Te Rerekētanga i waenga i te Pūnaha Whakamatao me te Mīhini Wera: Te Huaki i ngā Mea Ngaro o te Mahi me te Whakamahinga
Ko ngā miihini te pūtake o ngā momo taputapu me ngā waka e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. E rua ngā momo miihini e kōrerohia pinepinetia ana i roto i te hangarau ko ngā miihini whakamatao (ngā miihini whakamatao) me ngā miihini whakamahana (ngā miihini tahu). Ahakoa he mahi nui tā rāua i roto i te ao hou, he rerekē rawa ngā mātāpono whakahaere me ngā tono. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā miihini whakamatao me ngā miihini whakamahana, mai i ā rāua tikanga taketake ki ā rāua tono me te whai huatanga.
1. Whakamāramatanga me ngā Mātāpono Mahi
Mīhini Matao
He taputapu te mīhini whakamatao i hangaia hei whakawhiti i te wera mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu, mai i roto i tētahi rūma, i tētahi ipu rānei ki te taiao o waho. Ko ngā tauira noa o ngā mīhini whakamatao ko ngā pouaka whakamātao, ngā hauhautanga, me ngā pūnaha whakamatao waka.
Mātāpono Mahi: Ka whakahaerehia te pūnaha whakamatao i runga i te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics, e uru ana ki te hanganga o te huringa whakamatao, pērā i te Huringa Rankine, te Huringa Whakamatao rānei. He maha ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei pūnaha: he compressor, he condenser, he takirere whānui, me te evaporator. Ka tīmata te tukanga whakamatao mā te papu a te compressor i te hau pēhanga teitei ki te condenser. I roto i te condenser, ka tukuna e tēnei hau te wera ka huri hei wai. Kātahi ka tukuna tēnei wai mā roto i te takirere whānui ka whakaitihia tōna pēhanga ka tino heke tōna pāmahana. Ka haere tēnei hau whakamatao makariri ki te evaporator, ka mimiti i te wera mai i te taiao e karapoti ana, ka mātao ake te rūma, te rohe rānei.
Mīhini wera
Ko te miihini wera, te miihini mura rānei, he taputapu e huri ai te kaha wahie ki te kaha miihini mā te mura. Ko ngā tauira noa ko ngā miihini motuka, ngā miihini hau, me ngā miihini tīhiera.
Mātāpono Mahi: Ka mahi ngā miihini wera i runga i te ture tuatahi o te thermodynamics, e kī ana kāore e taea te hanga, te whakangaro rānei i te pūngao, engari ka hurihia anake. Ko te tikanga ka tīmata te tukanga mā te tahunga o te wahie i roto i te rūma tahunga, ka puta he hau i te pēhanga me te pāmahana teitei. Kātahi ka akiakihia e ēnei hau te piston, te turbine rānei kia neke, ā, ka hurihia tēnei nekehanga hei pūngao miihini. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā miihini tahunga ki ngā momo matua e rua: ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto (ICE), pērā i ngā mea e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā motuka, me ngā miihini tahunga o waho, pērā i ngā miihini mamaoa.
2. Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Whakamahinga
Mīhini Matao
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā mīhini whakamatao i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Anei ētahi o ngā wāhi matua e whakamahia ai:
– Ngā Pouaka Whakamātao me ngā Pouaka Tio: Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga tino noa, ko te whakamahi a ngā pouaka whakamātao i ngā mīhini whakamatao hei pupuri i te hou o te kai mā te whakaheke i te pāmahana i roto i te wāhi rokiroki.
– Te Āhuarangi me te Āhuarangi: Ka āwhina te mīhini whakamatao i roto i te hauhautanga ki te pupuri i te pāmahana rūma whakamarie, inā koa i ngā wāhi wera.
– Te Kawenga Pouaka Whakamatao: Ko ngā waka he pūnaha pouaka whakamātao hei kawe i ngā taonga e hiahia ana ki te pāmahana iti pērā i te kaimoana, ngā rongoā, me ētahi atu rauemi pirau.
– Ahumahi: He maha ngā tukanga ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā whakaritenga whakamatao tika kia mau tonu ai te mahi a ngā taputapu i ngā pāmahana tino pai, kia kore ai hoki e wera rawa.
