Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv Sib Tham Txog Lymphocytes thiab Cov Lus Teb Tshwj Xeeb Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Hauv kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu thiab tshuaj, kev nkag siab txog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog peb lub cev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev no yog cov lymphocytes, cov qe ntshav dawb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog cov lymphocytes, lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb, thiab muab cov qauv teeb meem los ua kom peb nkag siab tob txog cov ncauj lus no.
Kev Taw Qhia Txog Lymphocytes thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Tshwj Xeeb
Cov qe ntshav dawb (lymphocytes) yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas tseem ceeb rau kev teb rau kev kis kab mob. Lawv muaj ob hom tseem ceeb: B lymphocytes thiab T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes yog lub luag haujlwm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov protein uas tsom mus rau thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob me me. Lub caij no, T lymphocytes pab tua cov qe ntshav dawb uas kis kab mob thiab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Qhov kev teb tshwj xeeb, lossis kev hloov pauv, ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas paub thiab nco ntsoov cov kab mob tshwj xeeb uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no yog vim li cas kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiaj li muab kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev rau qee yam kab mob.
Lub Tswv Yim Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Tshwj Xeeb
1. Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm B Lymphocyte
– Thaum lub cev ntes tau ib yam antigen txawv teb chaws, cov hlwb uas ua rau muaj antigen (APCs), xws li macrophages, yuav nqos thiab ua cov antigen. Cov antigen fragments no ces yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm APC nrog rau MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules.
– B lymphocytes uas muaj cov receptors tshwj xeeb rau antigen yuav paub nws thiab khi, cim qhov pib ntawm B lymphocyte activation.
– Thaum twg ua haujlwm lawm, B lymphocytes yuav faib thiab sib txawv ua cov hlwb plasma uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov hlwb nco uas muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob mus sij hawm ntev.
2. Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm T Lymphocyte
- T lymphocytes kuj tseem ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog APCs, tab sis lawv paub txog cov antigens uas MHC molecules nthuav tawm uas txawv ntawm cov uas B lymphocytes paub.
- Cov Helper T lymphocytes (CD4+) tso tawm cov cytokines uas pab tswj thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum cov cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) tua cov hlwb uas muaj kab mob ncaj qha.
Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv thiab Kev Sib Tham
Lo lus nug thib 1
Piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm B thiab T lymphocytes hauv kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Kev Sib Tham:
Cov lymphocytes B thiab T yog cov hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb. Cov lymphocytes B, thaum ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm, hloov pauv mus ua cov hlwb plasma uas tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tsom thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob. Lawv kuj tsim cov hlwb nco, pab txhawb kev teb sai sai yog tias muaj kev kis kab mob dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, T lymphocytes muaj ntau hom subtypes:
- Cov pab T lymphocytes (CD4+), uas pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tso tawm cov cytokines.
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), uas tua cov hlwb hauv lub cev uas tau kis tus kab mob pathogens.
- Kuj tseem muaj cov T lymphocytes uas pab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob ntau dhau.
Lo lus nug thib 2
Tom qab raug tus kab mob uas tau lees paub ua ntej lawm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb, yuav muaj li cas rau lub cev?
Kev Sib Tham:
Thaum lub cev raug tus kab mob uas tau lees paub ua ntej lawm, cov hlwb cim xeeb uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug ua rau lub cev teb tau sai dua thiab zoo dua. Cov hlwb cim xeeb B sai sai sib txawv mus ua cov hlwb plasma thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau heev. Lub caij no, cov hlwb cim xeeb T tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlwb kis kab mob sai sai lossis pab cov hlwb B thiab macrophage teb los ntawm kev tsim cov cytokines. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev tshem tawm cov kab mob sai dua li thaum lub sijhawm raug thawj zaug.
Lo lus nug thib 3
Hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav pab tau li cas rau kev tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb?
Kev Sib Tham:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb yam tsis ua rau muaj kab mob. Lawv muaj cov antigens los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog lossis tuag lawm, lossis ib feem ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau hauv lub cev, B thiab T lymphocytes raug qhib thiab ua cov antigens zoo ib yam li kev kis kab mob ntuj. Tom qab ntawd cov hlwb nco qab raug tsim, muab kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev los ntawm kev ua kom cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob sai dua thaum cov kab mob tiag tiag tawm tsam yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau vim li cas kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob.
Xaus
Cov Lymphocytes thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev koom tes ntawm B thiab T lymphocytes, lub cev tuaj yeem tsim cov lus teb sai thiab sib koom tes rau cov kab mob. Cov kev tawm dag zog thiab kev sib tham saum toj no yuav txhawb nqa peb txoj kev nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lymphocytes hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb xwb tab sis kuj muab cov kev nkag siab txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab tshuaj.
