Te Tiaki i ngā Whara Pokanga i roto i ngā Kararehe
He wāhanga nui o te tukanga whakaora i muri i te pokanga te tiaki patunga o ngā kararehe. Mā te tiaki tika i ngā patunga pokanga ka tere ake te ora, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate, ka whakamama i te mamae, ā, ka ārai i ngā raruraru pērā i te whakatuwheratanga anō o te patunga (te tango i ngā kiriuhi) me te nui rawa o te koha. Ahakoa mō ngā ngeru, mō ngā kurī, mō ngā rāpeti, mō ngā kararehe rānei , he rite tonu ngā mātāpono tiaki taketake, ahakoa ka taea te whakarerekē i runga i te momo kararehe, te wāhi o te patunga, me te tikanga pokanga.
He aha te hiranga o te tiaki patunga pokanga?
I te wā o te pokanga, ka tapahia e te rata kararehe tētahi tapa, kātahi ka katihia ki ngā tuitui, ki ngā tāpa, ki te kāpia kiko rānei. Ahakoa te āhua "pai" o te patunga, ka noho tonu hei ara mō ngā huakita, ā, ka ngāwari ki te waku, ki te mitimiti, ki te pēhanga rānei. Kāore hoki ngā kararehe e mārama ki te aukati i te rakuraku, te ngau, te mitimiti rānei i ngā patunga, nō reira ko te tirotiro a te rangatira he mea nui ki te whakaora angitu. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi kararehe he āhua pukumahi, he pukuriri rānei ina kore e pai te noho, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te wetekina o ngā tuitui.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whakaora i te Patunga Pokanga
I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ngā wāhanga o te whakaora patunga:
1. Wāhanga mumura (ngā rā tuatahi 1–3): ka tauhohe te tinana ki te patunga mā te pupuhi ngawari, te whero, me te mahana. He mea noa tēnei mena kāore i te nui rawa.
2. Wāhanga horapa (3–14 rā): ka puta mai he kiko hou, ka tīmata te ora o te patunga, ā, i ētahi wā ka tīmata te puta mai o te pakupaku angiangi.
3. Wāhanga pakari (wiki ki ngā marama): ka kaha ake ngā kiko, ka angiangi ngā kōpura, ā, ka pai ake te ngāwari o te kiri.
Mā te mārama ki ēnei wāhanga ka āwhina i ngā rangatira ki te wehewehe i waenga i te mea noa me te mea he āhuatanga ohorere.
Te Tiaki Whara i te Kāinga: He Aratohu Taketake
1. Puritia te patunga kia ma, kia maroke hoki
Ko te nuinga o ngā patunga pokanga kāore e hiahiatia kia tangohia pinepine te takai mēnā kāore i te tohutohuhia. Ki te kore te patunga i takaihia, kia mau tonu te ma o te wāhi e karapoti ana. Kaua e kaukau i ngā kararehe kia tae rā anō ki te wā e hiahiatia ana. tākuta He haumaru ngā kararehe, nā te mea ka taea e te wai me te hopi horoi te whakapataritari i te patunga, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate. Mēnā ka pā te patunga ki te wai, whakamaroke mārire ki te kakahu ma, ā, tirohia tōna āhua.
2. Āraia ngā kararehe kei mitimiti, kei rakuraku rānei i ngā patunga.
Kei roto i ngā mitimiti kararehe he huakita, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te whakangawari i te kiko, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka motu ngā tuitui. Hei ārai i tēnei, tākuta kararehe e kī ana i te nuinga o te wā:
– Kara-e (kara tiaki/kara Elizabethan) mō ngā ngeru me ngā kurī.
– He kākahu pokanga (he kākahu whakaora) e hipoki ana i te wāhi patunga, e tika ana mō ētahi take.
– He takai tiaki kei ētahi wāhi, engari me tika te whakapiri kia kore ai e tino piri.
Me whakamahi tonu i ngā taputapu tiaki, ina koa mēnā kāore e taea e te rangatira te tirotiro.
3. Whakawhāitihia ngā Mahi
Mā te nui rawa o ngā mahi pēnei i te pekepeke, te oma, te tākaro taratara, te piki arawhata rānei ka taea te kukume i ngā tuitui ka puta te patunga. Mō ngā rā tuatahi e 7–14 (kia rite rānei ki ngā tohutohu), me mahi e tō mōkai ēnei mea:
– Okioki i roto i te wāhi kuiti.
– Te hikoi here mō ngā kurī (he hikoi poto hei horoi i a rātou anō anake).
– Kaua e takaro ki ētahi atu kararehe ka whakaoho i te oma me te pekepeke.
Mō ngā ngeru kua taunga ki te mahi kaha, he mea āwhina te whakamahi i tētahi whare herehere whakaora wā poto.
4. Hoatu he rongoā e ai ki te whakahaunga
Tērā pea ka tohua e tō tākuta kararehe ngā paturopi., rongoā mamae, rongoā ārai-mumura rānei. Ngā kōrero matua:
– Hoatu te horopeta, ka whakarite i te wā tika.
– Kaua e whakamutua wawe te rongoā paturopi ahakoa te āhua nei kua pai ake te patunga, ki te kore e tohua e te tākuta.
– Kaua e hoatu he rongoā ki te tangata (hei tauira, ibuprofen, paracetamol rānei) me te kore kōrero ki a rātou anō, nā te mea ka kino pea ki ngā kararehe.
Ki te ruaki tō mōkai, ka pāngia e te mate korere, ka āhua ngoikore, ka kore rānei e kai i muri i te tango rongoā, me toro atu tonu ki tō tākuta kararehe.
