Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Centrifuge i roto i ngā Taiwhanga
He taputapu nui te centrifuge i roto i ngā taiwhanga maha, mai i ngā taiwhanga haumanu me ngā taiwhanga koiora ki ngā taiwhanga matū, tae atu ki ngā ahumahi rongoā me te kai. E mahi ana i runga i te kaupapa o te kaha centrifuge, he kaha e puta mai ana i te hurihanga tere e wehewehe ana i ngā matūriki tauira i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te kiato me te rahi. Mā ōna āheinga wehewehe tere me te tika, ka whai wāhi ngā centrifuge ki te whai huatanga o ngā tukanga tātari, rangahau, me te whakaputa. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamahinga o ngā centrifuge i roto i ngā taiwhanga, ō rātou momo, me ngā tauira o tā rātou tono.
Te Mātāpono Mahi Poto o te Centrifuge
Ko te tikanga, ka hurihia e te centrifuge te tauira i roto i te ngongo i te tere tere. I a ia e hurihuri ana, ka panaia ngā wāhanga taumaha ki waho (ki raro o te ngongo), ko ngā wāhanga māmā ake ka noho ki runga. Ko te wehenga ka puta ko ngā wāhanga e rua: he paru (piringa) kei raro me te wai i runga. Hei whakarite i te wehenga pai rawa atu, me aro te kaiwhakahaere ki ētahi tawhā, pēnei i te tere hurihuri (RPM, RCF rānei), te wā, te pāmahana, me te momo rotor e whakamahia ana.
Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Centrifuge i roto i ngā Taiwhanga
1. Te Wehewehe i ngā Wāhanga Toto i roto i te Taiwhanga Hauora
Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga tino noa o te centrifuge ko te whakamātautau toto. Ko te tauira toto he mea hanga mai i te plasma/serum, ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā, me ngā platelets. Mā te centrifuge ka taea te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga toto mō ngā momo whakamātautau, pēnei i:
– Te whakarite i te toto mō ngā whakamātautau matū haumanu pēnei i te tirotiro i te huka toto, te cholesterol, ngā whākōkī ate me ngā taumata electrolyte.
– Te wehenga toto mō ngā whakamātautau toto totoka (toto totoka), ētahi tātaritanga rānei e hiahiatia ana te toto totoka.
– Te wehenga o te huruhuru buffy (he paparanga angiangi kei roto ngā leukocyte me ngā platelets) hei tirotiro toto, hei tātaritanga atu rānei.
Ki te kore he mīhini centrifuge, ka roa te tukanga wehenga, ā, kāore e tino ōrite ngā hua.
2. Te Wehewehe me te Whakama i te DNA, te RNA, me te Pūmua
I roto i ngā taiwhanga koiora ngota, he taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana te centrifuge. Ko te tango DNA/RNA me ngā tikanga purenga pūmua he maha ngā mahi centrifuge hei:
– Te whakapūpū i ngā kongakonga pūtau, i ngā karihi pūtau rānei.
– Te wehewehe i te wāhanga wai i te tangohanga (hei tauira, te wehewehe i ngā wai kei roto ngā waikawa karihi).
– Te kohikohi i te DNA/RNA/pūmua i roto i te āhua o te pirepire i muri i te tāpiri i te waipiro, i ētahi matū rānei.
– Te horoi i ngā pirepire ki te whakamahi i te pūwero hei whakapai ake i te parakore.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā miihini whakararo iti mō ngā ngongo iti (hei tauira, 1,5–2 mL) i roto i ngā tukanga rangahau ira, te PCR, te raupapatanga, me te tātari whakaaturanga ira.
3. Te Wehewehe i ngā Pūtau me ngā Matūriki i roto i te Ahurea Moroiti
I roto i te koiora moroiti, ka whakamahia te centrifuge hei kohikohi i ngā pūtau kitakita, i ngā pūtau rewena rānei mai i ngā wai. Ko ōna whakamahinga ko:
– Whakakotahitia ngā moroiti i mua i te mātakitakitanga mōkito, i ngā whakamātautau matū koiora rānei.
– Te tango i te koiora mō te tango ira, pūmua, matūkai rānei.
– Horoia ngā pūtau ki te wai whakapūmau hei tango i ngā mea e toe ana ka whakararuraru pea i te whakamātautau.
Mā te hurihanga tika, ka taea te kohikohi i ngā pūtau moroiti hei pirepire ka ngāwari te wehe atu i ngā pāpāho.
4. Te Wehewehenga o te Parataiao i roto i te Tātari Matū
I roto i ngā taiwhanga matū tātari, he tino āwhina ngā centrifuge ki te whakateretere i te wehenga o ngā matū mai i ngā otinga. I roto i ētahi whakamātautau, ka puta he matū, me tango atu i mua i te tātari, i te ine atu rānei. Ka taea e ngā centrifuge te:
– Ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te tātari roa.
– Tikina he wai mata mārama ake mō te tātari irahiko, i te tātari titration rānei.
– Ka wehea ngā matūriki angiangi e uaua ana ki te tātari ki te pepa tātari noa.
He mea nui rawa tēnei ina he iti ngā tauira, ina rānei e hiahiatia ana he hua tere.
