Ngā Momo Pā me ā Rātou Mahi mō te Whakaputa Pūngao
Ko te hiko wai, e mōhiotia ana ko te hiko wai, tētahi o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou tino whai hua me te whai hua. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ko ngā tipu hiko wai (HPP) te pou tuara o te tuku hiko pono me te taiao. Ko tētahi wāhanga matua o te pūnaha hiko wai ko te tāwhana. Ehara i te mea ka penapena wai noa ngā tāwhana engari ka whakahaere hoki i tōna rere, ka taea ai te whakamahi hei whakaputa hiko. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo tāwhana me te āhua o tā rātou mahi i roto i te whakaputa pūngao.
Ngā momo tāpui wai
1. Te Pā o te Kaha
He momo tāke te tāke e whakamahi ana i te kaha o te whenua hei pupuri i tōna pumau. He mea hanga ki te raima, ki ngā toka nunui rānei, ka whakawhirinaki ēnei tāke ki tōna ake taumaha hei ātete i te pēhanga wai. He matotoru rawa ngā pakitara o ngā tāke kaha, ā, he pakari hoki ngā turanga hei ārai i ngā turuturu, i te hinga rānei.
Ngā huarahi mahi
Ko te wai e rongoa ana i muri i te tāpū wai ka tukuna mā roto i tētahi paipa rakau e ārahi ana i te wai ki te tāpine. Ina taka te wai mā roto i tētahi tāpine, ka hurihia te kaha nekeneke o te wai hei kaha miihini, kātahi ka hurihia hei kaha hiko e tētahi whakaputa hiko e hono ana ki te tāpine.
2. Te Pā Rakau
Ko ngā tāke raima, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā tāke taumaha, he mea hanga i te ranunga o te raima me te maitai. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tāke taumaha, he angiangi ake, he pai ake hoki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi.
Ngā huarahi mahi
Pērā i ngā tāke kaha ā-papa, ka rongoa hoki ngā tāke raima i te wai mō te whakaputa hiko wai. Ka tukuna te wai mā roto i ngā puranga ki ngā tāpine, he tukanga rite ki tērā o ngā tāke kaha ā-papa.
3. Te Pā o te Āwhata
He mea hanga ngā tāke kōpiko kia piko ki raro, ā, he kaha ake i ētahi atu momo. Nā te āhua piko, ka taea e rātou te tu atu ki te pēhanga wai me te iti ake o ngā rauemi i ngā tāke ā-papa, i ngā tāke raima rānei.
Ngā huarahi mahi
I muri i ēnei āwhata, ka kohia te wai, kātahi ka tukuna mā roto i ngā paipa ki ngā tāwhana. Nā te mea he mea hanga ngā tāwhana āwhata i roto i ngā awaawa whaiti, ka nui ake te pēhanga o te wai e rere ana ki ngā tāwhana, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā tāwhana me ngā whakaputa hiko.
4. Ngā Tāwharau o te Pareparenga
He mea hanga ēnei tāke mai i ngā rauemi taiao pēnei i te oneone, te toka, i ngā mea e rua rānei. He matotoru ake, he nui ake rānei ngā tāke paru i ngā tāke raima, i ngā tāke āwhata rānei.
Ngā huarahi mahi
He rite tonu te mahi a ngā tāke pupuri paru i roto i te horopaki o te hiko wai ki ērā atu momo tāke. Ka rere te wai kua kohia mā roto i tētahi paipa hei taraiwa i te tāpine.
5. Ngā Pā o te Tūāpapa
Ka hangaia he raupapa o ngā tāwharau mā te whakamahi i tētahi raupapa o ngā pou, o ngā tautoko rānei hei whakakaha i te pakitara o te tāwharau. Mā ēnei tautoko ka angiangi ake te pakitara o te tāwharau engari ka kaha tonu.
Ngā huarahi mahi
Ka kohia te wai i muri i te tāhuna, ka tukuna mā roto i te rakau ki te tāhuna. Mā te hoahoa ārai o tēnei tāhuna ka āwhina i te ātete i te pēhanga wai kia pai ake ai te tū atu.
