Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Na-ekwu Maka Nguzogide Ohmic na nke Na-abụghị Ohmic
Pendahuluan
Nguzogide na sekit eletriki bụ echiche dị mkpa maka nghọta nke teknụzụ eletriki na eletrọniki. Nguzogide na-ekpebi ego ole ọkụ ga-esi na-agafe otu ihe mgbe etinyere voltaji na ya. E nwere ụdị nguzogide abụọ bụ isi a maara na physics: nguzogide ohmic na nguzogide na-abụghị ohmic. Isiokwu a ga-enye nkọwa zuru ezu nke ụdị nguzogide abụọ ahụ, yana ọtụtụ ihe atụ nsogbu na mkparịta ụka iji mee ka nghọta gị dịkwuo omimi.
Nguzogide Ohmic
Nguzogide Ohmic bụ nguzogide nke na-agbaso iwu Ohm, nke na-ekwu na ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na conductor n'etiti isi ihe abụọ dabara kpọmkwem na voltaji dị n'etiti isi ihe abụọ ahụ. N'ime mgbakọ na mwepụ, enwere ike ide iwu a dị ka:
"'mkpọkọ
V = IR
““
Ebe:
- V bụ voltaji (V)
– Abụ m ugbu a (Ampere)
- R bụ iguzogide (Ohm)
Ihe ndị nwere ohmic resistance na-enwekarị eserese nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ugbu a na voltaji n'ụdị ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Mgbochi Ohmic
Ajụjụ nke 1: A na-ejikọ resistor nwere nguzogide nke 10 Ohms na voltaji nke 5 Volts. Gbakọọ ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na resistor ahụ.
Mkparịta ụka:
Site na iji iwu Ohm:
\[V = IR \]
A maara:
– V = 5 Volt
– R = 10 Ohm
Ya mere:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{5}{10} = 0,5 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Ya mere, ike nke ugbu a na-agafe na resistor bụ 0,5 amperes.
Ihe atụ Ajụjụ nke 2 Nguzogide Ohmic na Sekit Parallel
Ajụjụ nke Abụọ: A na-ejikọ resistors abụọ, nke ọ bụla nwere resistor nke 4 Ohms na 6 Ohms, n'otu oge wee jikọọ na isi iyi voltaji 12 Volt. Gbakọọ mkpokọta ọkụ eletrik na-asọfe na sekit ahụ.
Mkparịta ụka:
Na sekit parallel, voltaji dị n'ofe resistor ọ bụla bụ otu:
– V = 12 Volt
Iji nweta mkpokọta ọkụ eletrik, anyị ga-ebu ụzọ chọta ọkụ eletrik dị na resistor ọ bụla site na iji iwu Ohm, wee tinye ha ọnụ.
1. Ugbu a na resistor 4 Ohm:
\[ I_1 = \frac{V}{R_1} = \frac{12}{4} = 3 \, \text{Ampere} \]
2. Ugbu a na resistor 6 Ohm:
\[ I_2 = \frac{V}{R_2} = \frac{12}{6} = 2 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Oke ọkụ eletrik dị na sekit ahụ bụ:
\[ I_{ngụkọta} = I_1 + I_2 = 3 + 2 = 5 \, \ederede{Ampere} \]
Ya mere, mkpokọta ọkụ eletrik na-asọfe na sekit ahụ bụ amperes 5.
Nguzogide Na-abụghị Ohmic
Nguzogide na-abụghị ohmic bụ nguzogide nke na-anaghị erube isi n'iwu Ohm. N'ime ihe ndị nwere nguzogide na-abụghị ohmic, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti voltaji na ugbu a abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ ma nwee ike ịdabere na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka okpomọkụ, ugboro ole, ma ọ bụ ubi eletriki. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ bụ oriọna incandescent, diode, na transistors.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Nguzogide Na-abụghị Ohmic
Ajụjụ nke Atọ: A na-ejikọ diode zuru oke na voltaji n'ihu nke 0.7 Volts. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere iguzogide diode zuru oke dị ka obere, kedu ọkụ eletrik ga-asọ mgbe ejiri voltaji a?
Mkparịta ụka:
N'ime diode zuru oke, ọ bụrụ na ọ gbagọrọ agbagọ n'ihu, diode ahụ ga-ekwe ka ọkụ eletrik na-asọ na obere nguzogide. Ya mere, a na-ekpebi mmiri ọkụ eletrik site na nguzogide ya, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu. N'ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị, nguzogide a dị obere nke na ike nke isi iyi voltaji na-ejedebe na ọkụ eletrik.
Ebe ọ bụ na diode ahụ dị mma, ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ibu nke ukwuu, na-eru nso na ike nke isi iyi voltaji na sekit ejikọtara ya na ya. Agbanyeghị, n'ọrụ bara uru, nguzogide nke sekit ndị ọzọ na oke ike nke isi iyi voltaji ga-ekpebi ike eletrik ahụ n'ezie n'ezie.
Ọ bụrụ na isi iyi voltaji nwere ike inye ọkụ eletrik na-akparaghị ókè, mgbe ahụ enwere ike iche na mmiri ọkụ eletrik buru ibu mana n'eziokwu ọ naghị adị mma ma a chọpụta oke ọkụ eletrik site na ikike nke isi iyi ahụ.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 4: Nguzogide Na-adịghị Ohmic na Oriọna Na-enwu enwu
Ajụjụ nke 4: Oriọna ọkụ na-enweghị ọkụ nwere ihe ndị na-abụghị ohmic, nke nwere voltaji aha nke 220 Volts na oriri ike nke 100 Watts. Gbakọọ nguzogide nke oriọna ahụ mgbe ọkụ ahụ gbanyere dịka ike na voltaji aha si dị.
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– V = 220 Volt
– P = 100 Watt
Site na usoro ike eletrik,
\[ P = VI \]
Ya mere, ọkụ eletrik nke na-asọ:
\[ I = \frac{P}{V} = \frac{100}{220} \ihe dị ka 0.455 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Na-esote, site na iji iwu Ohm,
\[ R = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{220}{0.455} \ihe dị ka 484 \, \text{Ohm} \]
Ya mere, nguzogide nke oriọna incandescent mgbe ọkụ ya na ike na voltaji aha ya bụ ihe dịka 484 Ohms.
Mmechi
Ịghọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti nguzogide ohmic na nke na-abụghị ohmic dị oke mkpa na nyocha sekit eletriki. Nguzogide ohmic na-erube isi n'iwu Ohm, yana mmekọrịta kwụ ọtọ n'etiti voltaji na ugbu a, ebe nguzogide na-abụghị ohmic abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ ma ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike imetụta ya. Site na ihe atụ na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche egosiri n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma otu ụdị nguzogide abụọ a si arụ ọrụ na otu esi agbakọ ugbu a, voltaji, na nguzogide na sekit eletriki.
Ịmara ihe ndị na-eguzogide ohmic na nke na-abụghị ohmic bara ezigbo uru, ọkachasị maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na injinia eletriki ma ọ bụ eletrọniki, n'ihi na ọ na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta na inyocha sekit nke ọma na nke ọma.