5. Aroturukihia te patunga i ia rā
Mā te tirotiro tere i ia rā ka āwhina i te kite wawe i ngā raruraru. Rapua ēnei:
– Kei te horapa te whero?
– Kei te piki haere te pupuhi?
– He waipara kōwhai, he kakariki, he haunga rānei?
– He āhua wetekina, he āhua tuwhera rānei ngā tuitui?
– Kei te āhua mamae rawa te kararehe ina pāngia te wāhi?
Mā te kite i ngā huringa (tae noa ki te tango whakaahua i te patunga i ia wā) ka āwhina i tō tākuta kararehe ki te aromatawai i te ahunga whakamua i te wā e tirotirohia ana.
Ngā Tohu Noa me ngā Tohu Mōrearea
Ngā tohu e noho noa ana i te nuinga o te wā
– He whero ngawari kei ngā taha o te tapahi i ngā rā tuatahi.
– He pupuhi ngawari, kāore e piki ake.
– He maru iti te taha o te patunga, inā koa i muri i ngā pokanga nunui.
– He kiri angiangi, he kiri maroke paku rānei.
Ngā Tohu Tūpono e Me Arotake Tonu
– Kei te turuturu te pūhā i te patunga, he haunga kaha rānei.
– Ka tere te horapa o te whero, ka wera te āhua, ā, ka tino pupuhi.
– He tuitui tuwhera, he kiri āputaputa, he kiko kei raro e kitea ana rānei.
– Te toto e kore e mutu, e maturuturu tonu rānei.
– Kei te kirika te kararehe, he tino ngoikore, kāore i kai mō ngā haora neke atu i te 24 (ina koa mō ngā ngeru), kei te ahua mamae rawa rānei.
– Ka puta whakarere mai he puku nui i raro i te patunga (tērā pea he hematoma/seroma).
Ki te kite koe i ēnei tohu, kaua e whakaroa. He pai ake te hoki tonu atu ki te rata kararehe kia tirohia.
Te Maimoatanga o ngā Patunga kua Takaia, kua Whakatakotoria rānei
I ētahi mahi pokanga, ka takaihia te patunga hei tiaki i te wāhi, hei whakaiti i te pupuhi, hei ārai rānei i te poke. Mena ka takaihia te kararehe:
– Kia maroke tonu te takai. Me whakawhiti ngā takai mākū, kei roto pea ngā huakita.
– Kia tūpato ki ngā māikuku (mēnā kei te waewae te takai). Ki te āhua pupuhi, makariri, kikorangi rānei ngā māikuku, tera pea he kikī rawa te takai.
Kaua e whakawhiti i te takai mēnā kāore anō kia whakaakona koe ki te tikanga tika, nā te mea ka kino ake te āhua mēnā kāore i te tika te whakamahinga.
– Whāia te rārangi tirotiro mō te whakawhiti i ngā takai e ai ki ngā tohutohu.
Āhea ka tangohia ngā tuitui?
Ko te tikanga ka tangohia ngā tuitui kiri i muri i te 10–14 rā i te pokanga, i runga i te wāhi o te patunga, te pakeke o te kararehe, me te momo pokanga. I ētahi wā, ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā tuitui ka taea te rewa, ā, kāore e hiahiatia te tango, engari he mea nui tonu te whai i ngā tuitui kia pai ai te ora.
Kai me te Taiao hei Tautoko i te Whakaora
Me nui te pūngao me te pūmua hei whakaora i te patunga. Whakaratohia he kai kounga me te wai ma. Mena he uaua ki tāu mōkai te kai i muri i te pokanga , kōrero mō te kai ngohengohe, te kai motuhake rānei. He mahi anō tā te taiao : me mahana, me maroke, me ma, me ata noho te wāhi okiokinga. Ka taea e te ahotea te whakararu i te whakaoranga, inā koa mō ngā ngeru.
Ngā Hapa Noa hei Ārai
Ko ētahi o ngā hapa e puta pinepine ana i te tiaki i ngā patunga pokanga i roto i ngā kararehe ko:
– Tukua te kararehe kia mitimiti i te patunga “mō tētahi wā poto noa iho”.
– Te kaukau i te kararehe i te tere rawa.
– Te paninga koretake o te rongoā, te paturopi rānei, me te kore tohutohu (ka taea e ētahi kai te whakapataritari i te kiko).
– Kati te tango i te rongoā nā te mea kei te pai haere te āhua o te kararehe.
– Te tuku i ngā kararehe kia tākaro kaha i mua i tō rātou wā.
He pai ake te pātai ki te rata kararehe mēnā he ruarua koe, kaua e whakamātau i tētahi mea ka kino rawa atu pea te patunga.
Te Katinga
Ko te tiaki i ngā patunga pokanga o ngā kararehe me whai tikanga, me te tirotiro, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai ki te rata kararehe. Ko te mea nui ko te pupuri i te patunga kia ma, kia maroke, kia ārai i te mitimiti, i te rakuraku rānei, kia whakawhāiti i ngā mahi, me te hoatu rongoā e ai ki te whakahaunga. Mēnā ka tiakina tika, ka ora pai te nuinga o ngā patunga pokanga i roto i te kotahi ki te rua wiki, ā, ka taea e te kararehe te hoki ki ngā mahi o ia rā me te kore he raruraru.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki ngā momo kararehe motuhake (hei tauira, ngā ngeru kua mutu te whakamoe, ngā kurī kua whati te kōpū, ngā kararehe rānei) me te tāpiri i tētahi wāhanga "tikanga o ia rā 7–14 rā" kia māmā ake ai te whakamahi.
