Te Whakatipu i te Mangosteen
E mōhiotia ana te mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) ko te "kuini o ngā hua" nā tōna kikokiko reka-hou, tōna kakano ngawari, me te kakara motuhake, e arohaina ana e te tini. I Indonesia, he nui te uara ōhanga o te mangosteen, mō te mākete o te rohe me te kaweake. Nā te pumau o te tono, he whai wāhitanga pakihi ahuwhenua pai te whakatipu mangosteen, inā koa i ngā rohe he pai te āhuarangi me te oneone. Heoi, he hua pumau te mangosteen e hiahia ana ki te manawanui nā te mea he roa te wā taitamariki. Mā te whakamahere pai, te tiaki tika, me te whakahaere pai o ngā māra hua, ka taea e te whakatipu mangosteen te whakaputa hua mō te wā roa.
1. Ngā Āhuatanga Whakatipu mō ngā Tipu Mangosteen
Ko te angitu o te whakatipu mangosteen e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pai o te whenua. Ko te tikanga ka tupu pai te mangosteen i ngā āhuarangi haumākū me te ua ōrite puta noa i te tau. Ko te ua pai rawa atu kei waenga i te 1.500–2.500 mm ia tau, me te wā maroke poto. Ko te awhe pāmahana pai ko te 22–32°C, ā, he tairongo te tipu ki ngā hau kaha me te tauraki roa.
Mō te teitei, ka taea e te mangosteen te tupu i ngā whenua papaku ki waenganui, i te nuinga o te wā 0–600 mita i runga ake i te taumata o te moana, ahakoa i ētahi wāhi ka taea te tupu i ngā teitei mena he pai ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. Ko te oneone e tika ana he oneone ngawari, he momona, he oneone onepu ki te oneone uku, he nui ngā mea rauropi, ā, he pai te rerenga wai. Ko te pH oneone pai kei waenga i te 5,5–6,8. Ko te oneone e ngāwari ana te waipuke ka nui ake te mōrearea o te pirau pakiaka, nō reira he mea nui te whakahaere rerenga wai.
2. Te Kōwhiringa me te Whakatipu Kākano
He mea nui ngā tipu hei whakatau i te hua o te māra mangosteen. I ngā wā o mua, ka whakatipuria ngā mangosteen mai i ngā purapura. Heoi, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki te whakatipu purapura: ka roa ake te hua o ngā tipu, ā, ka rerekē pea te tipu. Nō reira, mō te whakatipu kaha ake, kei te tahuri ngā kaimahi pāmu ki ngā tipu kua tāpirihia, kua pihi rānei, mēnā e wātea ana. Ko ngā tipu huawhenua he tere ake te hua, ā, he ōrite ake ngā āhuatanga.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā tipu pai ko: ngā kakau pakari, ngā rau matomato hou, kāore he tohu mate, he pakiaka kua whanake pai, ā, i ahu mai i ngā mātua hua. Kōwhiria ngā tipu kua pakari (hei tauira, 1–2 tau te pakeke mō ngā purapura hauora) ā, kua urutau kē ki te taiao o waho. I mua i te whakatō ki te mara, me āta taunga ngā tipu kia kore ai e pāngia e te ahotea i te wā e whakatō ana.
3. Te Whakarite Whenua me te Whakatō
Ko te whakarite whenua he tango i ngā taru kino, ngā rakau iti, me ngā toenga otaota tipu. Mena he pari te whenua, me whakatakoto he papa hei whakaiti i te horo. Ki ngā whenua papatahi e ngāwari ana ki te waipuke, hangaia he awaawa wai me ngā pari hei ārai i te wai kei pupū ake i ngā pakiaka.
Me hanga ngā kōhao whakato kia nui, hei tauira, 60x60x60 cm, kia nui ake rānei, i runga i te āhua o te oneone. Ka wehea te oneone o runga kua keria mai i te oneone o raro, kātahi ka whakaranua ki te paru kua pakeke, ki te wairākau rānei (10–20 kg mō ia kōhao). Ka taea te tāpiri i te toromite mēnā he tino waikawa te pH o te oneone. Me whakarite ngā kōhao whakato 2–4 wiki i mua i te whakatō kia pakari ai, kia pumau ai hoki te oneone whakatipu.
Ko te tawhiti whakatō mangosteen i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 8x8 m ki te 10x10 m, nā te mea ka whānui te tipu o te rau mangosteen i a ia e pakeke ana. He pai ake te whakatō i te tīmatanga o te wā ua kia nui ai te wai e whiwhi ai ngā tipu hei whakatupu pakiaka hou. I te wā e whakatō ana, me haehae marie te putea polybag kia kore ai e kino ngā pakiaka, whakatūria ngā tipu kia tika, kātahi ka taupokina ki te ranunga oneone me te tongi rauropi. Muri iho, whakamakukuhia, ā, whakatūria he pou (tautoko) mēnā e tika ana.