Mīhini wera
I tētahi atu taha, he mea nui te mahi a ngā miihini wera ki te whakaputa hiko me te taraiwa i ngā momo waka me ngā mīhini ahumahi:
– Ngā Waka Motuka: Ka whakamahia e ngā motuka, ngā taraka, ngā motopaika, me ētahi atu waka ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto hei huri i te pūngao wahie hei nekehanga miihini.
– Rererangi: Ko ngā tāpine hau e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rererangi jet he tauira o tētahi momo miihini wera.
– Te Whakaputa Hiko: Ka whakamahia ngā miihini tahu, pērā i ngā tāpine hau me ngā tipu hiko mamaoa, hei whakaputa hiko i runga i te tauine nui.
– Ngā Taputapu Taumaha me ngā Mīhini Ahumahi: He maha ngā taputapu taumaha me ngā mīhini ahumahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mīhini tahu mō ā rātou mahi o ia rā.
3. Te Whai Hua me te Pānga ki te Taiao
Te Whai Hua o te Mīhini Whakamatao
Ko te tikanga, ka aromatawaihia ngā waeine pouaka whakamātao i runga i tā rātou Tauwehenga Mahi (COP), arā, te ōwehenga o te pūngao i puta mai i te whakamatao ki te pūngao e pau ana. Ko ngā waeine pouaka whakamātao o ēnei rā he pai ake te whai hua nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā rauemi hou e whakamahia ana i roto i te hoahoa me te hanga. Heoi, he nui te kaha hiko e hiahiatia ana e ngā waeine pouaka whakamātao, nō reira he tino whakawhirinaki te whai huatanga ki te pūtake pūngao e whakamahia ana. Kua noho hoki te whakamahinga o ngā pouaka whakamātao hei āwangawanga nui mō te taiao, inā koa te take e tipu haere ana o te mahana o te ao.
Te Whai Hua o te Mīhini Wera
Ko te whai huatanga wera he tohu matua hei aromatawai i te mahi a te miihini wera, arā, ko te ōwehenga o te pūngao i hurihia hei mana miihini ki te pūngao katoa o te wahie e whakamahia ana. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te whai huatanga o ēnei miihini i ngā miihini matao nā te ngaronga wera i roto i ngā hau putanga me ētahi atu wāhanga. Heoi anō, kei te haere tonu te hangarau ki te whakapai ake i tēnei whai huatanga, pērā i ngā miihini ranu me te hangarau turbocharger.
Pānga ki te Taiao
He nui ngā pānga o ngā miihini makariri me ngā miihini wera ki te taiao.
– Ngā Mīhini Whakamatao: He āwangawanga nui te whakamahinga o ngā hauhautanga e taea ai te whakaiti i te paparanga ozone me te whakanui ake i te pānga kati kōtuhi. Hei whakatika i tēnei, ka pāngia ngā momo me ngā rahinga o ngā hauhautanga ka taea te whakamahi. Kei te haere tonu ngā mahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā hauhautanga e pai ana ki te taiao.
– Ngā Mīhini Wera: Ka tukuna e ngā mīhini tahu ngā hau kati kōtuhi pēnei i te CO2, te NOx, me ētahi atu matūriki poke, e whai wāhi ana ki te mahana o te ao me te parahanga o te hau. He maha ngā whenua kua whakauru i ngā paerewa tukunga hei whakaiti i ēnei pānga me te whakatenatena i te whanaketanga o te hangarau waka hiko me te waka ranu.
4. Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui ngā miihini whakamatao me ngā miihini whakamahana e rua e tautoko ana i te oranga hou i ngā huarahi rerekē. Mā ngā miihini whakamatao tātou e āwhina kia noho whakamarie, kia hou hoki, ko ngā miihini whakamahana ia e āhei ai tātou ki te neke me te mahi. Mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mea e rua ka āwhina i a tātou ki te whakamahi i ēnei hangarau i roto i ngā huarahi whai hua me te taiao. Mā te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te mōhio ki te taiao, tera pea ka kitea i te heke mai ētahi atu auahatanga hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao o ngā momo miihini e rua.
