Cov Voj Voog: Lub Tswv Yim, Cov Qauv, thiab Cov Ntawv Siv Hauv Lub Neej Txhua Hnub Cov voj voog yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv geometry thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv txhua hnub thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lo lus "sector" los ntawm Javanese, txhais tau tias sector lossis seem. Yog li ntawd, ib lub voj voog sector tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib feem ntawm lub voj voog uas muaj ob lub voj voog... Nyeem ntxiv
Arrhenius Acids thiab Bases: Tshawb Pom Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Chemistry Hauv ntiaj teb ntawm chemistry, cov tswv yim ntawm acids thiab bases yog cov hauv paus tseem ceeb uas ua rau peb nkag siab txog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, ob qho tib si hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xav thaum ntxov thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev faib cov acids thiab bases tau qhia los ntawm Svante Arrhenius thaum xyoo pua 19th. Lub tswv yim no, uas ... Nyeem ntxiv
Lub Voj Voog: Tshawb Pom Qhov Tsis Paub Tseeb thiab Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Geometry Lub voj voog yog ib qho ntawm cov duab geometric uas paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov discs tig, cov log dov, thiab txawm tias qhov ze li ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho ntawm cov ntiaj teb txhua tus qhia txog qhov muaj cov voj voog. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho ntawm lub voj voog uas feem ntau tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas txaus: lub arc… Nyeem ntxiv
Cov Khoom thiab Lub Tswv Yim ntawm Cov Acids thiab Bases Lub tswv yim ntawm cov acids thiab bases tau yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm chemistry txij li thaum ub los. Lub tswv yim no tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov lus qhia chemistry hauv tsev kawm ntawv xwb tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau ntau yam kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev kho mob, thiab kev siv txhua hnub. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav cov khoom thiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov acids thiab bases nrog... Nyeem ntxiv
Kev Sib Xyaws Hloov Pauv Ua Haujlwm Hauv kev suav lej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kawm txog kev ua haujlwm, kev hloov pauv feem ntau siv los hloov cov duab los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm daim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv xws li kev hloov pauv (txhais lus), kev xav, kev ncab lossis kev nias (scaling), thiab kev tig. Thaum ntau qhov kev hloov pauv raug siv tib lub sijhawm lossis ua tiav, peb hu lawv ua kev sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav… Nyeem ntxiv
Cov Kev Dais Teeb Meem thiab Colloids: Kev Saib Xyuas Kom Zoo Dua Ob Lub Cim Xeeb Tshuaj Lom Zem Hauv chemistry, cov kev dais teeb meem thiab colloids yog ob lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas feem ntau dhau los ua cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv. Ob leeg muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej uas tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv. Tsab xov xwm no nrhiav kev nkag mus tob dua rau hauv cov kev dais teeb meem thiab… Nyeem ntxiv
Kev Sib Hloov lej: Muab Kev Nkag Siab Txog Kev Hloov Pauv Hauv Geometry Kev Taw Qhia Hauv kev lej, kev sib hloov yog ib qho ntawm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv geometry. Kev sib hloov tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev siv hauv kev lej ntshiab xwb tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam tob hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho. Tsab xov xwm no lub hom phiaj yog tshawb nrhiav lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib hloov lej, nws ua haujlwm li cas, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv li cas.
Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv Sib Tham Txog Kev Sib Npaug Tshuaj Hauv Kev Lag Luam Kev sib npaug ntawm tshuaj yog ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv chemistry thiab siv tau zoo heev hauv ntau qhov chaw lag luam. Hauv kev tshuaj lom neeg, kev sib npaug tshwm sim thaum tus nqi ntawm kev tshuaj tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej sib npaug rau tus nqi ntawm kev tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab, yog li qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom lag luam tseem nyob ruaj khov dhau sijhawm. Ntau yam kev lag luam, xws li tshuaj, petrochemicals, thiab kev ua... Nyeem ntxiv
Kev Nthuav Dav ntawm Kev Ua lej: Hloov Qhov Loj Yam Tsis Hloov Puab Kev Taw Qhia Hauv kev ua lej, lub tswv yim ntawm kev nthuav dav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv geometry. Kev nthuav dav, lossis kev hloov pauv sib piv, yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav dav lossis txo ib yam khoom yam tsis hloov nws cov duab qub. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ib qho nplai tshwj xeeb los nthuav dav lossis txo tag nrho cov khoom kom sib npaug. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog lub tswv yim, kev siv, thiab piv txwv… Nyeem ntxiv
Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv thiab Kev Sib Tham Txog Kev Hloov Pauv Sib Npaug Kev hloov pauv sib npaug yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv chemistry, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kawm txog kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv sib npaug yog Le Chatelier's Principle, uas hais tias: "Yog tias ib lub kaw lus hauv lub xeev sib npaug raug kev hloov pauv (kev ntxhov siab), lub kaw lus yuav hloov kho kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mus txog lub xeev ntawm ... Nyeem ntxiv