Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Pūnaha Whakaputa Hiko i roto i te Whare Hiko Wai me tana Mahi
He otinga pūngao taiao, pumau hoki ngā tipu hiko wai (PLTA). I roto i te tukanga whakaputa hiko, ko te wai te reo matua e akiaki ana i te tāpine, ā, mā tēnei ka akiaki i te mīhini whakaputa hiko hei whakaputa hiko. Ko te mīhini whakaputa hiko te ngākau o te tipu hiko wai, nā te mea koinei te wāhi e hurihia ai te pūngao nekeneke o te wai hei pūngao hiko e taea te whakamahi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā wāhanga matua o te mīhini whakaputa hiko wai me tana mahi.
1. Kaitiaki
Ko te stator te wāhanga tūmau o te pūkaha hiko kei roto ngā koiri kawe hiko. Ko te stator te wāhanga matua e kawenga ana mō te whakaputa i te mara hiko. Ko te stator he raupapa waea parahi e takai ana i te matua rino. I roto i ngā pūkaha hiko wai, ka whakanohoia te stator ki runga i te anga pūkaha hiko, ā, ka noho tūmau tonu i te wā e mahi ana. I te hurihuri o te rotor, ka hono tika mai he mara aukume e huri haere tonu ana ki te stator.
Mahi Pūmau
Ko te stator te tautoko matua mō te taunekeneke o ngā papa aukume i hangaia e te rotor. Ina huri tere te rotor, ka puta he au hiko i roto i ngā takai stator e ēnei papa aukume e huri haere ana, ka puta he au hiko e rere ana ki te whatunga hiko o waho.
2. Rotora
Ko te rotor te wāhanga hurihuri o te pūkaha hiko, ā, ka taea te whakaaro ko ia te wāhanga hihiri e puta ai te hurihanga o te papa aukume e tika ana hei whakaputa hiko. Ko te rotor he mea hanga ki te hiko aukume kaha i hangaia ki te waea parahi e takai ana i te matua rino. I a te rotor e hurihuri ana i roto i te papa aukume o te stator, ka puta he papa aukume e huri haere tonu ana, ka puta he iahiko hiko i roto i ngā takai stator.
Mahi Rotor
Ko te mahi a te rotor he whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume e neke ana. Ka neke haere tonu te papa aukume e hangaia ana e te rotor i te hurihanga, ka puta he kaha hiko i roto i te stator. Ko tēnei tukanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapūngao hiko, te kaupapa matua o te mahi a te kaihanga hiko.
3. Pūnaha Whakamatao
Ko tētahi atu wāhanga nui o te pūkaha hiko ko te pūnaha whakamatao. Ina mahi te pūkaha hiko, ka puta he wera nui nā te waku me te hiko nui. Ki te kore he pūnaha whakamatao whai hua, ka taea e tēnei wera te kino i ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā wāhanga miihini o te pūkaha hiko, te whakaiti i te pai o te mahi, te raru rānei o te pūnaha.
Te Mahi a te Pūnaha Whakamatao
Ka pupuri te pūnaha whakamatao i te pāmahana mahi o te pūkaha hiko i tētahi taumata haumaru, whai hua hoki. Ko te tikanga ka tutuki tēnei mā te huri i te wai whakamatao, te hau rānei huri noa i ngā wāhanga o te pūkaha hiko. Ko ētahi tikanga whakamatao ko te wai, te hinu, te pūnaha whakamatao rānei. Mā te whakamatao tika ka roa te ora me te whai huatanga o te pūkaha hiko.
4. Te Pou Whakaputa-Tūpine
Ko te pou o te tāpine-whakaputa hiko he wāhanga miihini e hono tika ana i te tāpine wai ki te hurihuri o te kaiwhakaputa hiko. I te rere o te wai me te huri i te tāpine, ka tukuna tika e tēnei pou te kaha miihini ki te hurihuri. Me tino kaha tēnei pou, ā, me kaha ki te tu atu i ngā kawenga miihini nui kia pai ai te whakawhiti kaha mai i te tāpine ki te whakaputa hiko.
Mahi o te Pouaka Whakaputa-Tūpine
Ko te mahi matua o te pou he tuku i te pūngao mai i te tāpine wai ki te rotor whakaputa hiko. Ka huri tēnei pou i tētahi tere motuhake, e whakatauhia ana e te tere rere o te wai me te hoahoa o te tāpine. He mea nui te whakarite tika me te tiaki i tēnei pou hei ārai i te wiri nui me te whakaroa i te ora o ngā wāhanga e pā ana.