4. Te Tiaki i te Whare
a) Te Whakamakuku me te Whakahaere Wai
I ngā wāhanga tōmua (0–2 tau), me whai makuku oneone pumau ngā mangosteen. Me whakamakuku ina kore he ua, inā koa i te wā maroke. Heoi, kaua e pupū te wai. Mā te pūnaha whakamarumaru rauropi o te kakau witi, rau maroke, wairākau rānei ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te makuku me te pehi i ngā taru kino.
b) Te whakamomona
Ka whakahaerehia te whakatō kai māngosteen i ngā wāhanga e ai ki te pakeke o te tipu. I te wā taitamariki, ko te arotahi o te whakatō kai ko te whakaoho i te tipu tipu (ngā pakiaka, ngā kakau, me ngā rau). Ka whakamahia te tongi waro i ia wā hei whakapai ake i te hanganga o te oneone, engari ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tongi kore-waro (hei tauira, NPK) e ai ki ngā taunakitanga ā-rohe. I te taenga atu o te tipu ki te wāhanga whakaputa uri, ka piki ake te hiahia mō te whākawa me te pāhare pākawa hei tautoko i te pua me te hanganga hua. Me wehe te whakatō kai kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā whakamahinga ia tau, ka whakamahia i roto i te āhua porowhita i raro i te maru o te tipu.
c) Te tango otaota me te whakahaere taru
Ka taea e ngā taru te whakataetae mō te wai me ngā matūkai. Ka taea te tango i te taru mā te ringa, mā te taputapu rānei. Me tūpato i te whakamahinga o ngā patu taru kia kore ai e kino ngā tipu taitamariki. He kōwhiringa anō hoki te whakato i ngā hua taupoki hei whakaiti i te horo me te pehi i ngā taru.
d) Te tapahi
Kāore e hiahiatia he tapahi nui mō te mangosteen, engari he mea nui te tapahi māmā hei tango i ngā manga maroke, mate, matotoru rawa rānei. Ka taea e te tihi matotoru rawa te whakanui ake i te makuku me te whakararu i te mate. Ko te tapahi te mea pai rawa atu i muri i te kotinga, i te wā rānei e iti haere ana te tupu.
5. Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate
Me whakamahi ngā mātāpono Whakahaere Pest Whakauru (IPM) mō te whakahaere i ngā riha me ngā mate. Ko ētahi o ngā riha ka puta ko ngā anuhe kai rau, ngā pepeke paura, me ngā pepeke ngote, e whakakōwhai ana i ngā rau me te whakapōturi i te tipu. Ko ngā mate noa ko te pirau pakiaka i puta mai i ngā harore i roto i te oneone haukū, ngā ira rau, me te pirau hua i roto i ngā āhuatanga māra hua tino makuku.
Ko ngā mahi ārai ko: te pupuri i te ma o te māra, te whakapai ake i te waikeri, te tapahi i ngā wāhi mate, me te whakamahi i te tongi rauropi pakari hei whakapai ake i te taurite o ngā moroiti oneone. Mena he nui te whakaekenga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke, i ngā patu harore rānei i ngā horopeta kua tohua me ngā wā tika, me te aro hoki ki te haumaru o te kai me te taiao.
6. Te Pua, te Hua, me te Kotinga
He tipu te mangosteen e roa ana te wā e hua ai, inā koa mēnā ka whakatipuria mai i te purapura. Ko ngā tipu ka tipu mai i te purapura ka tīmata te hua i te 8–12 tau, engari ko te whakatipu tipu ka poto ake te wā, hei tauira, 5–7 tau, i runga i te tiaki me te āhua o te oneone.
Ka hauhaketia te mangosteen ina pakari rawa. Ka kitea te pakari mā te hurihanga o te tae mai i te kakariki ki te whero papura ki te papura hohonu. Kia tupato te hauhake, nā te mea ka ngawari te pakaru o te kiri o te mangosteen, ā, ka taea e te waikura te poke i te hua. Whakamahia he kutikuti tapahi, he taputapu hauhake rānei, waiho he kakau poto, ā, kaua e taka te hua ki te whenua.
7. Te Whai muri i te Kotinga me te Hokohoko
Ko te whakahaere i muri i te kotinga ka whakatau i te kounga o ngā hua, inā koa mō ngā mākete kounga teitei me ngā mākete kaweake. Whai muri i te kotinga, ka whakarōpūhia ngā hua kia rite ki te rahi, te pakari, me te āhua o te kiri. Ka tangohia ngā hua hapa, pakaru, pakari rawa rānei. Kātahi ka horoia ngā mangosteen ka tākaihia ki roto i ngā kete, i ngā kātene poka rānei kia pai ai te rere o te hau. Ka taea e te penapena mātao te whakaroa i te oranga o te hua, engari karohia te pāmahana tino makariri kia kore ai e kino te whakamatao.
Mō te hokohoko, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te hoko mā roto i ngā kaikohi, ngā mākete tuku iho, te mahi tahi me ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi, te hanga rānei i ā rātou ake waitohu mō te mākete hokohoko. Ko ngā paerewa kounga, te haere tonu o te tuku, me te ma, he mea nui ki te kukume i ngā kaihoko nui.
8. Whakamutunga
He haumitanga roa te whakatipu mangosteen, inā koa i ngā rohe pārūrū he nui te ua me te oneone momona, he pai te rerenga wai. Ko te kī ki te angitu kei roto i te whiriwhiri i ngā purapura pai, te whakarite tika i te whenua, te tiaki kaha i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te tipu, me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate urutā. Ahakoa he roa te wā e hua ai, he hua ataahua te mangosteen nā te mea he nui te utu hoko me te tono tonu. Mā te whakahaere tika i te māra me te whakahaere tika i muri i te kotinga, ka taea e te mangosteen te noho hei taonga whai hua mō ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā pakihi ahuwhenua.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki ā-rohe motuhake (hei tauira, West Java, West Sumatra, NTB rānei), tae atu ki ngā taunakitanga taipitopito ake mō ngā tawhiti whakatō me ngā wātaka whakawairakau.
