Te hoahoa me te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha papu wera whenua
Ko te papu wera whenua (GSP) he hangarau whakamahana me te whakamatao whare e whakamahi ana i te pāmahana pumau o te whenua hei pūtake wera, hei totohu rānei. I roto i te maha o ngā rohe, ka noho pūmau tonu te pāmahana o te whenua i tētahi hohonutanga puta noa i te tau ki te whakataurite ki te hau o waho. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā papu wera whenua te mahi pai ake i ngā pūnaha HVAC tuku iho, inā koa i roto i ngā āhuarangi me ngā rerekētanga o ngā wā. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ō rātou mātāpono whakahaere, ngā kōwhiringa hoahoa, ngā āhuatanga whai hua, me ngā whakaaro mahi hei whakarite i tētahi pūnaha tino whai hua me te pono.
Ko te kaupapa mahi o te papu wera geothermal
Ko te tikanga, he "whakawhiti wera" te papu wera, ehara i te "kaihanga." Ka whakawhiti te pūnaha i te wera mai i te pūtake pāmahana iti ki te pūtake pāmahana teitei ake mā te whakamahi i te kōpeke me te hauhautanga. I roto i te aratau whakamahana, ka tangohia te wera mai i te whenua (mā te wai e rere ana i roto i te koropiko whenua), kātahi ka whakanuia tōna pāmahana ka tohatoha puta noa i te whare. I roto i te aratau whakamatao, ka hurihia te whakawhiti wera: ka tangohia te wera mai i roto ka marara ki te whenua.
Ko te pūtake o te whai huatanga o te GSHP kei roto i ngā pāmahana whenua pumau ake. Ina tino makariri te pāmahana o te hau o waho, me tango e te pūnaha hau-ki-te-hau (pūtake hau) te wera mai i te hau makariri, ka akiaki i te compressor kia kaha ake te mahi. I tetahi atu taha, ka noho mahana tonu te whenua i te hohonutanga o ētahi mita, ka iti ake te pikinga o te pāmahana whakahaere, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko a te compressor.
Whirihoranga hoahoa pūnaha: porowhita whenua
Ko te mea tino hira o te hoahoa o tētahi GSHP ko te whakawhiti wera e ahu mai ana i te whenua, he paipa polyethylene matotoru (HDPE) te tikanga e hanga ana i tētahi ara iahiko kati, i tētahi pūnaha tuwhera rānei. Ko te whiriwhiri i te whirihoranga ka pāngia e te horahanga o te whenua, ngā āhuatanga whenua, te wātea o te wai whenua, me te kaha whakamahana me te whakamatao e hiahiatia ana.
1) Pūnaha porowhita kati
a. Porowhita whakapae
Ka tanumia ngā paipa ki te hohonutanga o te 1–2 mita pea (e ai ki te āhuarangi me ngā ture). Ko ngā painga ko te iti o ngā utu keri, te pai mō ngā wāhi nui, me te ngāwari o te whakahaere. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga ko te hiahia mō ngā wāhi nui me te nui ake o te pānga ki te mahi nā ngā huringa o te pāmahana o te mata o te oneone i ngā wā o te tau. Ka taea e ngā oneone maroke, toka rānei te whakaiti i te kaha ki te mimiti/marara wera.
b. Porowhita poutū
Ka whakaurua te paipa ki roto i tētahi poka poutū (hei tauira, tekau ki te rau mita), he piko-U te nuinga o te wā. He mea noa tēnei mō ngā whenua iti i ngā tāone nui, ā, ka pumau ake te pāmahana o te whenua. Ko te ngoikoretanga ko te nui ake o ngā utu tīmatanga nā te hiahia ki te keri me te whakakī (te whakakī ki te rauemi kawe hiko hei whakarite i te pai o te pā o te wera ki te oneone/te hanganga toka). Heoi, he rite tonu te mahi, ā, he iti noa te tapuwae whenua.
c. Porowhita roto/roto
Mena he roto, he roto rānei e wātea ana he hohonu rawa, ka taea te ruku i te koiri paipa. Ka iti ake pea ngā utu i te keri, ā, ka pai ake te mahi a te whakawhiti wera pai o te wai. Ko ētahi o ngā herenga ko te hiahia mō tētahi wai e tika ana, ngā whakaaetanga taiao, me te tiaki i ngā kino ā-ringa, i ngā huringa rānei o te kounga o te wai.