5. Pūnaha Whakahaere Tere
Ka whakamahia e ngā tipu hiko wai ngā pūnaha whakahaere tere hei pupuri i te tere pai o te hurihanga o te tāpine me te rotor. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ēnei pūnaha ngā kaiārahi wai-mīhini, hiko rānei hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai ki te tāpine.
Mahi Pūnaha Whakahaere Tere
Ko te mahi matua o tēnei pūnaha he whakarite kia mau tonu te tere o te hurihuri, ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o te rere o te wai, te kawenga hiko rānei e whakaputaina ana. He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te tere kia tutuki ai te auau hiko e whakaputaina ana i ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana e te whatunga hiko, arā, 50 Hz, 60 Hz rānei.
6. Kaiwhakahaere Ngaohiko
He taputapu te kaiwhakahaere hiko e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te putanga hiko hiko mai i te whakaputa hiko. He mea tika tēnei whakarerekētanga hei pupuri i te kounga o te hiko me te pumau o te rere o te hiko ki ngā kaihoko.
Mahi Whakahaere Ngaohiko
Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere hiko mā te whakarerekē i te nui o te ia whakaoho e tukuna ana ki te rotor. Mā te whakahaere i te ia whakaoho, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whakarerekē i te papa aukume e whakaputaina ana e te rotor, ka pā ki te ngaohiko hiko e whakaohohia ana i roto i te stator. Mā tēnei ka noho tonu te ngaohiko putanga ki roto i te awhe e hiahiatia ana, ahakoa te rerekētanga o te kawenga hiko.
7. Pūnaha Tiaki
I roto i ngā whakaputa hiko wai, ko te mahi a te pūnaha tiaki he kite i ngā āhuatanga rerekē ka puta mai, pērā i te iahiko nui rawa, te ngaohiko nui rawa, te wera nui rānei, ā, ka mahi i ngā mahi whakatika hei ārai i ngā kino.
Mahi Pūnaha Tiaki
Kei roto i ngā pūnaha tiaki ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā whakawhiti tiaki, ngā kaiwawao ara iahiko, me ngā pūnaha whakaoho. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he kite me te urupare wawe ki ngā hapa o te mahi a te mīhini hiko. Hei tauira, ki te piki te pāmahana ki runga ake i te rohe kua whakaritea, ka whakawetohia e te pūnaha tiaki te mīhini hiko hei ārai i ngā kino atu.
Te Mahi a ngā Pūkaha Hiko Wai
1. Te Rere o te Wai: Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te wai e rere ana mai i te puna wai ki te tāpine mā roto i te pene rakau. He pūngao pūmanawa tō tēnei wai e rere ana ka hurihia hei pūngao nekeneke i a ia e rere ana ki raro.
2. Te Hurihanga o te Tāpine: Ka tomo te wai pēhanga teitei ki roto i te tāpine, ka huri ai ngā mata o te tāpine. Kua hangaia tēnei tāpine hei whakapai ake i te whakawhiti pūngao mai i te wai ki te pou o te tāpine.
3. Te Tukunga o te Pūngao Ā-Mīhini: Ka tukuna te hurihanga o te tāpine ki te rotor o te whakaputa hiko mā te pou tāpine-whakaputa hiko.
4. Te Whakaoho Aukume: I te hurihuri o te rotor, ka hangaia he papa aukume hurihuri i roto i te stator. Ka puta he aukume hiko i roto i ngā takai waea parahi i roto i te stator nā tēnei papa aukume e huri haere ana.
5. Te Whakahaere Ngaohiko me te Auautanga: Ka mahi te pūnaha whakahaere ngaohiko me te tere ki te whakarite kia pumau te ngaohiko me te auautanga o te hiko e whakaputaina ana e ai ki ngā hiahia o te whatunga hiko.
6. Te Tohatoha Hiko: Kātahi ka tukuna te iahiko e puta mai ana i te stator ki tētahi whakawhiti hiko hei whakanui ake i te ngaohiko i mua i te tohatoha ki te whatunga tohatoha hiko ā-motu hei whakamahi mā ngā kaihoko.
He tauira ataahua ngā miihini hiko wai hei whakaatu i te hononga o te ahupūngao, te hangarau hiko, me te hangarau hou ki te whakaputa pūngao pumau, ā, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhanga matua me te āhua o tā rātou mahi hei whakawhanake me te arotau i tēnei hangarau, hei aro atu hoki ki ngā wero pūngao ā muri ake nei.
