Yuav Xaiv Li Cas Ntawm Casting thiab Forging
Hauv kev tsim hlau, ob txoj kev uas feem ntau xav txog rau kev tsim cov khoom yog casting thiab forging. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom sib txawv, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, tus nqi, qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab kev txwv ntawm kev tsim qauv. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem zoo tsis yog tsuas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm "qhov twg muaj zog dua," tab sis yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib phim cov khoom xav tau, cov hom phiaj nqi, thiab cov peev xwm tsim khoom. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab ntawm casting thiab forging.
1. Nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem
Kev ua hlau yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov hlau los ntawm kev yaj cov khoom thiab tom qab ntawd nchuav rau hauv pwm. Tom qab txias thiab khov, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm pwm thiab feem ntau xav tau cov txheej txheem tiav lossis kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Muaj ntau hom kev ua hlau, suav nrog kev ua hlau xuab zeb, kev ua hlau peev, kev ua hlau tuag, thiab kev ua hlau centrifugal.
Kev ntaus hlau yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau khov kho los ntawm kev hloov pauv yas siv kev nias (punching lossis nias) ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb (kub ntaus hlau, sov ntaus hlau, lossis txias ntaus hlau). Cov khoom siv yog "yuam" kom ua raws li cov duab ntawm lub pwm los ntawm cov noob nplej, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj zog thiab tawv.
2. Cov qauv tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ntseeg tau
Yog tias koj cov khoom xav tau lub zog siab, tiv taus kev qaug zog, thiab kev cuam tshuam, kev forging feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Qhov no yog vim tias kev forging tsim cov qauv noob ntoo uas ua raws li cov khoom siv, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab nrib pleb ntau dua thiab sib xws ntau dua. Cov khoom xws li crankshafts, txuas rods, iav blanks, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cav feem ntau yog forged.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov castings tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo, tab sis lawv yooj yim rau cov qhov tsis zoo sab hauv xws li porosity (voids), shrinkage, inclusions, lossis kub tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tsis nruj heev. Hauv cov ntawv thov kev tsim kho tseem ceeb heev (piv txwv li, cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb siab), castings xav tau kev tswj hwm zoo dua thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
Cov lus nug qhia:
– Cov khoom puas yuav muaj kev thauj khoom ntau dhau (qaug zog)?
– Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom puas muaj kev pheej hmoo (kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb)?
- Puas xav tau kev ua kom muaj zog siab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm?
Yog tias cov lus teb yog "yog", kev forging yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem kim dua.
3. Qhov nyuaj ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim qauv
Los ntawm kev tsim qauv, kev casting zoo heev hauv nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov geometries nyuaj. Casting tso cai rau kev tsim cov qhov hauv, phab ntsa nyias (hauv qee cov txheej txheem), cov duab organic, thiab cov ntsiab lus uas nyuaj lossis tsis yooj yim sua los ntawm kev forging. Piv txwv li, cov tsev twj tso kua mis, impellers, gearbox casings, lossis cov khoom nrog cov channel sab hauv feem ntau qiv lawv tus kheej zoo dua rau casting.
Feem ntau kev forging tsuas yog txwv rau cov duab uas "ntws" thiab tsis nyuaj heev sab hauv. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem zoo li kaw-tuag forging tuaj yeem tsim cov duab nyuaj heev, lawv tseem muaj cov kev txwv xws li lub kaum sab xis, kab sib cais, thiab cov khoom siv ntws. Yog tias tus qauv tsim muaj ntau qhov undercuts, cov qhov sab hauv nyuaj, lossis qhov sib txawv tuab heev, forging tuaj yeem tsis yooj yim lossis xav tau kev siv tshuab ntau.
Cov lus nug qhia:
- Puas muaj tej qhov chaw sab hauv uas nyuaj heev?
- Cov duab ntawm lub Cheebtsam puas nyuaj thiab ntxaws ntxaws heev?
– Kev siv tshuab ntau npaum li cas tseem siv tau?
Yog tias qhov nyuaj siab heev, kev casting feem ntau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
4. Kev kam rau siab thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw
Feem ntau, kev forging feem ntau tsim cov qauv ntom dua thiab sib xws dua, tab sis "as-forged" qhov ntev ntawm kev kam rau siab tseem nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem. Ntau yam khoom forged tseem xav tau kev siv tshuab kom ua tiav qhov ntev kawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw precision.
Kev casting muaj ntau yam sib txawv nyob ntawm hom:
- Kev tuag casting tuaj yeem tsim cov nplaim du thiab zoo tolerances rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog ferrous (piv txwv li txhuas lossis zinc).
- Kev nqis peev casting yog paub tias yuav tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab kev kam rau siab zoo dua li xuab zeb casting.
- Cov xuab zeb casting feem ntau muaj kev kam rau siab dua thiab cov chaw ntxhib dua.
Yog tias cov khoom xav tau kev kam rau siab nruj yam tsis muaj kev siv tshuab loj, koj yuav tsum ntsuam xyuas hom kev casting lossis forging kom raug - tsis yog tsuas yog xaiv ib qho xwb.
5. Cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov cuab yeej siv
Cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam feem ntau yog qhov txiav txim siab tseem ceeb.
Kev Ua Txhaum Cai:
- Cov cuab yeej siv tau pheej yig (piv txwv li, siv cov qauv yooj yim los ua cov xuab zeb).
- Haum rau cov khoom me me mus rau nruab nrab nrog kev nqis peev tsawg.
- Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ib chav tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yog tias muaj ntau yam haujlwm tiav lossis tshuaj xyuas.
Kev Ntaus:
- Yuav tsum tau cov pwm thiab cov khoom siv kim dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kaw-tuag forging.
