Ngā Tikanga Taketake mō te Ārai i ngā Tukinga i te Moana
Ko te haumaru o te whakatere waka, ehara i te mea ko te āhua o te kaipuke me te rangi anake, engari ko te kaha hoki o te kapa ki te mārama me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ārai tukinga taketake i te moana. Ka puta pea ngā tukinga nā ngā āhuatanga maha: te iti o te tirohanga, te mangere ki te tiaki, te whakamāori hē i ngā nekehanga a tētahi atu kaipuke, me te kore whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I te ao moana, ehara te ārai tukinga i te mea he "tūpato" noa iho, engari he kaupapa e piri ana ki ngā ture o te ao me ngā tikanga whakatere kua whakamātauhia. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga taketake ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā tukinga, ahakoa mō ngā kaipuke hokohoko, ngā kaipuke hī ika, ngā kaipuke whakangahau iti rānei.
1. Kia Mārama ki ngā Mātāpono o ngā COLREG (Ngā Ture Ārai Tukinga)
Me tīmata ngā tikanga ārai tukinga me te mārama ki ngā ture matua e pā ana ki te ao katoa, arā, ko ngā COLREG (Ngā Ture ā-Ao mō te Ārai i ngā Tukinga ki te Moana). Mā ēnei ture e whakahaere ko wai me "tuku ara" (waka tuku ara) me wai me "pupuri i te huarahi/tere" (waka tū) i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūtakitanga waka.
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā āhuatanga e puta pinepine ana ko:
– Te anga whakamua (te anga whakamua): me huri te huarahi o ngā kaipuke e rua ki te taha matau kia whiti ai rāua i te tauranga ki te tauranga.
– Te whiti: ko te waka e kite ana i tētahi atu waka i te taha matau, me tuku ia i tōna ara.
– Te hopukanga: me tuku te waka e hopukanga ana, ahakoa te tūranga o te waka e hopukanga ana.
He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei ture hei ārai i ngā whakataunga kei kino haere te āhuatanga. He maha ngā aituā e puta mai ana i te whakaaro hē "me tuku te waka kē atu," i te mea he rerekē te tikanga o ngā ture.
2. Te Pupuri i tētahi Tirotiro Whai Hua
Ko te mātakitaki whai hua te tūāpapa o te ārai i ngā tukinga. Ehara i te mea ko te "tiro noa" te kaupapa o te mātakitaki, engari ko te kimi i ngā tūponotanga mōrearea i te wā e taea ai, me te mārama ki tōna hiranga.
Ētahi atu ngā mātāpono taketake te tirotiro:
– Me tirotiro ā-kanohi i ia wā, inā koa te taha mua o te kaipuke me te ahunga o te nekehanga o ngā waka.
– Whakamahia tō taringa hei rongo i ngā tangi o te mīhini, ngā pū, ngā tohu kohu rānei.
– Whakamahia ngā āwhina pēnei i te karu tirohanga, me te whakarite kia ma te karāhe matapihi o te piriti hei whakaiti i ngā ira matapo.
– Me whakarite kia haere tonu ngā tirotiro, kaua e whakararuraruhia e ētahi atu mahi pēnei i te whakamahi waea pūkoro, te kōrerorero, te mahi whakahaere rānei.
He hapa noa te whakawhirinaki katoa ki te radar. He āwhina te radar, engari me whakamārama tika tonu, ā, kāore i te whai hua i ngā wā katoa ki ngā mea iti, ki ngā mea paru rānei.
3. Te Aromatawai i te Mōrearea Tukinga: CPA me te TCPA
I roto i ngā mahi whakatere, ka aromatawaihia te mōrearea tukinga mā te whakamahi i te ariā o:
– CPA (Pūwāhi Tata o te Huarahi): te tawhiti tata rawa atu ka puta i waenganui i ngā kaipuke e rua mēnā ka mau tonu te huarahi me te tere o ngā kaipuke e rua.
– TCPA (Te Wā ki te Pūwāhi Tata rawa atu): te wā ki te pūwāhi CPA.
