Te Whakawhiti Pūngao i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakamatao me te Pouaka Whakamātao
He wāhanga nui o te ao hou ngā pūnaha whakamatao me te whakamatao, mai i ngā pouaka whakamātao me ngā pouaka tio o te whare ki ngā hauhautanga, ki te rokiroki makariri mō ngā ahumahi kai me te rongoā. Kei te ngako o ēnei hangarau katoa te whakawhiti pūngao, te nuinga i roto i te ahua o te wera, mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu. He mea whakamīharo, ko te kaupapa o tētahi pūnaha whakamatao ehara i te "hanga makariri," engari ko te whakawhiti wera mai i te wāhi hei whakamatao ki te taiao o waho. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te whakawhiti pūngao i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao me te whakamatao, ngā tukanga e whai wāhi ana, me ngā wāhanga matua e whai hua ai tēnei whakawhiti pūngao.
Ngā Ariā Taketake: Te Wera, te Pāmahana, me te Pūngao
I roto i te thermodynamics, ko te wera he pūngao e whakawhitihia ana nā te rerekētanga o te pāmahana. Mena he rerekē te pāmahana o ngā mea e rua, o ngā wāhi e rua rānei, ka rere te wera mai i te pāmahana teitei ki te pāmahana iti iho. Heoi, i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao, ka "akina" e tātou te wera kia rere mai i te wāhi pāmahana iti iho (hei tauira, te pouaka whakamātao) ki te taiao mahana ake (te hau o waho). Kia tutuki ai tēnei, me mahi, me pūngao rānei te pūnaha, mai i te hiko hei whakakaha i te compressor.
Nō reira, e rua ngā mea nui e pā ana ki te whakawhiti pūngao i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao:
1. Te whakawhiti wera mai i te wāhi matao ki te hauhautanga (te matū whakamatao).
2. Te urunga mahi mai i te pūwhakakoi hei rere i te wera ki waho.
Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Huringa Whakamatao Kōpeketanga Kohu
He maha ngā pouaka whakamātao me ngā hauhautanga e whakamahi ana i te huringa kōpeketanga mamaoa. Ka whakamahia e tēnei huringa te huringa āhua o te hauhautanga (mai i te wai ki te mamaoa, me te hurihanga) hei mimiti me te tuku i te wera. E whā ngā wāhanga matua: te pūwero, te pūwero, te pūwhakamātao, me te takirere whakawhanui. Ka puta te whakawhiti pūngao i ia wāhanga.
1. Pūwhakarewa: Te mimiti wera mai i te wāhi makariri
Ko te evaporator te wāhanga kei roto i te wāhi hei whakamatao. I konei, ka uru te hauhautanga pēhanga iti hei ranunga wai-kohu, wai matao rānei, kātahi ka mimiti. He nui te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mō te tukanga mimiti, e kiia nei ko te wera huna o te mimiti. Ka "tangohia" tēnei pūngao mai i te hau i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, i te rūma rānei e whakamataohia ana e te hauhautanga.
Nā reira:
– Ka ngaro te wera o te hau e karapoti ana i te mīhini whakapūkara → ka heke te pāmahana rūma.
– Ka mimiti te wera i te pouaka whakamātao → ka huri te āhua mai i te wai ki te kohu.
Ka puta te whakawhiti wera i roto i te evaporator mā roto i te huinga o ngā tikanga:
– Te whakawhiti wera: ka rere te hau i roto i ngā paipa whakapūhau, ka whakawhiti i te wera.
– Te kawe hiko: ka neke te wera mā roto i ngā pakitara o ngā paipa.
– I ētahi wā ka tautokona e te pā hau hei whakanui ake i te tere o te kawe hiko kia tere ake ai te whakamatao.