Te Tukanga Whakaputa Pūngao i roto i ngā Whare Hiko Wai
Nā, me matapaki tātou i te tukanga whakaputa hiko i roto i te tipu hiko wai, e whai ake nei i ēnei mahi:
1. Te Pupuri Wai
Ka rongoatia te wai i roto i tētahi puna wai i hangaia e tētahi tāpae wai. He mea nui te teitei o tēnei puna wai e pā ana ki te whare rakau me te whare tāpine, nā te mea ka whakatau i te kaha pūmanawa o te wai kua rongoatia.
2. Te Aronga o te Wai
Ka tukuna te wai e kohia ana i roto i te puna wai mā roto i tētahi penstock, he paipa nui, he kauhanga rānei e ārahi ana i te wai ki tētahi tāpine. I te rere o te wai i raro i te penstock, ka hurihia tōna pūngao pūmanawa hei pūngao nekeneke.
3. Te Puku o te Tīpīni
Ka pā te wai e rere ana i te tere nui ki ngā mata o te tāpine, ka huri te tāpine. Koinei te hurihanga o te pūngao nekeneke o te wai ki te pūngao miihini.
4. Te Whakaputa Hiko
E hono ana te tāpine ki tētahi pūkaha hiko. Ina huri te tāpine, ka huri anō hoki te pūkaha hiko, ka puta te hiko mā te whakaawe hikohiko.
5. Te Tohatoha Hiko
Ka tukuna te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te miihini hiko mā roto i tētahi whakawhiti hiko hei whakanui ake i tōna ngaohiko kia taea ai te tohatoha ki te whatunga hiko hei whakamahi mā ngā kaihoko.
Ngā Painga me ngā Wero
He maha ngā painga o ngā tipu hiko wai, pērā i:
– He pai mō te taiao: Kāore e whakaputa tukunga hau kati kōtuhi pērā i ngā tipu hiko wahie pūmua.
– Pūmau: Ka roa pea ngā tāhuna wai me ngā hanganga hiko mō ngā tekau tau.
– Te Rokiroki Pūngao: Mā ngā tāpua ka taea te penapena wai mō te wā roa, kia taea ai te whakaputa pūngao ina hiahiatia.
– Maha-mahi: Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tāhuna mō te whakamakuku, te whakahaere waipuke, me te whakangahau.
Heoi anō, he maha ngā wero o te hiko wai:
– Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao: Ka taea e ngā tāpua te whakararuraru i ngā pūnaha rauropi awa me ngā mea ora i roto i te wai.
– Te Utu Nui: He tino utu nui te hanga i ngā tāpua me ngā hanganga e pā ana.
– Te Tūponotanga o te Tātari me te Hinga: Ahakoa he onge, kei reira tonu te tūponotanga o te turuturu, o te hinga rānei, ā, ka taea e ia te whakararu i ngā āhuatanga kino nui.
Pūmanawa ā-Mārama
I te piki haere o te hiahia mō te pūngao ma me te pūngao hou, kei te whānui haere tonu te pūmanawa mō ngā tāhuna me te hangarau hiko wai. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā ariā pēnei i te hiko wai rokiroki papu, e whakamahi ana i ngā puna wai e rua i ngā teitei rerekē hei penapena pūngao. Hei tāpiri, kei te haere tonu te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau tāpine pai ake, ā, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao.
I tēnei ao hurihuri o te āhuarangi, e whai pānga nui ana ki te ao whānui te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, ā, he otinga pumau te hiko wai. Mā te mārama ake ki ngā momo tāpua me te āhua o tā rātou mahi, ka taea e tātou te tautoko i ngā whāinga pūngao hou, me te whakaiti i te pānga taiao o ngā mahi a te tangata.
Mā te mōhio me te mārama ki ngā momo tāpua me te āhua o tā rātou mahi i roto i te whakaputa pūngao ka taea e tātou te maioha ki te hangarau matatau kua āhei ai tātou ki te whakamahi i tētahi o ngā rauemi taiao tino nui o te Ao—ko te wai. Ka whakaratohia hoki e tēnei mōhiotanga he tūāpapa nui mō ētahi atu auahatanga hei tautoko i tētahi heke mai pūngao ma, pumau hoki.