5. Te Whakamātautau Kounga i roto i ngā Ahumahi Rongoā me te Kai
Haunga te rangahau me te whakamahinga haumanu, he whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā centrifuges i roto i te mana whakahaere kounga (QC). I roto i te umanga rongoā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā centrifuges mō:
– Te tirotiro i te pumau o te whakatārewatanga, te emulsion rānei.
– Te whakamātautau mō te wehenga ā-wāhanga ka puta pea i roto i ngā hua wai.
– Āwhina i te purenga o ngā matū hohe, te wehenga rānei o te paru i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa iti.
I roto i te umanga kai, he mea whai hua ngā mīhini whakapūtā mō te wehewehe i te ngako, te paru, ngā matūriki rānei i ngā hua wai, hei tauira, i te tukatuka i te miraka, i ngā inu, i ngā tangohanga kai rānei.
6. Te Wehewehenga i runga i te Kiato (Te Whakapūtanga Rerekē Kiato)
Mō ngā mahi matatau ake, ka taea te whakamahi i te centrifuge me te tikanga pikinga mātotoru, e whakamahi ana i ngā otinga me ngā mātotoru rerekē (hei tauira, te sucrose, te cesium chloride rānei). He whai hua tēnei tikanga mō:
– Te wehewehe i ngā whekau pūtau pērā i te mitochondria, te karihi, me ngā lysosomes.
– Ka wehe i ngā matūriki huaketo.
– Whakapūmau i te DNA plasmid, i ngā kongakonga koiora motuhake rānei.
E whakamahia ana tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā rangahau hauora nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā wehenga motuhake ake i te centrifugation noa.
7. Whakatereterehia te Tukanga Whakatakotoranga i roto i ngā Tikanga Rerekē
He maha ngā tikanga taiwhanga e hiahia ana ki te taunga tūturu (whakapūpū), engari he puhoi te whakapūpū tūturu. Ka tere ake tēnei tukanga mā te whakamahi i te centrifuge, ka whakapoto i te wā mahi, ka whakapiki ake hoki i te hua. Ka nui ake te whai hua o tēnei taputapu, inā koa i roto i ngā taiwhanga he nui ngā tauira.
Ngā Momo Centrifuge e Whakamahia Ana
Ka taea e ia taiwhanga te whakamahi i tētahi pūwhakawhiti rerekē e ai ki ōna hiahia:
1. Pūwero haumanu: e whakamahia ana hei wehe i te toto/plasma mai i te toto.
2. Pūwhakawhitiwhiti iti: mō ngā ngongo iti, he mea noa i roto i te koiora ngota.
3. Pūwero whakamātao: he pouaka whakamatao kei roto mō ngā tauira tairongo-mahana pērā i ngā pūmua me ngā whākōkī.
4. Pūwero tere-teitei: mō te wehenga pai ake me te tere teitei.
5. Pūwhakawhitiwhiti-ā-ira: hei wehewehe i ngā matūriki tino iti pēnei i ngā huaketo, ngā ribosome, ngā lipoprotein rānei.
Ko te kōwhiringa o te momo centrifuge e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere e hiahiatia ana, te kaha o te ngongo, me te pumau o te tauira.
Ngā Mea Hira mō te Whakamahi i te Centrifuge: Te Haumaru me te Tika
Ahakoa he whai hua, he tūponotanga pea ngā mōrearea o ngā centrifuge mēnā kāore i te tika te whakamahinga. Ko ētahi mea hei whakaaroaro ko:
– Te whakataurite i te ngongo: me taurite te papatipu o te ngongo kia kore ai e wiri te rotor, kia kore ai hoki e kino te taputapu, e aituā rānei.
– Te whakamahi i ngā ngongo tika: me ātete te rauemi ngongo ki ētahi tere me ngā tauhohenga.
– Katia te rotor kia tika: hei ārai i ngā turuturu, i ngā hau rānei.
– Kia tutuki ngā herenga RPM/RCF: nā te mea he rohe haumaru tō ia rotor.
– Te horoi i ngā turuturu: He mea morearea pea ngā tauira koiora kua maringi, ā, me whakahaere kia rite ki ngā tikanga haumaru koiora.
Mā te whakamahi tupato ka kore e haumaru anake, engari ka tika, ka ōrite hoki ngā hua wehenga.
Whakamutunga
He whānui, he taketake hoki ngā whakamahinga o ngā centrifuge i roto i ngā taiwhanga, ko te nuinga mō te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga i roto i ngā tauira i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te kiato me te rahi. Mai i te wehenga toto i roto i ngā taiwhanga haumanu, te wehenga DNA/RNA i roto i te koiora ngota, te kohikohi pūtau moroiti, ki te whakamātautau kounga i roto i te ahumahi, ka āwhina ngā centrifuge ki te tere ake i ngā tukanga mahi me te whakapai ake i te tika o te tātari. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i te centrifuge me te whakatinanatanga o ngā tikanga haumaru tika, ko ēnei taputapu te pou tuarā o te maha o ngā mahi taiwhanga hou.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te tāpiri i tētahi wāhanga mō "me pēhea te pānui i te RCF me te RPM" me tētahi tauira tātaitanga māmā rānei kia māmā ake ai te whakamahi mō ngā pūrongo taiwhanga.
