Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā momo tipu raihi pai rawa atu
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi momo raihi pai rawa atu tētahi o ngā whakataunga nui rawa atu i roto i te whakatipu raihi. Ka taea e te momo tika te whakanui ake i ngā hua, te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te korenga o te hua, te penapena i ngā utu whakaputa, me te whakaputa i ngā witi me ngā raihi e tutuki ana i te hiahia o te mākete. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te momo "pai rawa atu" te tikanga ko te momo rongonui, tino hua rānei kua whakarārangihia i roto i te pukapuka iti. Ko te momo pai rawa atu ko tētahi e pai ana ki ngā āhuatanga o tō whenua, te āhuarangi, ngā tauira whakatipu, ngā pēhanga o ngā pepeke me ngā mate, me ngā whāinga ahuwhenua. Anei tētahi aratohu katoa mō te whiriwhiri i ngā momo raihi pai rawa atu mā te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi mahi.
1. Kia mārama ki te kaupapa o te mahi ahuwhenua: te kai, te hoko witi, te hoko raihi rānei
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatau i te aronga whakatipu. Mena ko te kai a te whānau te whāinga matua, ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaimahi pāmu ngā momo he ngawari te reka, he kakara reka, ā, he roa te wā e ora ai. Mena ko te whāinga matua ko te hoko raihi kāore anō kia tangohia te kiri, ka neke te arotahi ki te hua nui, te pakari wawe, te ōrite, me te ngāwari o te hauhake. Mena e hiahiatia ana te hoko raihi (kounga teitei, ko te motuhake rānei), ka nui ake ngā whakaaro: te hua o te raihi, te āhua me te tae, te kakano, me te hiahia o te mākete ā-rohe (hei tauira, te raihi maroke mō ngā wharekai motuhake, te raihi ngohengohe rānei mō te mākete ā-whare).
Mēnā he whāinga mārama, ka taea e koe te tātari i ō whiringa momo mai i te tīmatanga kia kore ai koe e pōhēhē i ngā taunakitanga maha.
2. Kia mārama ki te pūnaha ahuwhenua me ngā āhuatanga o te whenua
He nui te pānga o te taiao whakatipu ki ngā momo raihi. Nō reira, me mārama koe ki ngā āhuatanga mahi o tō whenua, inā koa:
– Momo whenua: ngā mara raihi whakamakuku hangarau, ngā mara raihi whakamakuku āhua-hangarau, ngā mara raihi whāngai ua, ngā repo tai, te whenua maroke rānei (gogo).
– Te wātea o te wai: he pumau i te roanga o te wā, he iti rānei te wai i ētahi wā.
– Teitei me te pāmahana: he rerekē te urupare a ētahi momo ki ngā whenua papaku me ngā whenua teitei.
– Ngā āhuatanga o te oneone: te pH o te oneone, te tote pea, te paitini Fe rānei i ētahi wāhi.
– Hītori whenua: he aha ngā momo kua pai mō te whakatipu, he aha ngā raruraru matua (te noho, te mate, te hekenga o te hua).
Kāore pea ngā momo raihi pai mō ngā māra raihi whakamakuku i te pai mō ngā māra raihi whāngai ua. I ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te tauraki, he maha ngā wā ka haumaru ake ngā momo e ātete ana ki te tauraki, e wawe rānei te pakeke. I tua atu, i ngā māra raihi he pumau te wai, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā momo hua nui e aro ana ki te tono tongi.
3. Kia aro ki te tau hauhake me te tika o te maramataka whakato.
Ka pāngia ngā rautaki whakato me ngā mōrearea e te pakeketanga o ngā momo. He pai ngā momo wawe te pakeketanga (e wawe ana te kotinga) mō:
– te whai i te taupū hua (hei tauira, 2–3 hua ia tau),
– te whai i ngā wā o te tau, te karo i ngā whakaekenga nui o ngā pepeke, te matapae rānei i ngā waipuke/tauraki,
– me tere ake te hurihanga o te whakapaipai.
