Ngā Momo Kirihou e Whakamahia ana hei Hanga Taonga Tākaro me te Hua o aua Mea
He wāhanga nui ngā taonga tākaro o te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki mai anō i ngā wā onamata. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te pūtaiao rauemi, kua noho te kirihou hei rauemi matua mō te hanga taonga tākaro. Nā ōna painga pēnei, pērā i te ngāwari, te kaha, me te kaha ki te kanapa ngā tae. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga taonga tākaro me te āhua o te hanga.
Ngā Momo Kirihou e Whakamahia Ana i te Hanga Taonga Tākaro
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Ko te polyethylene tētahi o ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga taonga takaro. E rua ngā momo: Te Polyethylene Kiato-Teitei (HDPE) me te Polyethylene Kiato-Iti (LDPE).
– HDPE: E mōhiotia ana mō tōna kaha me tōna ātete ki ngā wai me ngā matū, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te HDPE i roto i ngā taonga takaro e hiahia ana kia roa ake te mau. Hei tauira, ngā taonga takaro o waho pērā i ngā tūrei, ngā rauemi takaro māra rānei.
– LDPE: He ngāwari ake, he iti ake te kaha i te HDPE, e whakamahia ana te LDPE i roto i ngā taonga tākaro e hiahia ana kia ngāwari ake engari kāore e hiahia kia tino pakari, pērā i ngā tāre, i ngā taonga tākaro rānei ka taea te pēhi.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
He momo kirihou te polypropylene e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga taonga takaro. E mōhiotia ana te PP mō tōna ātete ki te pānga me tōna kaha ki te pupuri i tōna āhua ahakoa i muri i te whakamahana. Ko ngā taonga takaro e hangaia ana mai i te PP he maha ngā poraka hanga (pērā i te Lego) me ngā momo taputapu takaro taunekeneke.
3. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
E mōhiotia ana te kirihou ABS mō tōna kaha me tōna pakeke. Ko ngā taonga tākaro e hiahia ana kia tino pakari ka hangaia mai i te ABS. Ko te tauira tino rongonui ko ngā poraka hanga Lego. Ka whakamahia hoki tēnei kirihou i roto i ngā taonga tākaro mana mamao me ngā waka taonga tākaro nā tōna ātete ki te pānga.
4. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
He rerekē te rongonui o te PVC mō tōna ngāwari. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka whakahēngia tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā taonga takaro nā te mea he maha ngā tāpiringa kāore pea e haumaru mō ngā tamariki. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā taonga takaro rapa, ngā taonga takaro ngohengohe rānei, mai i te PVC.
5. Porotireini (PS)
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei kirihou mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia mārama, kia pakari hoki, pērā i ngā wāhanga mārama o ngā taonga takaro, ngā tauira iti rānei. Ka whakamahia hoki te polystyrene i roto i ngā taonga takaro kāore e hiahia kia kaha rawa.
Tukanga Hanga Taonga Tākaro Kirihou
He maha ngā tikanga me ngā tukanga hanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga taonga takaro kirihou. Anei ētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga taonga takaro kirihou:
1. Te Hanga Werohanga
Ko te werohanga whakarewa tētahi o ngā tikanga tino noa mō te hanga taonga takaro kirihou. Ko tēnei tukanga ko te ringihia o te kirihou rewa ki roto i te pokepokea ai, ā, ka tukua kia whakamatao, kia whakapakeke, ka hanga i te hua whakamutunga.
– Tukanga: Ka whakamahanahia te kirihou mata (he kirikiri te nuinga) kia rewa rā anō. Kātahi ka werohia tēnei kirihou rewa ki roto i tētahi pokepoke whakarewa kua hangaia kia rite ki te hoahoa taonga takaro e hiahiatia ana. Kātahi ka whakamataohia te kirihou, ka tangohia mai i te pokepoke.
– Ngā Painga: He tino whai hua tēnei tukanga mō te hanga papatipu nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā pokepokea ai i ngā wā maha. Ka taea hoki e ngā taonga takaro te whai kiko rawa.