2) Pūnaha porowhita tuwhera
Ka pupuhihia e tēnei pūnaha te wai whenua, te wai mata rānei, ka tangohia/tāpirihia te wera mā roto i tētahi whakawhiti wera, kātahi ka tukuna te wai ki roto i tētahi puna whakakī, i tētahi wai rānei. Tērā pea ka teitei te whai huatanga nā te whakawhiti wera tika ki te wai, engari he uaua ake te hoahoa nā ngā whakaritenga whakaaetanga, te tauine pea/te waikura, ngā mōrearea poke, me te wātea o tētahi rere wai pumau. Ehara i te mea he pai ngā wāhi katoa mō tēnei kōwhiringa.
Ngā wāhanga matua me ngā whakataunga hoahoa
Haunga te koropiko whenua, kei roto i te GSHP tētahi waeine papu wera (pūwero, kaiwhakamahana-whakapūmau, takirere whānui), he papu tohanga wai koropiko whenua, he pūnaha tohatoha i roto i te whare, me ngā mana whakahaere.
1. Wai porowhita whenua
Ko te wai me te ārai huka (propylene glycol, ethanol rānei) ka konatunatua ki ngā wāhi e mōrearea ana ki te huka. Ko te whiriwhiri i te kukū ārai huka ka pā ki te matotoru, te mana papu e hiahiatia ana, me te kaha whakawhiti wera.
2. Papu tohanga me te hoahoa waipēhi
Ko te hoahoa o ngā paipa me te manifold te mea e whakatau ana i te ngaronga o te upoko. Mena he iti rawa ngā paipa, he pōturi rānei te ara, ka nui te mana o te papu, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha whānui. Nō reira, me whakataurite e ngā kaihoahoa te utu o ngā paipa me te whakapaunga pūngao o te papu i roto i tōna roanga o te ora.
3. Pūnaha tohatoha wera/mātao i roto i te whare
He pai ake te mahi a ngā GSHP i roto i ngā pūnaha wai-iti te pāmahana, pērā i ngā papa hihi, i ngā koiri pā rānei me ngā pāmahana tuku taurite. Mō te whakamahana wai pāmahana-tiketike (hei tauira, ngā radiator tawhito), ka mahi pea ngā papu wera i te pāmahana hiki teitei, ka whakaheke i te COP. Ko te whakarerekē i te hoahoa tohatoha he mea nui ki te penapena pūngao.
4. Te whakahaere me te rautaki whakahaere
Mā te whakahaere pai ka ārai i te huringa poto (te whakaweto pinepine) ā, ka arotau i te pihi tautuhinga. Ka taea e ngā whakamahana maha-wāhanga, ngā tāke ārai (mō ngā pūnaha wai), me ngā tautuhinga tere rerekē i runga i ngā pūhiko, i ngā papu rānei te whakanui ake i te pai me te whakamarie.
Te mārama ki te whai huatanga: COP, EER, me te SPF
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia te whai huatanga o te papu wera penei:
– COP (Tauwehenga Mahi) mō te aratau whakamahana: te ōwehenga o te pūngao wera i whakaputaina ki te hiko e whakamahia ana. Ko te COP o te 4 te tikanga ko ia 1 kWh o te hiko ka whakaputa i te 4 kWh o te wera.
– EER (Ōwehenga Whai Hua o te Pūngao) mō te aratau whakamatao.
– SPF/SCOP (Tauwehe Mahi o te Wā): te whai huatanga o te wā e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā rerekētanga o te kawenga, te pāmahana, me te mahi tuturu. He nui ake te hiranga o tēnei tohu i te COP taiwhanga.
I roto i ngā GSHP, he teitei te COP nā te mea he pumau te pāmahana pūtake (oneone). Heoi, ko te wheako whakamutunga o te kaiwhakamahi e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te hoahoa o te koropiko, te kounga o te tāutanga, me te hototahi ki ngā kawenga whare.
Ko te mea tino whakatau mō te whai huatanga
1. Ngā āhuatanga wera o te oneone me te whenua
He nui te pānga o te kawe wera o te oneone/toka, te haumākū, me te noho mai o te wai whenua ki te whakawhiti wera. He pai ake te oneone makuku i te oneone maroke. Ka taea e ētahi hanganga toka te kawe wera nui, ā, ka whai hua ki ngā hoahoa poutū.
