Te Pānga o ngā Wā ki te Hī Ika
He rāngai nui te hī ika i roto i te ōhanga o te ao, inā koa mō ngā whenua he whānui ngā rohe moana. I Indonesia, e mōhiotia ana he whenua moana, he mahi nui tā tēnei rāngai ki te mahi me te whakarato kai. Heoi anō, he uaua ngā mahi hī ika, ko tētahi o ēnei ko te awe o ngā wā. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ia wā—ua, maroke hoki—ka pā ki te hua me ngā mahi o te rāngai hī ika. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te pānga o ngā wā ki ngā hī ika, e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga taiao, ōhanga, me te pāpori.
1. Te Awe o ngā Wā ki te Rauropi Hī Ika
a. Te Pāmahana o te Wai me ngā Tauira Hekenga o ngā Ika
He mea nui te pāmahana o te wai moana e pāngia ana e ngā huringa o te wā. I te wā maroke, he teitei ake te pāmahana o te wai i te wā ua . Ka pā pea ēnei huringa pāmahana ki te pākia o te kai a ngā ika, tae atu ki tō rātou horapa me ngā tauira hekenga. I ngā pāmahana makariri ake, pērā i ngā mea e pā ana ki te wā ua i ētahi rohe, he kaha ake te ika ki te rapu kai. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e ngā pāmahana teitei ake i te wā maroke te whakaiti i ngā taumata hāora i roto i te wai, ka pā ki te hauora o ngā ika me te wātea o te kai.
Ka pāngia hoki ngā tauira hekenga ika e ngā huringa o te pāmahana wai . Ko ngā ika o te moana pērā i te tuna me te skipjack tuna ka heke ki ngā wāhi he pai te pāmahana mō te tipu. Ko te tikanga me whakarerekē e ngā kaihao ika ā rātou wāhi hī ika kia whakaata i ngā whanonga hekenga ika o te wā.
b. Te Hua Matua
Ka pāngia hoki te hua tuatahi o ngā rauropi wai e ngā wā. I te wā ua, ka piki ake te rerenga wai mai i uta ki te moana, ka mauria ngā matūkai pēnei i te hauota me te whākawa. Ka taea e ēnei matūkai te whakanui ake i te hua tuatahi , ka pā ki te mekameka kai moana. Mā te pikinga ake o te hua tuatahi ka nui ake te wātea o te plankton, te puna kai matua mō te tini o ngā momo ika.
I tetahi atu taha, i te wā maroke, ka heke te rere o ngā matūkai, ka heke te hua tuatahi. Ka whakaitihia hoki e tēnei hekenga te wātea o te kai mā ngā ika, ka pā ki ngā hopunga.
2. Te Awe o ngā Wā ki te Ōhanga Hī Ika
a. Ngā Hurihurihanga Whakaputa
Ko ngā rerekētanga o te whakaputanga ika tētahi o ngā pānga tino kitea o ngā huringa o te wā ki ngā mahi hī ika. Hei tauira, i te wā ua, ka taea e ngā hau kaha me ngā ngaru teitei te whakaiti i te wā mahi a ngā kaihao ika i te moana. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga kino o te rangi te whakararu i ngā taputapu hī ika me ngā waka. Ka taea e ēnei katoa te whakaiti i te nui o ngā hopunga ika, ka pā tika ki ngā moni whiwhi a ngā kaihao ika.
He rerekē, i te wā maroke, he marino ake, he pumau ake ngā āhuatanga o te moana, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihao ika te mahi pai ake, te whai hua ake hoki. Heoi, ahakoa te maeneene o ngā mahi, he uaua tonu te iti o te ika e wātea ana nā ngā āhuatanga taiao.
b. Te utu o ngā ika i te mākete
He nui hoki te pānga o ngā wā ki ngā utu ika i te mākete. I te wā ua, ina heke te hanga, ka iti haere te tuku ika i te mākete. Ko te tikanga ka piki ake ngā utu ika i tēnei āhuatanga. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e te nui o te hanga i te wā maroke te whakaheke i ngā utu ika i te mākete. Kāore e kore ka pāngia te ōhanga o ngā whare o ngā kaihao ika me ngā kaihoko e ēnei pikinga utu.