Mena he iti rawa te CPA, ā, kei te tata mai te TCPA, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te tukinga. I runga i ngā kaipuke hou, ka taea e te radar me te AIS te āwhina i te tatau aunoa i te CPA/TCPA. Heoi anō, me mārama tonu ngā mema o te kapa ki tā rātou whakamaoritanga:
– CPA iti + TCPA poto = me mahi tonu.
– He CPA rawaka engari he TCPA tawhito = kia mataara tonu, kaua e tukua tō tiaki kia ngoikore.
– Ka rerekē te CPA = tera pea he waka kē atu kei te nekeneke, he kore pumau rānei ngā raraunga.
Mā tēnei momo aromatawai ka ārai i te mataku koretake, ā, ka akiaki hoki i te mahi tere ina hiahiatia.
4. Whakahaerehia ngā Neuetanga i te Wā Wawe, i te Whakaoti, me te Mārama
Ko tētahi o ngā mātāpono matua hei karo i ngā tukinga ko te mahi wawe. Mā ngā nekehanga whakaroa ka whakapoauau i ētahi atu waka, ā, ka uaua ake te āhuatanga.
Ngā āhuatanga o ngā mahi whakahaere pai:
– Mōata: kaua e tatari kia tata rawa te tawhiti.
– Whakatau: he panonitanga o te huarahi, o te tere rānei, kia kitea mārama ai i te radar/tirohanga.
– Mārama: ngā nekehanga kore-whakahoki (pikopiko) e uaua ai te matapae.
Hei tauira, ki te hiahia koe ki te tuku i tō ara, he māmā ake ki ētahi atu kaipuke te mārama ki tētahi huringa nui o te huarahi ki te taha matau, i tētahi huringa iti, kāore e tino kitea.
5. Whakatakotoria he Tere Haumaru
Ehara i te mea ko te tere haumaru anake te mea e pā ana ki te mahi a te mīhini, engari ko te kaha hoki o te kaipuke ki te tū, ki te nekeneke, me te urupare ki ngā tūponotanga i runga i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tere haumaru ko:
– te tirohanga (kohu, ua nui, pō),
– te matotoru o te waka,
– te āheinga o te waka,
– ngā āhuatanga o te ngaru me te au,
– ngā pūkenga radar me te wheako o te kaiwhakahaere.
I ngā āhuatanga kīkī, i ngā āhuatanga iti rānei o te tirohanga, ko te whakaiti i te tere te whakatau whakaaro nui. Ka whakapotohia te wā tauhohenga e te tere nui rawa, ā, ka roa ake te tawhiti tū.
6. Te Whakamahi Tika i te Radar me te AIS
He taputapu nui te Radar me te AIS (Aunoa Tāutu Pūnaha) mō te kimi me te tautuhi i ētahi atu waka. Heoi, ko te tikanga matua ko te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu hei tāpiri, ehara i te whakakapi mō te mātakitaki ā-kanohi.
Ngā tohutohu mō te whakamahi i te radar/AIS:
– Whakaritea te awhe radar kia kite i ngā whakaahua tawhiti me ngā whakaahua tata i tētahi wā.
– Whakatinanahia te aroturukitanga whāinga hei aroturuki i te CPA/TCPA.
– Kia tūpato ki ngā "pūtake iti" pērā i ngā poti hī ika kāore he AIS, ngā poti rakau rānei he ngoikore te whakaata radar.
Kaua e tino whakawhirinaki ki ngā raraunga AIS mēnā kāore e kitea he tikanga; he hapa tāuru pea, he raruraru rānei.
Me whakangungua ngā kaiwhakahaere radar ki te pānui i te haruru, te raruraru (ngaru/ua), me te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā whakaata o te whenua me te kaipuke.
7. Te Mārama ki ngā Rama Whakatere me ngā Āhua o te Waka
I te pō, i te wā rānei e iti ana te tirohanga, ka āraia ngā rama ka noho te whakatere hei reo matua i waenga i ngā kaipukeKo te mōhio ki ngā rama he tikanga kia taea te whakamārama:
– te ahunga o te huarahi o te kaipuke kē,
– momo kaipuke (waka rere, kaipuke motuka, kaipuke he iti te kaha ki te nekeneke),
– ētahi mahi (hei tauira, he poti e hī ika ana).