2. Te rahi tika o te koropiko whenua (te rahi)
Ka taea e te porowhita iti rawa te arahi ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana wai, te hekenga o te COP, me te mōrearea o te pūnaha kāore e eke ki te kaha teitei. Ka piki ake ngā utu tīmatanga ki te porowhita nui rawa. Me hanga te rahi i runga i ngā tātaitanga kawenga teitei me te pūngao ā-tau, kaua ki ngā whakatau tata.
3. Te whakataurite i te kaha o te waeine ki te kawenga o te whare
Ka poto te huringa o ngā waeine nunui rawa, ka whakaiti i te pai o te mahi, ka tere ake te pakaru. He maha ngā wā ka mahi ngā waeine iti rawa i ngā kawenga nui, ka hiahiatia rānei he whakamahana tāpiri, ka piki ake ngā utu whakahaere.
4. Mana papu tohanga (mana pirinoa)
He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia, ka taea e te whakapaunga hiko o ngā papu wai me ngā pupuhi te whakaiti i te pai o te pūnaha katoa. He mea nui te hoahoa waipēhi pai, te paipa tika, me ngā papu whai hua teitei hei pupuri i te SPF.
5. Te kounga o te tāutanga me te whakakī (mō te poutū)
He mea nui te pai o te hononga wera i waenga i te paipa me te whenua. Ka whakaitihia e te grout kawe hiko te ātete wera. Mā te tāutanga hē, ngā turuturu, ngā hononga ngoikore rānei ka whakararu i te mahi, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te pakaru.
6. Te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha wai wera o te whare (DHW)
Ka taea e ētahi GSHP te whakamahana i te wai o te whare mā te desuperheater, mā te aratau motuhake rānei. Ka pai ake te whakamahinga o te pūngao, inā koa ka moumou te pūnaha whakamatao i te wera ka taea te "hauhake" mō te wai wera.
Ngā whakaaro ōhanga me te oranga tonutanga
Ko te utu tīmatanga o te GSHP he nui ake i te utu o te AC, o te poihau rānei, nā te mahi oneone/keri e hiahiatia ana. Heoi anō, ka taea te iti ake, te pumau ake hoki o ngā utu whakahaere. Mā te tātaritanga whaihua pai ka whakaarohia:
– ngā utu hiko me ngā wahie rerekē,
– ngā hāora mahi ā-tau (kōtaha kawenga),
– ngā whakatenatena tāke, ngā whiwhinga rānei (mēnā he mea kei a ia),
– ngā utu tiaki me te roanga o te ora o ngā taputapu,
– te uara whakamarie me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga.
I te taha taiao, ka taea e ngā GSHP te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, inā koa mēnā he iti te waro e ahu mai ana te hiko. Hei tāpiri, kāore he tahunga i te papaanga, ka whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau ā-rohe me ngā mōrearea haumaru e pā ana ki te hau.
Hoahoa i ngā mahi pai rawa atu
Kia whai hua ai te pūnaha, ko ētahi tikanga e taunakitia ana:
1. whakahaere i tētahi arotake pūngao whare, me te whakapai ake i te taupoki whare (te whakamarumaru, ngā turuturu hau) i mua i te whakatau i te kaha,
2. Whakamahia ngā tātaitanga tika mō te kawenga whakamahana-whakamatao, kaua ko te horahanga o te whare anake,
3. Tīpakohia te whirihoranga porowhita e ai ki te whenua me te matawhenua, ā, whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau urupare wera (mō ngā kaupapa nunui),
4. whakarite kia rite te tohatoha pāmahana iti (te papa hihi/koiri e tika ana),
5. arotauhia te waipēhi hei whakaiti i te mana o te papu,
6. whakamahia ngā mana whakahaere hei ārai i te huringa poto me te tautoko i te mahi taurangi.
Te Katinga
Ko te hoahoa me te whai huatanga o tētahi pūnaha papu wera whenua ka whakatauhia nuitia e te pai o ngā āhuatanga e toru: ngā āhuatanga o te oneone, ngā whakaritenga kawenga whare, me te kounga o te porowhita me te hangarau tohatoha i roto i te whare. Ina hoahoatia tika, ka tukuna e ngā GSHP he whai huatanga teitei, he whakamarie pumau, me te kaha ki te penapena utu pūngao mō te wā roa. I waenganui i te hiahia mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me te hiko o te whakamahana, kei te noho ko ngā papu wera whenua tētahi o ngā kōwhiringa tino ātaahua mō ngā whare hou—ahakoa he whare noho, he arumoni, he whare whakahaere rānei—mēnā he pakari te hoahoa me te whai raraunga.