- Haum rau nruab nrab mus rau loj ntau lawm, vim tias cov nqi cuab yeej tuaj yeem "kis" thoob plaws ntau chav.
- Feem ntau ua rau muaj cov khoom muaj zog dua uas tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm kev ua tsis tiav lossis kev thov lav rau yav tom ntej.
Cov lus nug qhia:
- Lub hom phiaj tsim khoom ntau npaum li cas hauv ib xyoos?
– Cov khoom puas yuav raug hloov kho dua tshiab (hloov pauv ntau zaus)?
– Tus nqi pib nqis peev yog dab tsi?
Yog tias tus qauv tsim yuav raug hloov pauv ntau zaus, kev casting nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim dua feem ntau yuav yooj ywm dua. Yog tias tus qauv tsim yog laus thiab qhov ntim loj, kev forging tuaj yeem pheej yig dua rau lub sijhawm ntev.
6. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv hlau
Tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
- Qee cov hlau sib xyaw yooj yim dua rau kev pov vim tias lawv muaj cov kua dej zoo thiab kev ntsws tuaj yeem tswj tau.
- Qee cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua "forging friendly" vim lawv cov ductility thiab muaj peev xwm deformation zoo ntawm qee qhov kub.
Piv txwv li, ntau cov hlau carbon thiab alloy feem ntau yog forged rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab hnyav. Aluminium tuaj yeem raug cam khwb cia lossis forged—forged aluminium feem ntau yog xaiv rau cov khoom uas xav tau qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog thiab qhov hnyav (piv txwv li, aerospace lossis high-performance automotive).
Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, xyuas kom koj tus neeg muag khoom lossis pab pawg ua haujlwm nkag siab txog cov teeb meem: qhov kub hnyiab thaum lub sijhawm casting, ua haujlwm hardening thaum lub sijhawm forging txias, lossis cov kev cai kho cua sov tom qab ua tiav.
7. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo
Feem ntau kev forging muaj kev pheej hmoo qis dua ntawm porosity dua li casting, vim tias cov khoom tsis khov los ntawm cov kua theem. Txawm li cas los xij, kev forging tseem muaj teeb meem, xws li laps (folds), underfill, lossis tawg vim yog kev ua tsis raug.
Kev ua casting yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev tsim cov qhov rooj vag, cov risers, qhov cua, thiab kev tswj qhov kub kom txo tau qhov tsis zoo. Yog tias cov khoom tseem ceeb heev, kev ua casting yuav xav tau kev kuaj xyuas tsis-kev puas tsuaj (NDT) xws li X-ray / CT scans, kev kuaj xim nkag mus, lossis kev kuaj ultrasonic kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo sab hauv.
Xav txog cov nqi tshuaj xyuas thiab lub sijhawm ua ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov nqi, tsis yog tsuas yog cov nqi tsim khoom thawj zaug xwb.
8. Lub sijhawm ua khoom thiab muaj cov neeg muag khoom
Hauv kev xyaum ua haujlwm, qhov kev xaiv feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm:
- muaj cov neeg muag khoom,
- lub peev xwm ntawm lub cav,
- lub sijhawm tsim khoom siv,
- lub sijhawm xa khoom.
Kev ua xuab zeb tuaj yeem ua tau sai heev rau kev tsim qauv. Kev sib tsoo tuag xav tau lub sijhawm tsim qauv thiab tsim khoom ntev dua, tab sis thaum ua tiav lawm, kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem ruaj khov dua thiab sai dua rau cov khoom loj.
Yog tias koj xav kom lub sijhawm ua lag luam sai, kev casting tuaj yeem yog thawj kauj ruam, tom qab ntawd txav mus rau forging thaum cov ntim nce ntxiv thiab tus qauv tsim ruaj khov.
9. Yuav ua li cas thiaj xaiv tau: ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim
Yuav kom txiav txim siab tau zoo dua, siv cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
1. Txhais cov kev xav tau ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav
Thaum cov khoom siv tiv taus cov khoom thauj siab thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev forging.
2. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm geometric
Yog tias tus qauv tsim nyuaj, muaj ntau qhov hauv, lossis muaj cov ntsiab lus me me, xaiv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev casting.
3. Xam tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag
Piv cov nqi cuab yeej, cov nqi rau ib chav, kev siv tshuab, cov nqi pov tseg, kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov nqi uas yuav ua tsis tau zoo.
4. Xav txog qhov ntim thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm tus qauv tsim
Kev casting yooj ywm rau cov ntim me me / rov ua dua sai. Kev forging zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntim loj / cov qauv ruaj khov.
5. Sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij txheej txheem txij theem tsim qauv.
Muaj ntau yam teeb meem txog tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv tsim uas tsis "tuaj yeem tsim tau." Kev siv DFM (Tsim Rau Kev Tsim Khoom) txij thaum pib tuaj yeem txuag tau cov nqi tseem ceeb.
Xaus
Tsis muaj lus teb rau txhua tus neeg txog qhov twg zoo dua, casting lossis forging. Forging zoo heev hauv lub zog, toughness, thiab kev ntseeg tau, thaum casting zoo heev hauv kev yooj ywm tsim thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov duab nyuaj thiab feem ntau pheej yig dua rau cov ntim me me mus rau nruab nrab. Qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov kev xav tau kev siv tshuab, cov hom phiaj nqi, qhov ntau lawm, thiab cov peev xwm xa khoom.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj tsim ib daim ntawv sib piv ntawm kev casting thiab forging rau koj qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb (hom khoom siv, qhov loj me, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kwv yees qhov ntim khoom tsim tawm) kom muab cov lus qhia tseeb dua.
