Pūnaha Whakatō Tōmato Whai Hua
He hua māra rongonui ngā tōmato (Solanum lycopersicum) he nui te uara arumoni. Ko tō rātou kitea i roto i ngā momo kai puta noa i te ao e whakaatu ana i tōna hiranga. Nō reira, he mea nui te pūnaha whakato whai hua hei whakarite i te hua tino pai, kounga teitei, me te pumau. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā āhuatanga maha o te pūnaha whakato tōmato whai hua, mai i te whiriwhiri momo me te whakarite whenua ki ngā tikanga whakato , te tiaki, me te hauhake.
1. Kōwhiringa Momo
He taahiraa tuatahi nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi momo. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā momo tōmato rerekē, pērā i te ātete ki te mate, te reka, te tae, me te rahi o te hua. Kōwhiria he momo e pai ana ki te āhuarangi me te oneone o tō rohe, tae atu ki te hiahia o te mākete. Ko ētahi o ngā momo rongonui ko Roma, Cherry, Beefsteak, me San Marzano.
He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria ngā momo ranu nā te mea he nui te hua me te ātete ki ngā momo mate. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi momo , whakaarohia hoki mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatipu tōmato determinate (he iti te tipu, ā, he pai mō te wāhi iti) he tōmato indeterminate rānei (he roa te tipu, ā, me tautoko).
2. Te Whakarite Whenua
Ko te oneone pai te mea nui mō te angitu o te whakatipu tōmato. Ka tupu pai ngā tōmato i roto i te oneone me te pH i waenga i te 6.0 me te 6.8. Nō reira, i mua i te whakatō , me whakamātautau te oneone hei whakatau i te pH me te nui o ngā matūkai. Mena he iti iho i te pai te pH o te oneone, tāpirihia te raima dolomitic hei whakakore i te waikawa, i ngā mea rauropi rānei pērā i te komuha hei whakapai ake i te momona o te oneone.
Hei tāpiri, kia pai te rerenga wai o te oneone hei ārai i te waipuke. He tino pāngia ngā tōmato e ngā mate maha e puta mai ana i te nui o te wai. Me whakarite he tawhiti tika i waenga i ngā tipu, tata ki te 45-60 cm te nuinga, kia pai ai te rere o te hau me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate.
3. Te whakato
Whakatō tika ki te whenua, whakamahia rānei te tikanga whakatipu. Ki te whiriwhiri koe i te tikanga whakatipu, whakaritea ngā purapura 6-8 wiki i mua i te wā whakato mā te whakamahi i tētahi oneone whakatipu parakore hei ārai i te mate. Whakanohoia ngā tipu ki tētahi wāhi e ranea ana te rā, ā, kia mau tonu te makuku o te oneone whakatipu.
Kia tupu ngā tipu, kia puta hoki he rau tuturu e 2-3, kua rite rātou mō te whakatō ki te māra matua. I mua i te whakatō, me whakarite kia taunga ngā tipu ki te taiao o waho kia kore ai e ohorere, kia tere ai hoki te urutau.
4. Ngā Tikanga Whakamakuku
He mea nui te pūnaha whakamakuku whai hua i roto i te whakatipu tōmato. He tikanga tino whai hua te whakamakuku maturuturu nā te mea ka tukuna tika te wai ki te rohe pakiaka o te tipu, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wai mā te mimiti, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te horapa o ngā mate i puta mai i te nui o te makuku.
Mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i te whakamakuku maturuturu, whakatikatikahia te nui me te auau kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te tipu me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. Kaua e nui rawa te whakamakuku, ka pirau pea ngā pakiaka. Whakamakukuhia kia maha ake ngā wā i te wā maroke i te wā ua.
5. Te Whakarato Kai Totika
He mea nui te whakatōtika tika, taurite hoki mō te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tipu tōmato. Whakamahia he tongi taketake he nui te whākawa (P) i mua i te whakatō hei whakaoho i te tipu o ngā pakiaka. He pai te whakamahi i te paru otaota, i te wairākau rānei hei puna matūkai rauropi.
Kia tīmata te tipu o ngā tipu, hoatu he tongi tāpiri arā, te hauota (N) hei whakaoho i te tipu o ngā tipu, me te pāhare pākawa (K) hei whakapakari i ngā tipu me te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua. He mea nui anō hoki te whakarato i ngā matūkai iti pēnei i te konupūmā me te konupūmā hei ārai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te pirau o te pito o te pua.
6. Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate
He wero nui ngā riha me ngā mate i roto i te whakatipu tōmato. Ko ngā riha noa ko ngā aphids, ngā noke hoia, me ngā namu hua. Hei whakahaere, whakamahia ngā patupatu otaota, matū rānei ina hiahiatia. Ko te whakahaere koiora mā te whakamahi i ngā kaipahua tūturu he huarahi pai mō te taiao.
He raru nui ngā mate pēnei i te pirau o te rā, te ngaromanga o te Fusarium, me te mosaic viral e hiahia ana kia arohia. Mā te hurihanga hua, te whiriwhiri i ngā momo ātete ki te mate, me te pupuri i te akuaku tika o ngā tipu ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā pakarutanga o te mate. Waihoki, kia tino aroturukihia ngā tipu i ia wā kia kitea wawe ai, kia tere ai te maimoatanga.
7. Te Tapahi me te Tautoko
He mea nui te tapahi hei ārai i te tipu nui rawa, hei whakapai ake hoki i te rere o te hau. Ko te tapahi he tango i ngā wana e tipu ana i waenganui i ngā rau me te kakau matua. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te tipu ki te aro ki te whakaputa hua.
Me tautoko hoki, inā koa mō ngā momo kāore i te tino mōhiotia. Whakamahia he rākau, he waea, he kupenga rānei hei pupuri i te tipu kia tū tika. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te pa o ngā hua ki te oneone, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pangia e te mate me te kino o ngā hua.
8. Te Kotinga me te Muri i te Kotinga
Ka hauhaketia te hua ina tae ki te pakari o te hua. Ka kitea tēnei mā te tae ōrite me te ngawari o te kakano. He rerekē ngā wā hauhake, i runga i te momo me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi.
I muri i te hauhake, wehea ngā hua kia wehea ai ngā hua kounga pai mai i ngā hua kua pakaru, kua mate rānei. He mea nui anō hoki te penapena tika kia roa ake ai te ora o ngā hua. Penapenahia ngā hua ki te wāhi hauhautanga (tata ki te 12-15°C) ā, karohia te rā tika.
Whakamutunga
Me aro nui ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakatipu tōmato whai hua, mai i te whiriwhiri momo tae noa ki te kotinga. Mā te pūnaha whakato pai ka pai ake ngā hua, ehara i te mea ko te nui anake engari ko te kounga hoki. Ko te tumanako mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tika, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakapiki ake i te hua me te pumau o te whakatipu tōmato. Ko te whai hua te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te ahuwhenua whakataetae me te taiao.
