohia ngā mea e whai ake nei:
1. Te auau me te roa o ngā pōuri
Mena he 5–10 meneti noa iho te motuhanga o te hiko i ētahi wā, he rawaka pea he UPS iti. Mena he roa te motuhanga o te hiko mō ngā hāora, he nui ake te whai hua o te pākahiko.
2. Te kaha kawenga nui
Whakarārangihia ngā taputapu me noho tonu i te wā e motu ana te hiko, kātahi ka tatau i tā rātou whakapaunga hiko (Watts) me te roa (hāora). Mai i tēnei, ka taea e koe te whakatau tata i te mana pākahiko e hiahiatia ana e koe (kWh).
3. Kōwhiringa o te hangarau pākahiko
Ko ngā pākahiko lithium (hei tauira, LiFePO4) he ātete ake ki te huringa, he pai ake te mahi, ā, he iti ake te tiaki e hiahiatia ana i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata. Heoi, he nui ake te utu tīmatanga.
4. Wāhi tāutanga me te haumaru
Me whai wāhi haumaru ngā pākahiko, me whai hauhautanga tika (i runga i te momo), me tiaki hiko tika, me te tāutanga e te tohunga hangarau whai tohu.
5. Te utu katoa o te mana pupuri
Kaua e titiro noa ki te utu o te pākahiko. Whakaarohia tōna roanga ora, te maha o ngā huringa, te pūtāhui, te whai huatanga, me ngā whakakapinga pea ā muri ake nei.
Whakamutunga
Me whakamahi pākahiko koe i roto i te pūnaha hiko o te rā ina ko te pono o te hiko, te tū motuhake mai i te kamupene hiko a te kāwanatanga, me/ranei te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o te pūngao o te rā i te pō te mea nui. Ko ngā pākahiko te mea tino whai hua ina he maha ngā wā ka mutu te hiko, he nui ngā kawenga, kāore he hua o te kaweake hiko ki te whatunga hiko, ina rānei ka puta te whakapaunga nui rawa atu i muri i te tōnga o te rā. I tetahi atu taha, ki te pumau te whatunga hiko, ā, ko tāu whāinga he penapena i ngā pire hiko anake, he tino whai hua te pūnaha whatunga hiko kāore he pākahiko.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te tātai i tētahi tātaitanga māmā i runga i tō wāhi (mēnā he maha ngā motuhanga hiko), tō pire hiko toharite, tō kawenga pō e whakatau tata ana, me tētahi rārangi o ngā kawenga nui e hiahia ana koe ki te tārua—kia tino rite ai tō whiringa pākahiko ki ō hiahia me tō tahua.
