Te Mahi a ngā Whakawhitiwhiti ki te Whakatika i te Ngaohiko Hiko
Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko (e kiia ana ko ngā "whakawhiti hiko") tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui o ngā pūnaha hiko hou. Tata ki ngā whatunga tuku hiko katoa e whakamahi ana i ngā whakawhiti hiko hei whakarerekē i te ngaohiko kia taea ai te tuku hiko ki ngā tawhiti tawhiti, kātahi ka whakaheke i te ngaohiko ki te ngaohiko haumaru e tika ana mō te whakamahinga o te whare me te ahumahi. Ki te kore he whakawhiti hiko, ka nui ake te maumau, te utu nui, me te mōrearea o te haerenga mai i te tipu hiko ki ngā putanga hiko o te whare.
Te Mārama ki ngā Whakawhiti me ā rātou Mahi
He taputapu hiko te whakawhiti hiko e whakarerekē ana (e whakanui ana, e whakaiti ana rānei) i te ngaohiko o te aukume whakawhiti (AC) me te kore e whakarerekē i te auau. Ka mahi ngā whakawhiti hiko i runga i te kaupapa o te whakapūngao hikohiko, arā, te tukanga e puta ai he kaha hikohiko (EMF) i roto i tētahi koiri nā ngā whakarerekētanga o te rerenga aukume mai i tētahi atu koiri.
I te nuinga o te wā, e rua ngā mahi matua a ngā whakawhiti hiko:
1. Te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko (te whakawhiti hiko whakarunga): e whakamahia ana ki te taha o te whakaputa hiko, o tētahi teihana hiko rānei hei whakanui ake i te ngaohiko kia iti ai te iahiko, kia iti ai hoki ngā ngaronga hiko i te wā e tukuna ana.
2. Te whakaheke i te ngaohiko (whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-whakaheke): whakamahia kia tata atu ki te kaihoko kia iti ake te ngaohiko, kia haumaru hoki mō te whakamahi e ngā taputapu hiko.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira ētahi whakawhiti hiko wehe e whai ana ki te wehe i te ara iahiko hei ārai i te haumaru me te whakaiti i te pokanoa, ahakoa he rite tonu ngā ngaohiko tāuru me te putanga.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Whakawhitiwhiti
Hei mārama ki tana mahi, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā wāhanga matua o te whakawhiti hiko:
– Pōkai matua: te pōkai e hono ana ki te pūtake ngaohiko AC (tāuru).
– Pōkai tuarua: te pōkai e hono ana ki te kawenga (putanga).
– Te matua rino: he reo ferromagnetic e ārahi ana i te rerenga aukume mō te whakapūngao whai hua. Ko te tikanga he mea hanga ki ngā papa maitai silicon hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga o te ia hurihuri.
– Ārai hiko: he rauemi ārai hiko e wehewehe ana i ngā koiri hei ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto.
– Te hinu whakawhiti hiko (i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko): he mahi hei whakamatao me te ārai hau tāpiri.
I runga i te tauine nui (ngā whakawhiti hiko me ngā teihana hiko iti), ko ngā wāhanga tāpiri ko ngā radiator whakamatao, ngā pūnaha tiaki hiko, ngā pūahi, me ngā whakawhiti tap hei whakahaere i te ngaohiko.
Mātāpono Taketake: Te Whakaoho Auaha Hiko
Ka mahi ngā whakawhiti hiko nā te mea ka puta he papa aukume hurihuri i roto i te pūtake rino nā te au hurihuri i roto i te koiri tuatahi. Ka puta he huringa o te rerenga aukume i roto i tēnei papa aukume hurihuri, ka "rere" mā roto i te pūtake, ka tapahia ngā hurihanga o te koiri tuarua. Nā te mea kei te huri tonu te rerenga aukume (nā te au AC), ka puta he ngaohiko whakaoho i roto i te koiri tuarua.
He hononga tata tēnei mātāpono ki te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūngao hikohiko: ka puta te ngaohiko whakapūngao ina puta he huringa o te rerenga aukume i roto i te ara iahiko waea takai.
He mea nui hei whakanui: kāore ngā whakawhiti hiko e mahi noa i runga i te iahiko tika (DC). Ina tukuna mai he DC, ka noho tonu te rerenga aukume (whai muri i ngā āhuatanga tuatahi), nō reira kāore he ngaohiko pumau e puta mai i roto i te koiri tuarua. Hei tāpiri, mā te tuku DC ka taea te whakakī i te matua, ka wera rawa.
Te Whakataurite i te Ngaohiko me te Tau o ngā Huringa
Ko te mea nui ki te whakarerekētanga ngaohiko o te whakawhiti hiko kei roto i te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga o ngā koiri tuatahi me te tuarua. Ko te mea tino pai, ka whakamahia te tātai e whai ake nei:
\[
\frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p}
\]
Ngā Mōhiohio:
– \(V_s\) = ngaohiko tuarua (putanga)
– \(V_p\) = ngaohiko tuatahi (whakauru)
– \(N_s\) = te maha o ngā takahuri tuarua
– \(N_p\) = te maha o ngā takahuri tuatahi
Ko te tikanga tēnei, ki te nui ake te maha o ngā takahuri tuarua i te tuatahi, ka piki ake te ngaohiko (whakapiki). Ki te iti iho te maha o ngā takahuri tuarua, ka heke te ngaohiko (whakaheke).