2. Pūhiko Whakapūngao: Te Whakauru Mahi hei Whakanui i te Pēhanga me te Mahana
I muri i te wehenga atu i te pūwero, ka noho te hauhautanga hei kohu pēhanga iti. Kātahi ka pēhia e te pūwero tēnei kohu, ka tino whakanuia tōna pēhanga. Me whakamahi te pūngao hiko i tēnei tukanga pēhanga, ka hurihia hei pūngao miihini.
Pānga kōpeketanga:
– Ka piki te pēhanga o te pouaka whakamātao.
– Ka piki ake hoki te pāmahana o te pouaka whakamātao, ka wera ake i te hau o waho.
Koinei te take e taea ai e ngā pouaka whakamātao te tuku wera ki tētahi taiao mahana ake: nā te mea i muri i te pēhanga, ka teitei ake te pāmahana o te pouaka whakamātao i te pāmahana taiao, kia taea ai te rere maori atu te wera.
3. Pūwhakamātao: Tukunga o te Wera ki te Taiao
Kei waho tonu o te rūma whakamatao te pūwhakamātao—hei tauira, i roto i te mata i muri i te pouaka whakamātao, i te waeine o waho rānei o te hauhautanga. I konei, ka tukuna te wera e te hauhautanga kohu wera, pēhanga teitei ki te hau o waho, ka huri te āhua ki te wai.
I tēnei wā, ka puta he whakawhiti pūngao i roto i te āhua o:
– Ka tukuna te wera mai i te pouaka whakamātao ki te hau e karapoti ana (te whakakorenga wera).
– Ka pāngia te hauhautanga e te wai whakamātao, ka tukuna he nui o te wera huna.
Ko te tikanga whakawhiti wera i roto i te pūwhakamātao ko te tikanga whānui:
– Te whakawhiti hau māori, te whakawhiti hau ā-pūkaha rānei (mā te whakamahi i te hau pā i runga i te hauhautanga).
– Te kawe wera mā roto i ngā pakitara o ngā paipa me ngā tara, e whakawhanui ake ana i te horahanga whakawhiti wera.
Ka pai ake te tango a te pūwhakamātao i te wera, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te mahi a te pūnaha.
4. Takirere Whānui: Te Hekenga o te Pēhanga me te Mahana
I muri i te hurihanga hei wai pēhanga teitei, ka haere te hau mā roto i te takirere whakawhanui, i te ngongo kapia rānei. Ka heke ohorere te pēhanga, ka mimiti te hau, ka tino heke te pāmahana. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga he whakawhanui, he whakawhāiti rānei.
Ahakoa kāore te takirere whānui e mahi i ngā mahi ā-mīhini, he mea nui tana mahi i roto i te whakawhiti pūngao nā te mea:
– Whakahaere i te rere o te hau whakamatao.
– Ka whakaiti i te enthalpy whai hua kia rite ai te hau mātao ki te mimiti i te wera i roto i te evaporator.
Nā reira, ka whakamatao anō te hauhautanga, ā, ka tīmata anō te huringa.
He aha te hiranga o ngā pouaka whakamātao mō te whakawhiti pūngao?
Ka whiriwhiria ngā pouaka whakamātao nā te mea he āhuatanga pāmahana-ā-tinana kei roto e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti pūngao whai hua, pēnei i:
– He wera huna teitei, nō reira ka taea e ia te mimiti/te tuku i te nui o te pūngao ina huri te āhua.
– Te pūwāhi kohua e ai ki te awhe pāmahana whakahaere.
– Pūmau, hototahi hoki ki ngā rauemi pūnaha.
– Haumaru, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao (ahakoa ko ētahi o ngā whakatipuranga tawhito o ngā pouaka whakamatao ka whakangaro i te ozone, he nui rānei te GWP).
Ka pā te kōwhiringa o te matū whakamatao ki te whai huatanga, te haumaru, me te pānga ki te taiao o te pūnaha whakamatao.
