Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu e tika ana mō te whenua maroke
He maha ngā wā ka kiia he iti ake te hua o ngā whenua maroke nā te iti o te wai, te tere o te whakapakeke o te oneone, me te nui o te rā e whiti ana. Heoi, mā te whiriwhiri tika i ngā hua, ka taea tonu e ngā whenua maroke te noho hei wāhi whakatipu hua, hei whakarato kai, hei whāngai kararehe, hei whakatipu ngahere anō hoki. Ko te mea nui, kaua e akiaki i ngā whenua maroke kia "rite ki ngā whenua repo," engari kia urutau i ngā momo tipu ki ngā āhuatanga o te whenua me te wātea o te wai. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā huarahi whai hua hei whiriwhiri i ngā tipu e tika ana mō ngā whenua maroke, tae atu ki ngā paearu, ngā whakaaro hangarau, me ngā tauira o ngā momo tipu pea.
1. Kia mārama tuatahi ki ngā āhuatanga o te whenua maroke
I mua i te kōrero mō ngā tipu, he mea nui kia mārama ki te tikanga o te whenua maroke. Ko te tikanga, ko te whenua maroke e pā ana ki te whenua ahuwhenua ko te ua te pūtake wai matua, ehara i te whakamakuku. Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ko:
– He iti te ua, he roa rānei te wā maroke
– He oneone onepu, he oneone kohatu rānei, nō reira ka tere te mimiti me te mimiti o te wai
– He iti te ihirangi rauemi rauropi
– He teitei te pāmahana o te mata o te oneone, ā, he ngāwari te pakaru
– Te nui ake o te mōrearea o te hau me te wai
Mā te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu ka ora me te iti o te wai e hiahiatia ana, ka noho hua tonu, ā, kāore e ngāwari te pāngia e te ahotea i te wā tauraki.
2. Arotahi ki ngā tipu e ātete ana ki te tauraki
Ko te paearu tuatahi mō te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu mō ngā whenua maroke ko tō rātou manawanui ki te korenga o te wai. Ko ngā tipu e manawanui ana ki te tauraki he maha ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
– He pūnaha pakiaka hōhonu hei kimi wai i ngā paparanga o raro o te oneone
– Ngā rau iti, matotoru rānei (whakaiti i te mimiti)
– He paparanga ware pi kei runga i ngā rau (kirikiri)
– Te kaha ki te "whakahaere" i ngā mahi ā-tinana ina kore he wai
E mōhiotia ana he pai ake te urutau o ngā hua pēnei i te sorghum, te manioka, ētahi pīni, me ētahi momo māra ki te whenua maroke i te raihi, i ngā huawhenua rānei e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te wai.
3. Kia aro ki ngā hiahia wai o te rohe me ngā tauira ua.
Kāore e ranea te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu e ātete ana ki te tauraki. Me whakataurite hoki ō rātou hiahia wai ki ngā tauira ua o tō rohe. Ngā mea nui hei mōhio:
– Āhea te wā ua ka tīmata, ka mutu hoki?
– E taurite ana te ua, e tino nui ana rānei i te tīmatanga o te wā?
– Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e pā mai ai ngā wā maroke?
He haumaru ake ngā hua poto te ora ina poto te wā ua. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā hua ā-tau ka ora i te wā maroke ka taea te waiho hei haumitanga mō te wā roa. Mā te whakataurite i te maramataka whakato me ngā tauira ua, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te korenga o te hua.
4. Kōwhiria ngā tipu e tere ana te pakari, e rite ana rānei mō te hauhake.
I ngā wāhi maroke, he iti nei te ua, he kōwhiringa rautaki ngā hua e tere ana te tupu. Ka taea e ngā hua pēnei i te pīnati, ētahi kānga, ngā momo raihi whenua tupu wawe rānei te whakanui ake i te ua i mua i te taenga mai o te wā maroke. Ka tukuna hoki e ngā hua e tere ana te tupu ngā painga e whai ake nei:
– Te tere ake o te huringa whakapaipai
– He māmā ake te whakahaere i te mōrearea o ngā whakaekenga a ngā pepeke me ngā mate nā te mea he poto te wā whakato.
– Ka taea te mahi i te whakatō i waenga i ngā tipu, i te whakahurihuri rānei i runga i te ngāwari ake
Heoi, kia tino mōhio koe ko te momo e whiriwhiria ana e koe he mea e taunakitia ana mō ngā āhuatanga whenua maroke, kaua mō te hauhake tere anake.
5. Tirohia te pai o te oneone: te kakano, te pH me ngā matūkai
Kāore ngā whenua maroke e ōrite tonu. Ko ētahi he onepū, ko ētahi he uku, ko ētahi he toka, he kore rānei he matūkai. Nō reira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tipu, me whakaaro koe ki te pai o te oneone, inā koa:
– Kakano oneone: he pai te oneone onepu mō ngā tipu kāore e pai ki te waipuke, engari me whai rautaki hei pupuri i te makuku.
– Te pH o te oneone: he pai ake ki ētahi tipu te ātete ki te pH iti, pērā i te manioka.
– Te momona o te oneone: he iti te hauota me te matū rauropi i ngā whenua maroke, nō reira ka taea e ngā pīni (ngā pīni) te whakapai ake i te oneone mā te here i te hauota mai i te rangi.
