Te Pānga o te Parahanga Matū ki ngā Pūnaha Taiao Moana
He raruraru taiao e piki haere ana te pēhanga matū o te moana, ā, he whānuitia ngā pānga ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana puta noa i te ao. Ko te noho mai o ngā matū kino pērā i ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā patupatu pepeke, me ngā poke rauropi pumau (POP) i roto i ngā moana he tūmomo mōrearea nui ki te kanorau koiora, ki te hauora o ngā pūnaha rauropi, tae atu ki te oranga tangata e whakawhirinaki ana ki te moana. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā pānga rerekē o te parahanga matū ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, tae atu ki ngā pānga ki ngā rauropi moana, ki te mekameka kai, ki ngā nohoanga, me ngā pānga ki te hauora o te tangata.
1. Ngā Pūtake me ngā Momo Parahanga Matū i te Moana
He maha ngā pūtake o te parahanga matū i te moana, arā, mai i te tangata me te taiao. Ko ngā pūtake matua o ngā parahanga matū ko ngā parahanga ahumahi, te rerenga wai ahuwhenua, te paru o te tāone, me ngā turuturu hinu. Kātahi ka uru atu ēnei parahanga ki te moana mā te rere o te awa, te wai ua , te rerenga tika rānei.
Ko ngā momo matū poke e poke ana i te moana ko ngā konganuku taumaha pēnei i te mercury, te mata, me te cadmium; ngā patupatu me ngā patu taru pēnei i te DDT me te atrazine; me ngā matū poke pumau pēnei i te PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls). Hei tāpiri, kei te piki haere te kitea o ngā matū mai i ngā hua tiaki whaiaro, ngā rongoā, me ngā kirihou moroiti i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana.
2. Ngā Pānga o ngā Parahanga Matū ki ngā Mea Ora o te Moana
He tino ngoikore ngā mea ora o te moana ki te parahanga matū. Ka taea e ngā parahanga matū te uru ki te tinana o te mea ora mā roto i ngā huarahi maha, pērā i te mimiti mā te mata o te tinana, te horomitanga, te manawa rānei o te ihu. Anei ētahi pānga motuhake o te parahanga matū ki ngā mea ora o te moana:
a. Te Paitini Kino me te Paitini Mau tonu
Ka taea e te pānga o ngā matū poke te whakaputa i te paitini nui, ka mate ohorere ai ngā rauropi o te moana. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui ko te maringi hinu, ka taea te whakamate tonu i te tini o ngā ika me ngā manu moana. I tētahi atu taha, ko te paitini mau tonu ka puta mai i te pānga roa ki ngā kukū iti o ngā poke, ka taea te whakaputa i ētahi pānga whakamate iti pēnei i te whakaiti i te whakaputa uri, te whakaroa i te tipu, me te kino ki te āhua o te tinana o te rauropi.
b. Te kohikohinga koiora me te whakanui koiora
Ko ngā matū poke e uru ana ki ngā rauropi moana ka kohikohi koiora, arā, ko te tukanga e kohikohi ai ngā matū i roto i te tinana o te rauropi i roto i te wā. Hei tāpiri, mā te tikanga whakanui koiora, ka piki ake te kukū o ēnei poke i a koe e piki ake ana i te taumata trophic o te mekameka kai. Hei tauira, ko ngā ika iti kua poke i ngā poke ka kainga e ngā ika nunui, ā, ka kainga e ētahi atu kaipahua, tae atu ki te tangata. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā kukū tino teitei o ngā poke i te tihi o te mekameka kai, ka puta he pānga paitini nui.
c. Ngā Mate Endocrine
Ko ētahi o ngā matū poke e mōhiotia ana ko ngā endocrine disruptors, arā, ka taea e rātou te whakararuraru i te pūnaha homoni o te rauropi. Hei tauira, kua whakaatuhia e ngā PCB me te DDT te whakararuraru i ngā pūnaha whakaputa uri o ngā ika me ngā kararehe moana, ka puta he huringa i roto i ngā whanonga ā-ira tangata, he rerekētanga i roto i ngā whekau whakaputa uri, me te hekenga o ngā reiti whānautanga.
