Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi pūrongo pūtea māmā
He maha ngā wā ka ahua uaua ngā pūrongo pūtea, engari mō ngā pakihi iti, ngā whakahaere, ngā whakahaere whaiaro rānei, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi putanga māmā ake, he ātaahua tonu, he whai hua hoki. Mā tētahi pūrongo pūtea māmā, ka taea e koe te whakatau i tō hauora pūtea, ō hua, me te wāhi e uru mai ana, e haere ana hoki ō moni. Ma tēnei tuhinga koe e ārahi i ia taahiraa ki te hanga i tētahi pūrongo pūtea māmā, ngāwari ki te whakatinana.
1. Kia Mārama ki te Kaupapa o ngā Pūrongo Pūtea
I mua i tō tīmatanga, whakatauhia te kaupapa mō te hanga i te pūrongo. Hei tirotiro i te hua me te mate o tō pakihi , hei whakahaere i te rere o te moni, hei tuku pūrongo ki ngā kaipupuri moni, hei aroturuki noa rānei i ngā whakapaunga o ia marama? Mā tēnei kaupapa ka whakatauhia ngā taipitopito o ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana e koe. Mō tētahi pūrongo māmā, ko te arotahi ko:
– Tuhia ngā moni whiwhi me ngā whakapaunga i ia wā, i ia wā
– Kia mōhio ki tō toenga moni, ki tō toenga pūkete rānei
– Tātaihia te hua/ngaronga i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea
– Tirohia ngā tūranga rawa me ngā nama i roto i tētahi whakarāpopototanga
Mā ngā whāinga mārama koe e āwhina kia ōrite, kia kore ai hoki ō pūrongo e tino uaua.
2. Whakaritea te Wā Hopu me te Pāpāho
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakatau i te wā pūrongo. Ko ngā pūrongo he marama te nuinga, engari ka taea hoki te mahi ia wiki (mō ngā pakihi he nui ngā tauwhitinga) me ia tau rānei (mō ngā whakarāpopototanga nui). Mō ngā tīmatanga, he pai te pūrongo ia marama nā te mea he taipitopito engari kāore i te tino uaua.
Whai muri i tēnā, tīpakohia te pāpāho hopu oro:
– Pukatuhi/pukapuka kaute: he pai mō te hunga e mōhio ana ki te tuhituhi ā-ringa
– Microsoft Excel/Google Sheets: tino ngāwari, ā, he māmā hoki te tatau aunoa
– Te tono kaute māmā: he pai mēnā ka tīmata te piki haere o ngā tauwhitinga
Mena he tīmatanga noa iho tō mahi, whakamahia he ripanga tātai nā te mea ka taea e koe te waihanga tauira me te whakamahi anō i aua tātai.
3. Te Kohikohi Raraunga Tauwhitinga
He pūrongo pai kei runga i ngā raraunga katoa. Kohia ngā taunakitanga tauwhitinga katoa, pēnei i:
– Ngā tuhinga hoko me ngā tuhinga hoko
– Taunakitanga whakawhiti, whakawhiti pūkete rānei
– Rīhiti utu
– Ngā nama nama/ngā nama whiwhi
– Te taunakitanga o ngā utu whakahaere (hiko, ipurangi, reti, utu, me ētahi atu)
Whakamaua he tikanga ki te pupuri i ngā tuhinga o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga o ia rā, nā te mea he maha ngā hapa ka puta mai i te whakawhirinaki ki te mahara. Ki te taea, wehewehea ngā pūkete whaiaro me ngā pūkete pakihi kia tika ake ai te pupuri tuhinga.
4. Tuhia he rēkoata mō ngā moni whiwhi me ngā whakapaunga
Koinei te tūāpapa o tētahi tauākī pūtea māmā . Waihangahia he ripanga me ngā pou penei:
- Te Rā
– Ngā taipitopito tauwhitinga
– Kāwai (hei tauira: hoko, rauemi mata, kawe waka, utu)
– Whiwhinga (Rp)
– Whakapaunga (Rp)
– Tikanga utu (moni/whakawhiti/pūkete hiko)
– Taurite (kāore he whiringa engari he tino āwhina)
I ia wā ka puta he tauwhitinga, tuhia tonutia. Hei tauira:
– 3 o Hānuere: Hokonga hua Rp. 500.000 (moni whiwhi)
– 4 o Hānuere: Hoko rauemi mata Rp. 200.000 (ngā whakapaunga)
Mai i ēnei tuhinga, kua whiwhi kē koe i tētahi tirohanga whānui taketake: te nui o te moni e uru mai ana, te nui o te moni e puta ana, me te rerekētanga.
5. Te Whakarōpū i ngā Whakawhitiwhitinga ki ngā Kāwai
Kia whai tikanga ake ai ngā pūrongo, me whakarōpū ngā tauwhitinga. Ki te kore he kāwai, ka kite noa koe i ngā tau nui me te kore e mārama ki tō rātou pūtake. Ngā tauira o ngā kāwai moni whiwhi:
– Te hoko hua/ratonga
– Ētahi atu moni whiwhi (komihana, reti, pōnahi)
Ngā tauira o ngā kāwai whakapaunga:
– Ngā rauemi mata/ngā taputapu
– Ngā utu whakahaere (hiko, wai, ipurangi)
– Te kawe me te tuku
– Utu/mahi
– Te hokohoko/pānuitanga
- Rēti
– Te tiaki/taputapu
– Te taake me te whakahaere
Mā ngā kāwai koe e āwhina ki te aromatawai i ngā whakapaunga nui rawa atu, me te whakaaro hoki mēnā he mea ka taea e koe te penapena.
