Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Kev Xav thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Xav thiab kev tshawb fawb, ob qho kev qhuab qhia uas feem ntau suav tias yog sib cais, yeej muaj feem cuam tshuam ze. Chiv thawj, kev xav suav nrog txhua yam kev nrhiav kev paub, suav nrog yam uas peb paub tam sim no ua kev tshawb fawb. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau los, kev tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem empirical tau coj kev tshawb fawb mus rau hauv ntau dua… Nyeem ntxiv
Descartes 'Dualism ntawm Lub Siab thiab Khoom: Ib Txoj Kev Kawm Txog Kev Xav 1. Kev Taw Qhia René Descartes, ib tug kws tshawb fawb nto moo hauv xyoo pua 17th, yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb uas tau cuam tshuam rau kev xav niaj hnub no los ntawm nws cov tswv yim hloov pauv. Ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim uas nws tau qhia uas tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam niaj hnub no yog dualism ntawm lub siab thiab khoom. Qhov dualism no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam kev sib tham hauv kev xav, kev puas siab puas ntsws, ... Nyeem ntxiv
David Hume Cov Kev Xav Txog Kev Paub Txog Empiricism David Hume, tus kws tshawb fawb Scottish xyoo pua 18th, yog tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm kev xav txog empiricist. Empiricism nws tus kheej yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev xav uas hais tias kev paub los ntawm kev paub txog kev xav. Hauv nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws, "A Treatise of Human Nature" thiab "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding," ... Nyeem ntxiv
Nietzsche thiab Txoj Kev Xav Txog Lub Siab Xav Kom Muaj Hwj Chim Friedrich Nietzsche yog ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thiab muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws cov kev xav txog kev xav tau tawm tsam cov kev coj ncaj ncees, kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb, thiab kev coj ua metaphysical uas tau tsim los ntawm sab hnub poob. Ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws txoj kev xav yog txoj kev xav ntawm "Lub Siab Xav Kom Muaj Hwj Chim" (der Wille zur Macht), uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ntau qhov chaw… Nyeem ntxiv
Lub Tswv Yim ntawm Tus Kheej hauv Kev Xav Txog Existentialist Existentialism yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kev xav uas hais txog tib neeg lub neej, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev xaiv tus kheej. Qhov tseem ceeb, existentialism yog kev teb rau cov kev lig kev cai kev xav uas hais txog lub ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom siv ua lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam. Lub tswv yim no tuav tias kev muaj nyob ua ntej lub ntsiab lus, txhais tau tias tib neeg thawj zaug muaj nyob thiab tom qab ntawd txhais lawv tus kheej los ntawm ... Nyeem ntxiv
John Rawls Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Taw Qhia John Rawls yog ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv uas muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws cov tswv yim txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees tau tshoov siab rau kev sib tham thiab kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws lij choj, thiab cov nom tswv. Nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, "A Theory of Justice" (1971), piav qhia nws cov kev xav txog yuav ua li cas ib lub zej zog ncaj ncees yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav... Nyeem ntxiv
Qhov Xwm Txheej ntawm Qhov Tseeb Raws li Plato Plato, ib tug kws tshawb fawb Greek thaum ub thiab yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Socrates, yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev xav ntawm sab hnub poob. Ntawm ntau lub tswv yim uas nws tau tsim, nws lub tswv yim ntawm qhov tseeb tej zaum yog ib qho ntawm qhov tob tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws. Los ntawm nws cov lus sib tham thiab kev sau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv nws cov haujlwm "The Republic," Plato... Nyeem ntxiv
Kev Kawm Txog Kev Paub thiab Kev Xav Txog Kev Paub Epistemology yog ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav uas tsom mus rau kev kawm txog kev paub. Lo lus no los ntawm cov lus Greek "episteme," txhais tau tias kev paub, thiab "logos," txhais tau tias kev kawm lossis kev xav. Hauv epistemology, cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav kev nkag siab txog kev paub yog dab tsi, peb tau txais nws li cas, thiab qhov twg peb cov kev paub siv tau... Nyeem ntxiv
Jean-Paul Sartre Txoj Kev Xav Txog Existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws yug hauv Paris rau lub Rau Hli 21, 1905, thiab tuag rau lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1980. Sartre tau paub tias yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv, thiab tus neeg tawm tsam nom tswv. Ib qho ntawm nws cov kev pab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub ntiaj teb yog lub tswv yim ntawm existentialism, ib txoj hauv kev ... Nyeem ntxiv
Nkag Siab Txog Kev Xav Raws Li Aristotle Kev Taw Qhia Kev xav yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xav thiab kev tshawb fawb, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev qhuab qhia, txij li lej mus rau kev tshawb fawb computer. Raws li txoj kev xav thiab kev xav, kev xav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov lus sib cav zoo, kos cov lus xaus kom raug, thiab nkag siab txog qhov tseeb tob dua. Hauv ntiaj teb sab hnub poob, Aristotle… Nyeem ntxiv