3. Te Pānga ki te Mekameka Kai me te Kanorau o te Koiora
Ehara i te mea ka pā noa te parahanga matū ki ngā rauropi takitahi, engari he whānui ake ngā pānga ki te mekameka kai me te kanorau koiora katoa.
a. Te Hinga o te Taupori Momo
Ka taea e te paitini kino me te roa o ngā poke matū te whakaheke nui i te taupori o ētahi momo. Hei tauira, ka heke te taupori o ētahi ika me ngā momo invertebrate moana nā te mea kua whakararuhia ō rātou kaha whakaputa uri e ngā poke matū. Ka taea e tēnei te whakararu i te taurite o te mekameka kai i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, ā, ka arahi pea ki te hinga o te pūnaha rauropi.
b. Ngā Huringa o te Hanganga Hapori
Ka taea e te noho mai o ngā poke matū te whakarerekē i te hanganga hapori o ngā rauropi moana. Tērā pea ka tupu pai ngā momo e ātete ake ana ki ngā poke, engari ko ngā momo tairongo ake ka heke, ka ngaro rānei . Ka hua ake pea tēnei i ngā panonitanga o te hanganga me te mahi o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana.
4. Ngā Pānga ki ngā Nohoanga Moana
Ka pāngia hoki te kounga o ngā nohanga moana e te parahanga matū, he mea nui hoki mō te oranga tonutanga o te tini o ngā rauropi moana.
a. Te Hekenga o te Kounga Wai
Ka taea e ngā matū poke te whakarerekē i te kounga o te wai moana, hei tauira mā te whakanui ake i ngā taumata konganuku taumaha, te whakaiti rānei i te hāora rewa. Ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te oranga o ngā rauropi e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga wai motuhake.
b. Te Kino o te Takutai Korara
Ko ngā toka korara tētahi o ngā nohoanga moana tino pāngia e te parahanga matū. Ka taea e ngā parahanga matū pēnei i te hinu me ngā patupatu te kino i ngā toka, ka puta te mā me te mate o ngā toka. I te mea he kāinga ngā toka korara mō ngā momo moana maha, ka pā nui tēnei kino ki te kanorau koiora o te moana.
5. Pānga ki te Hauora Tangata
Ko te tangata, hei wāhanga o te mekameka kai moana, ka pāngia hoki e te parahanga matū. Mā te kai i ngā kaimoana kua poke i ngā parahanga matū ka pā mai he maha ngā raruraru hauora, pērā i te paihana konganuku taumaha, te raruraru o ngā homoni, me te pikinga ake o te mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā hapori takutai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te moana mō ō rātou oranga me ngā puna kai, he tino whakaraerae ki ngā pānga ōhanga me te hauora o te parahanga matū moana.
6. Ngā Otinga me ngā Mahi
Ko te whakatika i te parahanga matū i te moana me mahi tahi ngā kaipupuri hea, tae atu ki ngā kāwanatanga, ngā umanga, ngā kaipūtaiao, me te marea. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi ka taea ko:
a. Te Whakahaere me te Tirotiro
Me whakatinana e te kāwanatanga ngā ture tino pakari hei whakahaere i te tukunga o ngā para ahumahi me ngā para ahuwhenua kei roto ngā parahanga matū. He mea nui te tirotiro whai hua me te whakatinanatanga o te ture tino pakari kia tutuki ai ēnei ture.
b. Hangarau me te Auahatanga
Mā te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou mō te tukatuka para me te horoi i ngā poke matū i te moana ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pānga o te poke. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te hangarau whakaora koiora ngā moroiti hei wawahi i ngā poke matū i te taiao moana.
c. Mātauranga me te Mōhiotanga o te Iwi
Mā te whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga o te marea mō ngā tūponotanga o te parahanga matū me te hiranga o te tiaki i te taiao moana ka taea te whakatenatena i ngā huringa whanonga, pērā i te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā hua morearea me te whakatenatena i ngā mahi atawhai taiao.
d. Rangahau me te Aroturuki
Me haere tonu te rangahau pūtaiao kia mārama ai ki ngā pānga o te parahanga matū ki te moana, kia whakawhanakehia ai hoki he otinga whai hua. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te aroturukitanga roa o te kounga o te wai moana me te hauora o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana kia kitea ai ngā huringa me te whakamōhio i ngā mahi e tika ana.
Whakamutunga
He nui, he uaua hoki ngā pānga o te parahanga matū ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana. Hei tiaki i te kanorau koiora, te oranga tonutanga o ngā rauropi moana, me te hauora o te tangata, he mea nui te mahi whakatau me te mahi tahi hei whakatika i te parahanga matū moana. Mā te mahi tahi me te whakapau kaha anake ka taea ai e tātou te tiaki i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana he mea nui ki te ora o te Ao.