3. Te Awe o ngā Wā ki te Oranga Hapori o ngā Kaihao Ika
a. Te Oranga o ngā Kaihao Ika
Ko ngā kaihao ika te rōpū e tino pāngia ana e ngā huringa o te wā i runga i ngā mahi hī ika. I te wā ua, ina heke te hua, ā, ka piki ake te utu o ngā taputapu hī ika nā te kino, nā te whakakapinga rānei, ka tūpono te oranga o ngā kaihao ika. Ka hua ake pea i te hekenga o te whiwhinga moni mō te wā roa te iti o te urunga atu ki ngā mea taketake pēnei i te mātauranga, te hauora, me te kai totika mō ngā whānau hī ika.
I tetahi atu taha, i te wā maroke, ahakoa te pikinga ake o te whakaputanga, ka noho ko ētahi atu wero pēnei i te hī ika nui rawa hei raruraru me aro atu. Ki te kore e whakahaerea tika, ka taea e te pikinga ake o ngā mahi hī ika i te wā maroke te arahi ki te hekenga tonu o ngā momo ika.
b. Te Whakarerekētanga o te Pūtea Hapori
He tikanga pāpori anō ā ngā hapori hī ika hei whakatau i ngā rerekētanga e puta mai ana i ngā huringa o te wā. Ko te mahi tahi a te katoa, ko ngā penapena me ngā nama ā-hapori, me ngā mahi tahi hī ika ētahi tauira o te pūtea pāpori e whakamahia ana hei whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā huringa o te wā.
Hei tauira, i te wā ua ina heke te whiwhinga moni, ka taea e ngā rōpū mahi tahi, e ngā rōpū hī ika rānei te whakarato i ngā nama iti te huamoni mō ngā matea ohorere. He mea nui anō hoki te kotahitanga me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā hī ika hei huarahi urutau pāpori hei whakarite i te pumau o ngā hapori hī ika.
4. Ngā Rautaki Whakarerekētanga ki ngā Awe o te Wā
a. Te Whakawhanuitanga Pakihi
Ko te whakawhānui i ngā pakihi tētahi rautaki urutau ka taea e ngā kaihao ika te whakamahi hei whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi pūtake moni kotahi. Ka taea e ngā kaihao ika te whakawhānui i ngā mahi mā te whakakotahi i ngā mahi hī ika hopu me te mahi ahuwhenua ika (te mahi pāmu ika). Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te whakahaere i te taiao me te whakaputa hua pumau puta noa i te tau.
b. Te Whakangungu me te Mātauranga
Me whakarato te kāwanatanga me ngā umanga e tika ana i ngā whakangungu me ngā mātauranga ki ngā kaihao ika mō ngā tikanga hī ika tauwhiro me te urutau ki ngā huringa o te wā. Ko te mōhiotanga ki te huarere, te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu hī ika e pai ana ki te taiao , me te whakahaere i ngā hopunga ika ētahi o ngā kaupapa me whakatairanga.
c. Hangarau me te Auahatanga
Mā te whakamahinga o te hangarau i roto i te rāngai hī ika ka āwhina i ngā kaihao ika ki te whakatau i ngā wero e pā mai ana i ngā huringa o te wā. Ko ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā taputapu aroturuki ika e ahu mai ana i te amiorangi, ngā pūnaha mōhiohio huarere moana, me ngā taputapu hī ika whai hua ake, he torutoru noa iho ēnei tauira o ngā auahatanga ka taea te whakamahi.
5. Whakamutunga
Mai i te whakaahuatanga i runga ake nei, e mārama ana he nui te pānga o ngā wā ki te rāngai hī ika i ngā āhuatanga maha. Ko ngā panonitanga o te pāmahana wai, te tohatoha matūkai, me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi ētahi o ngā āhuatanga taiao e whai wāhi ana ki te hua o ngā hī ika. Mai i te tirohanga ōhanga, ko ngā panonitanga o te whakaputanga ika me ngā utu mākete he pānga nui e rua e pā ana ki te oranga o ngā kaihao ika. I taua wā, ko ngā pānga pāpori pēnei i te hekenga o te oranga o ngā kaihao ika me te urutau hapori e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te aro atawhai tangata.
I te anga whakamua, me mahi tahi te kāwanatanga me ngā rōpū katoa e tika ana kia taea ai e te rāngai hī ika te urutau pai ki ngā huringa o te wā. Ko te kanorau pakihi, te mātauranga me te whakangungu, me te whakamahi i te hangarau ētahi rautaki ka taea te whakatinana hei whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā huringa o te wā. Mā tēnei, ka taea e te rāngai hī ika te kaha ake ki te ātete ki ngā huringa taiao, ā, ka whai wāhi tonu ki te ōhanga me te haumarutanga kai o te motu.