Haunga ngā rama, i te awatea, kei reira ngā āhua (ngā āhua awatea) pērā i ngā porowhita, ngā koeko, ngā rango rānei e whakarato ana i ngā mōhiohio mō te āhua o te kaipuke. Mā te kore mōhio ki ngā rama ka arahi ngā kaipuke ki ngā whakatau hē i te wā e whiti ana, e hōpara ana rānei.
8. Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Tika me te Whakahaere Reo Irirangi
Ka taea e te reo irirangi VHF te āwhina ki te whakamārama i ngā whakaaro mō te nekeneke, inā koa i roto i ngā waka nui, i ngā wāhi kuiti rānei. Heoi anō, me āta whakahaere te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero:
– te whakamahi i ngā hongere tika,
– whakamāramahia te tuakiri me te tūranga o te kaipuke,
– whakaae poto ki tētahi huarahi mahi (hei tauira, "Ka huri au i te huarahi ki te taha matau"),
– kaua e roa ngā tautohetohe e moumou taima ana.
Kia maumahara: kāore te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakakapi i ngā COLREG. Mēnā ka rahua te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka kore rānei e aro mai, me mahi tonu i ngā mahi karo i runga anō i ngā ture me ngā mātāpono haumaru.
9. Te Matapae i ngā Āhuatanga Motuhake: Kohu, Awa, me te TSS
Me tino tupato ki ētahi āhuatanga:
– Kohu/kitenga iti: whakaitihia te tere, whakarongohia ngā tohu kohu e ai ki ngā ture, whakamahia te radar kia kaha, whakanuia te mātakitaki.
– Ngā awa/awa whaiti: ko ngā waka uaua ake te nekeneke ka whai i te kaupapa matua; kia mau ki te tūranga haumaru, me te whai i ngā tohu.
– Kaupapa Wehewehenga Waka (TSS): whakarongo ki te ara, kaua e tapahi noa, me te whiti i te koki haumaru.
Ko ngā hapa i te tomo ki te ara TSS, te tapahi rānei i waenga i ngā waka me te kore tatau, he tino take o ngā aituā.
10. Ngā Tikanga Pai: Tiaki, Whakamārama, me te Whakaharatau
Kāore e whai hua ngā tikanga taketake mēnā kāore he tikanga whakahaere pumau. Ētahi mahi nui:
– whakatakotohia he kaupapa mahi whaitake kia kore ai ngā āpiha e ngenge,
– whakahaere i tētahi hui poto i mua i te tomokanga ki tētahi wāhi pukumahi,
– te whakahaere i ngā whakangungu whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga tukinga tae atu ki ngā tikanga ohorere,
– tuhia ngā kaupapa nui me ngā whakataunga whakatere ki roto i te pukapuka takiuru.
Ko te ngenge te hoariri nui o te mataara. He maha ngā tukinga e puta ana ehara i te mea nā te kore o ngā taputapu, engari nā te kore arotahi.
Whakamutunga
Ko te karo i ngā tukinga i te moana he whakakotahitanga o te ū ki ngā ture, te pānui pūkenga o te āhuatanga, te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakatere , te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika, me te tiaki. Ko ngā tikanga taketake pēnei i te mārama ki ngā COLREG, te pupuri i te tirotiro, te aromatawai i te CPA/TCPA, te nekeneke wawe me te whakatau, te pupuri i te tere haumaru, me te whakamahi tika i te radar/AIS ka tino whakaiti i te mōrearea o tētahi aituā. Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakatere haumaru te hua o te whakatau tika i ia meneti—ā, ka taea anake te whakatau i aua whakatau mena kei te mataara te kapa, kei te whakangungu pai, ā, kei te whai i ngā tikanga tika.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga hei putanga hangarau ake (mō ngā āpiha papa/moana) hei putanga māmā ake rānei (mō ngā kaipupuri poti iti me ngā kaihao ika), me ngā tauira hoki mō te whiti, te hopu, me ngā horopaki kanohi ki te kanohi.