2. Te Whakapūtanga Pupuhi
He rite te hanga pupuhi ki te hanga werohanga, engari e whakamahia ana hei hanga taonga takaro tuwhera pērā i ngā pounamu kirihou, i ngā pōro rānei.
– Tukanga: Ka ringihia te kirihou rewa ki roto i tētahi pokepokea ngongo, ka pupuhihia te hau ki roto kia piri ki ngā pakitara o te pokepokea, kia puta ai te āhua o te taonga takaro e hiahiatia ana. Kia mātao, ka whakatuwheratia te pokepokea, ā, ka tangohia te taonga takaro.
– Ngā Painga: He pai tēnei tukanga mō te hanga taonga takaro tuwhera me ngā rahinga nui engari he māmā, he pakari hoki.
3. Te Hanga Hurihuri
Ka whakamahia tēnei tukanga hei hanga taonga tākaro nunui, tuwhera kau, pērā i ngā pōro, i ngā taonga tākaro tūru nui rānei.
– Tukanga: Ka whakatakotoria te paura kirihou ki roto i tētahi pokepokea hurihuri. Kātahi ka whakamahanahia te pokepokea, ka hurihia i te wā kotahi i runga i ngā toki e rua, ka rewa te kirihou, ka piri ki ngā pakitara o roto o te pokepokea. Kia mātao, ka tangohia te pokepokea, ā, ka tangohia te taonga takaro.
– Ngā Painga: He tino pai tēnei tukanga mō te hanga taonga takaro nunui, tuwhera, he matotoru, he ōrite hoki ngā pakitara.
4. Te Hanga Wera
Ko te whakamahana i ngā pepa kirihou he tukanga e whakamahanatia ai kia ngawari, kātahi ka hangaia mā roto i te pokepokea ai.
– Tukanga: Ka whakamahanahia te pepa kirihou kia ngawari, kātahi ka whakatakotoria ki runga i te pokepoke. Ka whakamahia he korehau, he pēhanga hau rānei hei kukume i te pepa kirihou ki tōna tūranga, ka hangaia te hoahoa taonga takaro e hiahiatia ana.
– Ngā Painga: He tino pai tēnei tukanga mō te hanga taonga takaro he uaua ngā āhua me ngā taipitopito whakapaipai.
5. Te Whakaputa
Ka whakamahia tēnei tukanga mō ngā taonga takaro he roa, he pumau te āhua pērā i ngā paipa iti, i ngā tokotoko kirihou rānei.
– Tukanga: Ka panaia te kirihou rewa mā roto i tētahi mata hei hanga i tētahi roa o te kirihou me te āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga e hiahiatia ana. Kātahi ka whakamataohia te kirihou ka tapahia ki te rahi e hiahiatia ana.
– Ngā Painga: He tino whai hua tēnei tukanga mō te whakaputa i ngā taonga roa, ōrite.
Whakamutunga
He nui ngā ngāwari o te whakamahinga o ngā kirihou i roto i te umanga taonga takaro mō te hoahoa me te hanga. He āhuatanga motuhake ō ngā kirihou pēnei i te polyethylene, te polypropylene, te ABS, te PVC, me te polystyrene, ā, he pai mō ngā momo taonga takaro rerekē. Mā ngā tukanga hanga pēnei i te werohanga whakarewa, te pupuhi whakarewa, te hurihuri whakarewa, te hanga wera, me te extrusion ka taea te hanga taonga takaro kirihou i roto i ngā momo āhua me ngā rahi me te tino pai me te tika.
I tēnei umanga e whanake tonu ana, kei te pana tonu te auahatanga i ngā rohe o ngā mea ka taea me te kirihou, e hanga ana i ngā taonga takaro ehara i te mea he mea whakahihiri, he mea ngahau hoki, engari he mea haumaru, he mea pakari hoki. Mā te māramatanga hohonu ki ngā momo kirihou me ā rātou tukanga whakaputa, ka taea tonu e te umanga taonga takaro te whakaputa hua hei whakaoho i ngā whakaaro o ngā tamariki huri noa i te ao.