Tauira māmā:
– Mena he \(N_p = 100\) ngā hurihanga o te whakawhiti hiko me te \(N_s = 50\) ngā hurihanga, kāti ko \(V_s = 0{,}5 V_p\). Nō reira ka heke te ngaohiko mā te haurua.
– Ki te tahuri a \(N_p = 200\) me te tahuri a \(N_s = 800\), ka piki ake a \(V_s = 4 V_p\). E whā ngā wā ka piki ake te ngaohiko.
Te Hononga o te Au: Te Ngaohiko ki Runga, Te Auhiko ki Raro
I roto i tētahi whakawhiti hiko tino pai, he ōrite te mana whakauru ki te mana putanga (kāore he ngaronga):
\[
P_p = P_s
\]
\[
V_p I_p = V_s I_s
\]
Ki te whakanuia te ngaohiko, ka heke te iahiko, ā, ka heke anō hoki. Koinei te take matua he mea nui ngā whakawhiti hiko mō te tuku hiko tawhiti. Ko ngā ngaronga hiko i roto i ngā taura he wera te nuinga, ā, he rite tonu ki te tapawhā o te iahiko:
\[
P_{ngaronga} = I^2 R
\]
Mā te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko, ka taea te whakaiti i te iahiko, ā, ka tino whakaiti i ngā mate (I^2R). Nō reira, ko te hiko mai i ngā tipu hiko ka whakanuia ki ngā tekau ki ngā rau kilovolts mō te tuku hiko, kātahi ka whakaitihia mārire anō i mua i te taenga ki ngā wāhi noho.
He aha koe i hiahia ai ki te uho rino?
Ka taea te hanga i ngā whakawhiti hiko me te kore he matua (hau-matua), engari he iti ake te pai o te mahi nā te mea he ngāwari te "tātari" o te rerenga aukume ki te hau. Ko te matua rino te ara mō te rerenga aukume, e māmā ake ai te whakatere i te hau, e whakawhāiti ana i te papa aukume, e tapahi ana hoki i ngā takai tuarua. Nō reira, he pai ake te whakawhiti pūngao mai i te tuatahi ki te tuarua.
Ko ngā matua whakawhiti hiko he mea hanga i ngā rau angiangi (ngā paparanga) kua whakaritea kia paparangatia, me te whakamarumaru i waenganui i a rātou. He mea nui tēnei tikanga whakapiri hei whakaiti i ngā ia hurihuri, arā, ngā ia porowhita i roto i te matua e whakaputa ana i te wera me te whakaiti i te whai huatanga.
Ngā Ngaronga i roto i ngā Transformers Tuturu
I ngā āhuatanga tūturu, kāore e tino whai hua ngā whakawhiti hiko. He maha ngā ngoikoretanga matua:
1. Te ngaronga o te parahi
Nā te ātete waea i roto i ngā koiri tuatahi me tuarua i puta ai te wera (\(I^2R\)).
2. Te ngaronga o te matua
Kei roto ko ngā ngaronga hysteresis (nā te aukumetanga tauutuutu o te uho) me ngā ngaronga eddy (ngā ia eddy i roto i te uho rino).
3. Te ngaronga o te turuturu rere
Kāore te rerenga aukume katoa mai i te tuatahi e haere mā te tuarua; ka " turuturu" ētahi i waho o te pūtake.
4. Ngā ngaronga ā-mīhini me te whakamatao
Hei tauira, te tangi ngunguru (te wiri matua) me te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e te pūnaha whakamatao i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko nui.
Heoi, ka taea e ngā whakawhiti hiko hou te whai hua tino teitei, neke atu i te 95%, tae atu ki te 99% i ētahi kawenga.
Ngā Momo Transformers i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Kei roto i te maha o ngā taputapu ngā taputapu whakawhiti, hei tauira:
– Pūurutau/whakairi (ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā mea hou te SMPS, kei roto tonu he "hurihuri" auau teitei)
– Ngā whakawhiti hiko tohatoha i runga i ngā pou hiko, i ngā teihana hiko rānei e tata ana ki ngā whare noho
– Ngā whakawhiti oro i runga i ētahi taputapu mō te taurite i te aukati
– Ngā whakawhiti wehewehe i roto i ngā taiao hauora, taiwhanga rānei
– Ngā whakawhiti taputapu pēnei i te CT (whakawhiti au) me te PT/VT (whakawhiti pūmanawa/ngaohiko) hei ine me te tiaki
Kua hangaia ia hiko kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te ngaohiko, te iahiko, te auau me te taumata whakamarumaru.
Whakamutunga
Ka mahi ngā whakawhiti hiko i runga i te kaupapa o te whakaawe hikohiko: ka puta he rerenga aukume huri i roto i te matua e te au aukume huri (AC) i roto i te koiri tuatahi, ā, ka puta he ngaohiko i roto i te koiri tuarua. Ka whakatauhia te ngaohiko putanga e te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga tuatahi me te tuarua. Mā te kaha ki te whakanui, ki te whakaheke rānei i te ngaohiko, ko ngā whakawhiti hiko te pou tuara o ngā pūnaha hiko hou—mai i te tuku hiko tawhiti-roa iti te ngaronga ki te whakamahinga haumaru i roto i ngā kāinga me ngā ahumahi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (me ngā kōrero mō ngā ara iahiko ōrite, te whakahaere ngaohiko, me te whai huatanga), he putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā ākonga kura waenga/kura tuarua.