He pai anō hoki ngā momo kākano waenga-tōmuri i ētahi wā, arā, ētahi āhuatanga, ātete rānei, engari ka nui ake ngā mōrearea mēnā ka huri te wā, ka kore rānei e pumau te puna wai.
He mea nui te maramataka whakato ā-rohe: ki te whakatō wawe rawa, ki te whakatō tōmuri rawa rānei, ka pāngia te wā pihi/puāwai e te huarere kino, ā, ka heke te hua.
4. Kōwhiria i runga i te ātete ki ngā pepeke me ngā mate kino
Ka taea e ngā riha me ngā mate te whakaiti i te kaha o te hua, ahakoa i roto i ngā momo tino hua. Nō reira, me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa momo ki ngā tūmomo riri matua o tō rohe, hei tauira:
– Te pepeke parauri (BPH) me ngā huaketo e tukuna ana e ia,
– Te ngenge rau huakita,
– Te pupuhi (pyricularia),
– Tungro
– Te kaikōroke kākano.
Ko tētahi huarahi whai hua hei aromatawai i tēnei ko te pātai ki ngā kaimahi toronga, ki ngā kaimahi pāmu ā-rohe rānei, ko ēhea momo i "ātete ki te mara" i te wā kua hipa. Kia maumahara ka taea te "whati" i te ātete mēnā ka puta mai ngā pepeke, ngā mate rānei. Nō reira, mā te huri i ngā momo me te whakamahi i ngā purapura whaimana ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā pakarutanga pepeke.
5. Whakaarohia te ātete ki te noho me te āhua o te kakau.
Ka ngawari te hinga o ngā tipu raihi, ka ngaro te hua, ka nui ake ngā hua o te witi kau, ka uaua te hauhake, ā, ka whakaiti i te kounga o te witi. Mena he maha ngā hau kaha e pāngia ana e tō whenua, e te ua nui, e te nui rānei o te tongi N (urea), whiriwhiria ngā momo me:
– he kakau pakari,
– he teitei waenga te tipu (kāore i te tino teitei),
– ngā pakiaka pakari.
Ko ngā momo e ātete ana ki te noho, he pai ake te tiaki i a rātou anō.
6. Aromatawaihia ngā putanga pea i runga i te pono: tirohia ngā raraunga me ngā taunakitanga o te mara
Ko te hua ka puta i runga i te tapanga, i roto rānei i ngā pānuitanga, he maha ngā wā e whakaata ana i te hua tino pai i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau. I te mara, ka pāngia te hua e te whakamakuku, te tongi, te whakahaere taru, te matotoru o te whakato, me te rangi. Nō reira, whiriwhiria ngā momo i runga i te huinga o:
– ngā raraunga taunakitanga mana (hei tauira, ngā hua whakamātautau urutau i te rohe e tika ana),
– ngā hua o te kauwhata whakaaturanga (ngā kauwhata whakaaturanga),
– ngā wheako o ngā kaimahi pāmu o te rohe.
Mena he rite te kaha o ngā momo e rua ki te whakaputa hua, whiriwhiria te mea he tino pumau te hua puta noa i ngā wā. He pai ake te pumau i ngā piki me ngā heke i ētahi wā.
7. Whakarerekētia kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te mākete: te kakano o te raihi, te āhua o te raihi, me te hua
Ehara i te mea ko te reka anake te mea nui mō te kounga o te raihi, engari ko tōna uara mākete anō hoki. He maha ngā mea nui:
– Te kakano o te raihi: ngawari, waenga, maroke rānei. E pā ana tēnei ki te nui o te amylose.
– Kakara: he pai ake ki ētahi mākete te raihi kakara.
– Te āhua me te tae o te raihi: roa, angiangi, waenga, porowhita rānei.
– Te hua o te raihi: te nui o te raihi ka puta mai i te witi i muri i te mira.
