Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o ngā Pātū Rakau ki te Whakatairite ki ngā Pātū Whenua
He hanganga nui ngā tāhuna mō te whakahaere rauemi wai. Ko ā rātou mahi he whakarato wai whakamakuku me te wai mata, te whakaputa hiko wai, te whakahaere waipuke, me te whakangahau. I roto i te whakamahere me te hanga, ko ngā momo tāhuna e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā tāhuna raima me ngā tāhuna parepare oneone. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga hangarau, ngā whakaritenga rauemi, te whanonga hanganga, me ngā mōrearea pakaru o ia mea. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tāhuna raima i ngā tāhuna oneone, e whakarato ana i tētahi tirohanga whānui ki ngā kaipānui i mua i te whakatau ko tēhea momo "pai ake".
He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Pā Rakau me ngā Pā Whenua
Ko te tāwhana raima he tāwhana ko tōna hanganga matua he raima—he raima papatipu, he raima whakakīkī-roera rānei (RCC). Ko ngā tāwhana raima ka ātete i te pēhanga wai mā roto i tō rātou ake taumaha (ngā tāwhana taumaha) mā roto rānei i te āhua piko e whakawhiti ana i te kaha ki ngā abutments pari (ngā tāwhana āwhata).
I taua wā, ko te tāmi whenua he tāmi i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i te oneone, te onepu, te kirikiri, me te toka, he hanganga matua ātete wai i hangaia ki te uku, ki tētahi atu rauemi ātete wai rānei. Ka tutuki te pumau o te tāmi whenua mā te āhua ngāwari o te pari me te whakakīkī o te rauemi whakakī paparanga.
Ahakoa ēnei rerekētanga ariā, he mea maori te pānga nui o ngā āhuatanga o te papa, te wātea o ngā rauemi, ngā āhuatanga rū whenua, me ngā whāinga whakahaere ki ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia momo tāpua.
Ngā Painga o ngā Pātū Konukuraiti ki ngā Pātū Whenua
1. He Rahi Hanganga Kiato, He Whai Hua hoki mō ngā Awaawa Whaiti
Ka taea te hanga i ngā tākai raima kia angiangi ake i ngā tākai oneone nā te mea he kaha te kōpeketanga o te raima, ā, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā kaha waipū me ngā rahi iti ake. I ngā awaawa whaiti, paripari, ka whiriwhiria ngā tākai raima—ina koa ko ngā momo kōpiko—nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i te āhua o te whenua hei tuku i ngā kaha ki te mata o te pari.
He rerekē, he mārire ake ngā pari o ngā tāhuna whenua, nō reira me nui ake te tapuwae. I ngā wāhi kuiti, ka nui te herenga o tēnei wāhi.
2. He māmā ake te whakauru i te kaha o te awa wai
Ko ngā tāke raima ka taea te whakauru i ngā ara wai ki roto i te tinana o te tāke. Ka taea te hoahoa i te rerenga wai kia tika te whakahaere wai mā roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te tāke raima, hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā kēti wai, ngā tihi ogee, ngā awa tukunga rānei.
I roto i ngā tākai oneone, me hanga motuhake te ara maringi mai i te tinana matua nā te mea ka taea e te wai e rere ana i runga i te whenua whakakī te whakangaro i te rauemi me te pakaru. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he ara maringi atu mō ngā tākai oneone, ka nui ake te uaua o te whakatakotoranga.
3. He ātete ake ki te horo o te mata o te tinana o te tāhuna
He tino ātete te raima ki te horo o te mata e puta mai ana i te ua, i te wai rere rānei. He iti noa te mōrearea o te horo o ngā tāke raima ki te whakaritea ki ngā tāke oneone, he ngāwari ake te horo o ngā pari mena kāore i te rawaka, i te kore rānei e tiakina paitia ngā parenga pari (te ārai, te tarutaru, ngā toka tiaki).
4. Te Tiaki Mata me te Tirotiro Ātaahua Ngāwari
Ko ngā kapiti, te turuturu, te kino ā-rohe rānei i roto i ngā tāke raima ka kitea mā te tirotiro ā-kanohi. Ko te āhua o ngā hanganga raima he "ma", e māmā ake ai te uru atu ki te tirotiro.
I roto i ngā tākai oneone, ka puta pea ngā raruraru pēnei i te pirau o roto o ngā paipa, te turuturu rānei o te wai i roto i te pareparenga, me te kore e kitea he tohu whakatūpato, ā, me whai taputapu me te aroturukitanga matatau.
5. Te Ora Ratonga Roa me te Hurihanga Iti
He iti noa te rerekētanga o ngā āhua o ngā tākai raima i muri i te otinga. Mēnā he pai te hoahoa, he pai te kounga o te raima, me te whakahaere i ngā kapiti, ka roa te ora o ngā tākai raima. Ahakoa ka roa te ora o ngā tākai whenua, he nui ake te taunga o te tākai, me whai whakaaro ki te hoahoa i ngā tihi o te tuanui, te papa kore utu, me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā rori tirotiro.
Ngā Huakore o ngā Pātū Konukuraiti ki ngā Pātū Whenua
1. Ngā Utu Hanganga Tino Nui Ake Pea
Ko tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga matua o ngā tāhuna raima ko te utu. Me whakamahi te raima i te sima, i ngā mea hanga kounga teitei, i te whakahaere pāmahana (ina koa mō te raima papatipu), i ngā wāhi kohikohi rauemi, i ngā ratonga rauemi, me ngā kaimahi mohio. I ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ka piki ake pea ngā utu kawe sima me ngā taputapu.