Tauwehenga Mahi (COP) me te Whai Hua Pūngao
He maha ngā wā ka aromatawaihia te whai huatanga o tētahi pūnaha whakamatao mā te whakamahi i te COP (Coefficient of Performance). He māmā noa iho:
– Mō te pouaka whakamātao:
COP = Te wera e mimitia ana i roto i te mahi whakapūngao/whakapūngao
– Mō ngā papu wera (ngā whakamahana):
COP = Te wera i tukuna i roto i te mahi whakapūtā / whakapūtā
Ko te tikanga o te COP teitei, ahakoa he iti noa te kaha hiko, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakawhiti i te nui o te wera. Koinei te take kāore ngā hauhautanga me ngā pouaka whakamātao e "huri tika i te hiko ki te makariri", engari ka whakamahia te hiko hei pupuhi i te wera.
Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te COP ko:
– Te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te mīhini whakapūhau me te mīhini whakapūhau (ka nui ake te rerekētanga, ka uaua ake te mahi a te mīhini whakapūhau).
– Te āhua o te ma o te pūwhakamātao me te pūwhakapūngao.
– Te kounga o te whakamarumaru o te rūma makariri.
– Te momo me te āhua o te wai whakamatao.
– Te whai huatanga o te pūwero me te whakahaere whakawhanui.
Ētahi atu momo whakawhiti pūngao: Ngā ngaronga wera me ngā kawenga
I roto i te mahi, ehara i te mea ka tangohia noa e te pūnaha whakamatao te wera mai i te "hua" me te hau rānei, engari me aro atu hoki ki ngā kawenga wera maha, hei tauira:
– Te mimiti o te hau ina whakatuwheratia te tatau o te pouaka whakamātao, te turuturu rānei o te hau i roto i te rūma whakamatao.
– Te wera e pā mai ana i te taiao e karapoti ana.
– Te rere o te hiko mā roto i ngā pakitara me te ngoikore o te whakamarumaru.
– Te wera mai i ngā motuka pā, ngā rama, ngā taputapu hiko rānei i roto i te rūma whakamatao.
– Te wera mai i te hua e whakaurua ana (hei tauira, te kai wera).
Ka whakanuia e ēnei kawenga wera katoa te wera e mimitia ana e te mīhini whakapūhau, ka roa ake te mahi a te mīhini whakapūhau, ka piki ake te whakapaunga hiko, ā, ka heke iho te whai huatanga.
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Pānga i roto i te Oranga o Ia Rā
He mea whai hua te mārama ki te whakawhiti pūngao i roto i te pouaka whakamātao mō te whakamahinga pai ake o te pūngao, hei tauira:
– Kia ma te pūwhakamātao kia maeneene ai te marara o te wera.
– Kaua e tāpirihia te kai wera ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao.
– Whakaititia te auau o te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau o te pouaka whakamātao.
– Me whakarite kia mau te hiri o te tatau kia kore ai e uru te hau mahana.
– Whakatakotoria te pāmahana AC kia rite ki te āhua tūturu (hei tauira, 24–26°C) kia kore ai e nui rawa te rerekētanga o te pāmahana.
He pānga tika tā tēnei mahi māmā ki ngā kawenga whakawhiti pūngao me te whakapaunga hiko.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakawhiti pūngao i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao ko te tukanga whakawhiti wera mai i te wāhi pāmahana iti ki te taiao pāmahana teitei ake mā te āwhina o te pūwero. Mā te huringa pēhanga mamaoa—mā te evaporator, te pūwero, te condenser, me te takirere whānui—ka taea e te refrigerant te mimiti me te tuku i te wera, ko te nuinga mā roto i ngā huringa āhuahanga he nui te pūngao huna. Ka whakatauhia te whai huatanga o te pūnaha e te kaha o ngā wāhanga ki te whakakore me te mimiti i te wera, ngā rerekētanga pāmahana whakahaere, me te whakahaere i ngā kawenga wera mai i te taiao. Mā te mārama ki ngā tikanga o tēnei whakawhiti pūngao, ka taea e tātou te tiaki me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamatao kia pai ake te whai hua, kia pai te whai hua o te pūngao, kia pai hoki te taiao.
