Me pēhea te tatau i te nui o te wai i roto i tētahi tauira
He mea nui te nui o te makuku hei mārama i roto i ngā momo ahumahi, mai i te ahuwhenua me te kai ki ngā rongoā me te hanga. Ka pā tika te nui o te makuku ki te kounga, te roa o te wā e rongoa ai, me te whakamahinga o tētahi hua, rauemi rānei. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama me te whakahaere i te nui o te makuku. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga maha e whakamahia ana hei tatau i te nui o te makuku i roto i ngā tauira me ngā whakaaro me whai whakaaro i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te tikanga tika.
Pendahuluan
Ko te nui o te makuku e tautuhia ana ko te ōrau o te wai kei roto i tētahi rauemi e whakaritea ana ki tōna taumaha katoa. Ko ngā tikanga ine i te nui o te makuku e wehea ana kia rua ngā wāhanga: te ine tika me te ine kore tika. Ko ngā tikanga tika ko te tango i te wai mai i tētahi tauira me te ine i tōna taumaha i mua me muri i te tukanga, ko ngā tikanga kore tika ia e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu, i ngā tikanga rānei kāore e uru ki te tango ā-tinana i te wai.
Tikanga Tika
1. Ōumu Whakamaroke (Tikanga Whakamātautau)
Ko tēnei tikanga tētahi o ngā tikanga tino noa, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo ahumahi. He tino māmā noa iho te tikanga:
– Tukanga Whakamaroke: Ka paunatia te tauira i mua i te whakamaroketanga (taumaha tīmatanga). Kātahi ka whakamarokehia te tauira ki roto i te oumu i te pāmahana kua whakaritea (ko te tikanga he 105°C) kia pumau rā anō tōna taumaha.
– Te pauna: Kia maroke, ka paunatia anō te tauira (te pauna whakamutunga).
– Tātaitanga o te Ihirangi Wai: Ka tātaitia te ihirangi wai mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[
\text{Te Ihirangi Wai (\%)} = \frac{\text{Taumaha Tīmatanga – Taumaha Whakamutunga}}{\text{Taumaha Tīmatanga}} \times 100
\]
Ngā Painga: Ngā hua tika mō ngā momo rauemi rerekē.
Ngā Huakore: He roa te wā, ā, me whai taputapu oumu tika.
2. Kaiwhakamaroke
He rite tēnei tikanga ki te oumu whakamaroke engari he whakamaroke te whakamahinga hei tango i te makuku. He tikanga tēnei mō ngā rauemi e pāngia ana e te pāmahana teitei.
– Tukanga Whakamaroke: Ka whakanohoia te tauira ki roto i tētahi whakamaroke kei roto he matū whakamaroke (pērā i te silica gel) kia tau ai te taumaha.
– Tukanga Pauna: Kia maroke, ka paunatia anō te tauira.
– Te Tātaitanga o te Ihirangi Wai: Pērā i te tātaitanga i roto i te oumu whakamaroke.
Ngā Painga: He pai mō ngā rauemi e tairongo ana ki te wera.
Ngoikore: Ka roa ake te tukanga whakamaroke.
Tikanga Ā-kore
1. Te Whakamahinga o te Kaitātari Makuku
He taputapu tātari makuku i hangaia mō te ine tere i te nui o te wai. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga whakamaroke me te pauna i roto i te taputapu kotahi ka mahi.
Tukanga Mahi:
– Ka whakanohoia te tauira ki roto i te taputapu.
– Ka whakamahana te taputapu i te tauira, ā, ka ine i te panonitanga o te taumaha i te wā tonu.
– Ka tatau te taputapu i te nui o te wai i runga i te taumaha tīmatanga me te taumaha whakamutunga o te tauira.
Ngā Painga: Tere me te whai hua.
Ngā Huakore: He utu nui tēnei taputapu, ā, me whakatikatika auau.
2. Te Whakatauritenga Karl Fischer
He tikanga matū tino tika te tikanga tātaitanga a Karl Fischer mō te ine i te nui o te wai i roto i ngā rauemi maha, inā koa ko ērā he iti rawa te nui o te wai.
Tukanga Mahi:
– Ka rewa te tauira ki te matū Karl Fischer.
– Ka puta he tauhohenga matū i waenganui i te wai i roto i te tauira me te matū matū, ka hua ake he panoni tae, he panoni hiko rānei e taea te ine.
– Ka tatauhia te nui o te wai i runga i te ine ine i mahia.
Ngā Painga: Tino tika, ahakoa mō ngā taumata wai tino iti.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: Me whakamahi i ngā taputapu taiwhanga motuhake me ngā matū utu nui.
3. Whakaata Tata-Ira-Pūkākā (NIR)
Ko te Whakaata Tata-Pūwhero he tikanga tirotiro e whakamahi ana i te whakaata o te mārama pūwhero hei ine i te nui o te wai. Mā te mārama pūwhero e whakaatahia ana e te tauira ka homai he mōhiohio e pā ana ki te nui o te wai.
Tukanga Mahi:
– Ka tukuna e ngā taputapu NIR te mārama whero-whero ki runga i te tauira.
– Ka tātarihia te mārama whakaata mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko.
– Ka tatauhia te nui o te wai i runga i ngā raraunga whakaata.
Ngā Painga: Tere, ā, kāore e whakangaro.
Ngā Huakore: Me whakatikatika tika, ā, he nui te utu.
Ngā Whakaaro mō te Kōwhiri i tētahi Tikanga
1. Momo Tauira:
– Mō ngā rauemi e pāngia ana e ngā pāmahana tiketike, karohia te tikanga whakamaroke i roto i te oumu.
– Kōwhiria he tikanga e ōrite ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te tauira pēnei i te kakano, te āhua (totoka, wai rānei), me te aro.
2. Te Tika me te Tino Tika:
– Mena e hiahia ana koe ki ngā hua tino tika, he pai ake te tikanga Karl Fischer, te tikanga NIR rānei.
– Mō ngā hiahia auau me te tere, he mīhini tātari makuku pea te kōwhiringa.
3. Ngā utu:
– Whakaarohia tō tahua. He iti ake te utu o te tikanga ine taumaha engari he roa te wā e pau ana.
– Ka taea te whakakore i te haumitanga ki ngā taputapu pēnei i te tātari makuku, i te Karl Fischer rānei e te tino whai huatanga.
4. Wā:
– Mena he mea nui te wā, whiriwhiria he tikanga e hiahia ana kia tere ake te ine pērā i te tātari makuku, te NIR rānei.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te ine i te nui o te wai i roto i ngā tauira e pā ana ki te kounga me te roa o te hua i roto i ngā momo ahumahi. Me tika te tikanga i whiriwhiria ki te momo tauira, ngā whakaritenga tika, te utu, me te wā e wātea ana. He kōwhiringa taketake rongonui ngā tikanga ine taumaha, engari i ētahi wā ka tere ake, ka tika ake hoki ngā hua o te hangarau matū me te ine matawai. Nō reira, he mea nui te whiriwhiri tikanga ātaahua kia tika ai, kia whai hua ai hoki ngā hua.