He nui ake te ohanga o ngā tāhuna whenua nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o te rohe (te rohe nama), ā, ka whakaitihia te utu o te hoko me te kawe rauemi.
2. Te Whakawhirinaki ki tētahi Tūāpapa Kaha
He tino pāngia ngā tāmi raima e ngā āhuatanga o te turanga. Nā te nui me te kukū o ngā kawenga, me kaha te tautoko i ngā turanga, me pumau hoki ki te kutikuti me te hiki. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whakatikatika turanga pēnei i te whakakī i te whenua, te tango wai i te turanga, me te whakapakari i ngā rohe toka pakaru.
He ngāwari ake te whakahaere i ētahi āhuatanga o te turanga o ngā tāmi whenua nā te mea he ōrite te tohatoha o te kawenga me te iti o te pēhanga pa. Heoi anō, me whakahaere tonu te turuturu o ngā tāmi whenua mā roto i ngā tapahi, i ngā pūtake ātete wai, i ngā whakapainga oneone rānei.
3. Te Tūponotanga o ngā Kapiti me ngā Raru Wera
Ka pāngia te raima e te wera o te wai, ā, ka kitea i roto i te whakahekenga me te whakawhanuitanga wera. I roto i ngā tāpua raima papatipu, he take nui te whakahaere i te pāmahana; ki te kore e whakahaerea, ka puta ngā kapiti wera ka puta he ara mimiti. He mea nui te hoahoa hononga, te whakamatao, ngā wāhanga whakarewa, me te kounga o ngā rauemi.
Kāore ngā tāhuna whenua e pāngia e te pakaru wera o te raima, ahakoa kei te tūpono tonu te pakaru nā te taunga koretake, nā te rū whenua rānei, inā koa i te pūtake ā-roto kore e uru ki te wai.
4. He wero nui pea ngā pānga rū whenua
I ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te rū whenua, me hanga ngā tāke raima kia tū atu ki te tere o te rū whenua me te pēhanga wai. Ahakoa ka taea te hanga i ngā tāke raima kia tū atu ki ngā rū whenua, nā te pakari o te āhua ka rerekē te urupare hihiri, ā, me āta tātari.
He ngāwari ake ngā tākai oneone, ā, ka taea e rātou te "urutau" ki te whakarerekētanga rū whenua i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. Heoi, ka ngāwari hoki ngā tākai oneone ki te waimeha i ētahi rohe mena kāore i te tika te rauemi me te whakakīkī. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ehara i te mea tino kaha te kaha o te rū whenua, engari e kiia ana he pai ake te manawanui o ngā tākai oneone ki te whakarerekētanga.
5. Ka taea e te Wā Whakatinanatanga te Whakauaua Ake
Me whakarite he whakaritenga pakari, me te whakahaere kounga tonu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e te huarere me ngā whakaritenga whakamaroke. Ka roa pea te hanga o ngā tāhuna raima tuku iho nā te mea kei te whakahaerehia ngā wāhanga whakarewa me te whakahaere wera.
Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga parepare paparanga, ka taea te hanga tere i ngā tāmi whenua mēnā he nui ngā rauemi, ā, he nui hoki ngā taputapu e wātea ana, ahakoa kei te āhua o te rangi tonu (ina koa ko te ua ka ārai i te whakakīkī).
Ngā Painga o ngā Pātū Whenua e Hira Ake Ana i ngā Pātū Konukuraiti
Hei whakataurite i te whakataurite, he mea nui kia whakahuatia ētahi take e whiriwhiria ai ngā tākai whenua:
1. He iti ake te utu i ngā wāhi maha nā te mea he rauemi ā-rohe te whakamahinga.
2. He māmā ake te hanga me ngā taputapu taumaha noa, me te kore he whare raima nui.
3. He ngāwari ake ki te whakarerekē me te taunga, mena he pai te hoahoa papa kore me te pumau o te pari.
4. He pai mō ngā awaawa whānui kāore he raruraru nui mō te nui o te whakakī e hiahiatia ana.
Heoi, me aro nui ki ngā tāhuna whenua ki te whakahaere i te turuturu wai, te tiaki i te horo, me ngā mahi pakaru wai nā te mea ko te waipuke nui (te waipuke nui ki runga i te tinana o te tāhuna) tētahi o ngā tino take morearea o te pakaru o te momo pareparenga.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā painga matua o ngā tāke raima he āhua kiato ake, he māmā ake te whakauru ki te ara wai, he ātete ki te horo o te mata, he iti noa te hurihanga, ā, he roa te ora mahi. Heoi anō, he nui anō ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tāke raima: he nui ake te utu, he kaha te turanga, he mōrearea ki te pakaru wera, ā, me tino kaha te whakahaere i te hanganga.
I tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā painga o ngā tāke oneone mō te ohanga me te ngāwari o te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o te rohe, me te manawanui nui atu ki ngā huringa āhua. Heoi, he ngāwari ake ngā tāke oneone ki te horo me te pakaru nā te nui rawa o te wai, ā, me tino tupato te hoahoa o te rerenga wai.
Hei whakamutunga, kāore e taea te whakatau i te kōwhiringa i waenga i te tāwhana raima me te tāwhana oneone mā te mea kotahi. Me whai whakaaro te whakatau pai ki ngā āhuatanga whenua, te āhua o te whenua, te wātea o ngā rauemi, ngā mōrearea wai, ngā mōrearea rū whenua, ngā whakaritenga whakahaere, ngā utu huringa ora, me te tiaki mō te wā roa. Mā ngā rangahau whaihua me te hoahoa tika, ka taea e ngā momo tāwhana e rua te noho haumaru, te pono, me te roa o te ora.