– Ngāwari: he ngāwari ake te pakaru o ētahi momo mena kāore i te tika te whakamaroke, te mira rānei.
Mena kei te hoko koe ki tētahi kaihokohoko witi, tera pea he iti ake te uara o te kounga i te rahinga. Heoi, ki te tīmata te mākete ki te tono raihi me ngā paearu motuhake, ka taea e te momo tika te whakanui ake i te utu.
8. Kia tino pono, kia whai tiwhikete hoki ngā purapura.
Kāore e tino pai ngā momo pai mena he rūpahu, he mea hanga ki te paru, he iti rānei te kaha ki te whakatipu. Kōwhiria ngā purapura me ēnei āhuatanga:
– ngā tapanga me ngā takai mana (ngā purapura kua whakamanahia),
– ngā mōhiohio mārama: momo, tau o te puranga, kaha whakatipu, rā paunga,
– kei te ora tonu te takai, kāore i te mākū.
Ka whakatairanga ngā purapura pai i te tipu ōrite, te ngāwari o te tiaki, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te tūponotanga o ngā hua nui. Mena kei te whakamahi koe i ngā purapura tuku iho (mai i ngā kotinga o mua), me whakahaere he whakamātautau whiriwhiri me te whakatipu pakari, engari kia mōhio koe ka heke te kounga ira me te hauora o te purapura i roto i te wā.
9. Ngā whakamātautau iti i mua i te whakato nui
He mahi e warewarehia ana engari he tino whai hua ko te whakahaere i tāu ake whakamātautau momo. Anei te mahi:
1. Tīpakohia kia 2–4 ngā momo e hiahiatia ana.
2. Whakatōkia ki ngā wāhi iti i runga i te whenua kotahi, me te tukatuka māra ōrite.
3. Kia mōhio: te kaha tīmatanga, ngā whakaritenga wai, te ātete OPT, te ngāwari o te tiaki, te pakeke o te kotinga, me ngā hua o te tārai.
4. Aromatawaihia hoki te kounga o te witi me te raihi i muri i te mira mēnā ka taea.
Mā ngā whakamātautau māmā, ka whiwhi koe i ngā raraunga tūturu mai i tō ake mara, ehara i te mea ko ngā taunakitanga whānui anake.
10. Whakahāngaihia te momo ki te hangarau whakatipu e whakamahia ana
Ka nui ake te whai hua o ngā momo pai mena ka tika te hangarau. Hei tauira:
– Ki te whakatō rarangi legowo koe, ka tere ake te aro o ētahi momo e hua ana i te tini o ngā uri.
– Ki te mea kei te whakatōkia kaha koe ki te wairākau, whiriwhiria ngā momo e aro nui ana ki te tipu engari e ātete tonu ana ki te noho.
– Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakaiti i ngā patu pepeke, whiriwhiria ngā momo he ātete ki ngā pepeke.
Whakakotahitia ngā momo tipu me ngā tikanga whakatipu pēnei i te mokowā tika, te whakamomona taurite, te whakahaere wai, me te whakahaere taru kino.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri i ngā momo raihi pai anake te mea e rapu ana i te hua teitei rawa atu. Ko ngā momo pai rawa atu ko ērā e pai ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te whenua, te wātea o te wai, te maramataka whakato, te pēhanga o ngā pepeke me ngā mate, me te tono a te mākete. Tīmata ki ō whāinga whakatipu, mārama ki tō pūnaha ahuwhenua, whiriwhiria ngā momo e ātete ana ki ngā take matua o tō rohe, whakarite kia whai tiwhikete ngā purapura, me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau iti i mua i te whakawhānui i ngā whakato. Mā tēnei rautaki, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te kotinga nui, pumau, me te hua.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te kohikohi i ngā momo taunakitanga mō te tipu i runga i te wāhi (rohe/rohe), te momo whenua (whakamakuku/ua/repo), te wā whakato, me ngā raruraru riha me ngā mate e pā pinepine ana ki ō mara raihi.