Ki te taea, whakahaerehia he whakamātautau oneone māmā hei whakatau i te pH me te nui o ngā matūkai. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu kāore e whakataetae ki ngā āhuatanga o te oneone.
6. Whakaarohia te kaupapa o te mahi ahuwhenua: te kai, te whāngai kararehe, te tiaki rānei
Me whiriwhiri ngā tipu mō te whenua maroke i runga i te kaupapa matua:
1. Kai: manioka, kānga, sorghum, pīni, kūmara.
2. Whāngai kararehe: tarutaru odot (me te whakahaere wai pai ake), indigofera, lamtoro, whāngai sorghum.
3. Tiaki/marumaru: te kamal, te kamura, te tīki, te moringa, ngā tipu uhi whenua rānei hei whakaiti i te horo o te whenua.
Mena ko te whiwhinga moni te whāinga, whakaarohia te tono a te mākete ā-rohe. Mā ngā hua e ātete ana ki te tauraki engari kāore e taea te hoko ka uaua ki ngā kaimahi pāmu i te mutunga o te wā.
7. Whakatairangahia ngā momo ā-rohe, ngā momo rānei kua kitea he urutau.
He kaha ake te ātete o ngā momo ā-rohe ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino nā te mea kua urutau rātou i roto i ngā tau. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamātau i tētahi momo hou, kia tino mohio koe:
– He taunakitanga nā ngā kaimahi toronga ahuwhenua ā-rohe
– Kua whakamatautauria i ngā wāhi he rite ngā āhuarangi ahuwhenua
– He pumau te hua o te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga tauraki
He ātaahua ngā momo hua nui, engari i ngā whenua maroke, he mea nui ake te pumau o te hua i ngā hua nui "he pai anake i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai".
8. Ngā tauira o ngā tipu e pai ana mō te whenua maroke
Anei ētahi tauira o ngā tipu e whiriwhiria ana mō te whenua maroke, i runga i te taumata o te maroke:
– Te manioka: he ātete ki te tauraki, he pai mō te oneone kāore i te momona, he whānuitia te whakamahinga hei kai me te ahumahi.
– He tino urutau te hāora ki ngā momo tipu, ka taea te whakamahi hei kai me te whāngai kararehe, ā, e manawanui ana ki te tauraki.
– Kānga: ka taea te whakatō ki te whenua maroke me ngā momo tika me te whakahaere pai o te wai.
– Ngā pīnati me ngā pīni mung: he poto te ora, he pai ina iti te wai, ā, ka pai ake te momona o te oneone.
– Kūmara: he tino ātete ki te mate, ina koa mēnā kāore te oneone i te tino kikī.
– Moringa: he ātete ki te tauraki, he nui te uara kai, ka taea te hauhake i ngā rau i ia wā.
– Leucaena, gamal, kamulla: he pai mō te whāngai me te whakato ngahere, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te oneone.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia: ko te "pai" ka pāngia tonu e te whakahaere whenua, te tawhiti whakatō, me te wā whakatō. Ahakoa ngā hua e ātete ana ki te tauraki, ka taea te hinga mēnā ka whakatōkia i te wā hē.
9. Kia aro ki ngā rautaki whakato: te whakato ā-iwi me te whakahurihuri
He haumaru ake te whenua maroke ina whakamahia te whakatō kai whakaranu me te hurihanga hua. Hei tauira:
– Kānga + pīnati
– Te manioka + te pīni matomato (i te tīmatanga o te tipu o te manioka)
– Sorghum + ngā pīni whenua
Mā te whakatipu i ngā tipu ki waenganui i ngā tipu ka kapi te oneone, ka whakaiti i te mimiti me te horo. Ka pehia hoki e te hurihanga ngā pepeke me ngā mate, ā, ka whakaiti hoki i te ngenge o te oneone.
10. Whakarerekētia ki ngā āheinga whakahaere wai
Hei whakamutunga, whiriwhiria ngā tipu i runga i tō kaha ki te whakarato, ki te tiaki rānei i te wai. Mēnā ka taea e koe te whakatō i te whenua hei taupoki, te hanga rānei i tētahi roto iti, ka whānui ake ō whiringa tipu. Heoi, ki te whakawhirinaki katoa koe ki te ua, whiriwhiria ngā tipu e ātete ana ki te tauraki, ā, he roa te ora kia rite ki te roa o te wā ua.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā hua e tika ana mō te whenua maroke ka tīmata mā te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te whenua me ngā tauira ua, kātahi ka whiriwhiri i ngā hua e ātete ana ki te tauraki, e urutau ana ki te oneone, e pakari ana hoki, e tika ana mō ngā whāinga whakatipu me te mākete. Ko ngā hua pēnei i te manioka, te sorghum, te pīni, te momo kānga whenua maroke, te kūmara, me te moringa he kōwhiringa noa e angitu ana i roto i ngā rohe maha. He mea nui, ko te angitu i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua whenua maroke ehara i te mea ko te momo hua anake engari ko ngā rautaki whakato, ngā wā whakato, me te whakahaere oneone hei pupuri i te wai mō ngā wā roa.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki ā-rohe motuhake (hei tauira, NTT, ngā wāhi maroke o Te Tai Rāwhiti o Java, ngā rohe onepu takutai rānei) me te tūtohu i tētahi huinga maramataka hua me te maramataka whakato motuhake ake.