6. Whakaritea he Pūrongo Hua me te Ngaronga Māmā
E whakaatu ana te tauākī moni whiwhi i tō mahi pūtea i roto i tētahi wā: ahakoa i whiwhi hua koe, i whiwhi mate rānei. Ko te whakatakotoranga māmā rawa ko:
Whiwhinga – Whakapaunga = Hua/Ngaronga
Tauira hōputu:
1. Te tapeke o te moni whiwhi
– Ngā Hokonga: Rp10.000.000
– Ētahi atu moni whiwhi: IDR 500.000
Tapeke Whiwhinga: Rp10.500.000
2. Utaina Katoa
– Rauemi mata: Rp. 4.000.000
– Whakahaere: Rp1.500.000
– Te utu kawe waka: Rp. 800.000
– Hokohoko: Rp. 700.000
Tapeke Whakapaunga: Rp7.000.000
3. Hua Kupenga
IDR 10.500.000 – IDR 7.000.000 = IDR 3.500.000
Ki te kore te hua e puta, he mate kei roto. He mea nui tēnei pūrongo hei aromatawai mēnā he pai tonu te haere tonu o tō pakihi, mēnā me whakapiki ake ngā utu, mēnā rānei me whakaiti ngā whakapaunga.
7. Te Waihanga i tētahi Pūrongo Rere Moni Māmā
Kāore te hua e tohu ana kei te wātea te moni. Tērā pea ka tuhia e koe he hoko, engari kāore anō kia utua e te kaihoko. Nō reira, ka aroturukihia e te pūrongo rere moni te moni e uru mai ana, e puta atu ana hoki.
Wehea kia toru ngā wāhanga māmā:
1. Moni Mai
– Ngā whiwhinga mai i ngā hoko moni
– Te whakataunga o ngā nama e tika ana kia utua
– Ētahi atu moni whiwhi kua riro mai
2. Whakaputa Moni
– Te hoko taonga/rauemi
– Te utu i ngā utu noa
– Te utunga nama
3. Taurite Tīmatanga + Rerekētanga Moni = Taurite Whakamutunga
Hei tauira:
– Te toenga moni tuatahi: IDR 2.000.000
– Te tapeke moni e tomo mai ana: Rp8.000.000
– Te tapeke moni i puta: Rp7.500.000
– Te toenga moni whakamutunga: Rp2.500.000
Mā te rere o te moni, ka taea e koe te whakatau tata i te wā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakanui ake i te whakapaipai, ki te pupuri rānei i ngā whakapaunga.
8. Whakaritea he Pepa Taurite Māmā (He Kōwhiringa engari he Taunakitanga)
E whakaatu ana te pepa toenga i te tūnga pūtea i tētahi rā kua whakaritea. Mō tētahi putanga māmā, whakarāpopoto noa:
– Ngā rawa (ngā mea kei a koe): moni, toenga peeke, taonga, taputapu
– Ngā nama/ngā nama (ngā mea e nama ana koe): ngā nama a te kaiwhakarato, ngā nama
– Pūtea/Te Pūtea (te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rawa me ngā nama)
Ko te tātai:
Ngā Rawa = Ngā Nama + Ngā Pūtea
Tauira:
– Ngā Rawa: moni Rp2.500.000, taonga Rp3.000.000, taputapu Rp4.000.000 → katoa Rp9.500.000
– Nama: Rp. 2.000.000
– Pūtea: Rp. 7.500.000
Mā te pepa toenga koe e kite i te uara kupenga me te pumau o te pakihi.
9. Te Tirotiro i te Whakatutukitanga me te Karo i ngā Hē Noa
Ko ētahi hapa noa i te wā e hanga ana i ngā pūrongo māmā:
– Kāore e tuhi i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga iti (ahakoa he maha tonu, he nui te moni)
– Te whakaranu i te moni whaiaro me te moni pakihi
– Kāore e pupuri ana i ngā taunakitanga o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga
– Kāwai hē (hei tauira, ngā whakapaunga whaiaro kei roto i ngā whakapaunga pakihi)
– Kāore e mahi auau i ngā pūrongo, ā, ka puranga ake, ka wareware koe ki ngā taipitopito.
Ko te otinga: te whai i te tikanga o te tuhi i ngā tuhipoka o ia rā, te whakarāpopototanga ia wiki, me te aromatawai ia marama.
10. Te Whakatau Whakatau me ngā Mahere Mahi
Ehara ngā pūrongo pūtea i te mea he tuhinga noa iho, engari he taputapu whakatau. Kia oti te pūrongo, whakataua:
– He hua, he mate rānei tēnei marama?
– Kei hea ngā whakapaunga nui rawa atu?
– He nui te moni mō te marama e tū mai nei?
– Me whakapiki ake i ngā hoko, me whakaiti rānei i ngā utu?
Mai i reira, waihangahia he mahere mahi māmā, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā utu tuku, te whakanui ake i ngā whakatairanga i runga i ngā hongere tino whai hua, te tere ake rānei i te kohikohinga o ngā nama nama.
Te Katinga
Ko te hanga i tētahi pūrongo pūtea māmā ka tīmata mā te tuhi tonu i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga. Mai i ō tuhinga whiwhinga moni me ō tuhinga whakapaunga, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi tauākī hua me te mate, he tauākī rere moni, ā, ki te taea, he pepa toenga māmā. Ahakoa te āhua taketake, he rawaka ēnei pūrongo hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō āhua pūtea, ki te whakatau pai ake, me te pupuri i te hauora pūtea o tō pakihi me tō oranga whaiaro.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te waihanga i tētahi tauira Google Sheets/Excel (te hōputu ripanga whiwhinga-utu, te pūrongo hua me te mate, me te rere o te moni) ka taea e koe te whakakī kia rite ki ō tauwhitinga o ia rā.
