Nā ʻAno Sterilization ma ka Hale Lāʻau Lapaʻau
Pendahuluan
ʻO ka sterilization i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau kahi hana koʻikoʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana o ka huahana a me ka maʻemaʻe mai ka haumia microbial. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kaʻina hana, no ka mea hiki i ka haumia microbiological ke loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ke olakino o ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano sterilization like ʻole e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka haumia e nā pathogens hiki ke hōʻino, inā paha ka huahana hope loa a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana. E nānā hou kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano sterilization like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, mai nā ʻano kino a i nā kemika.
1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka wela
1.1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka wela maloʻo
ʻO ka sterilization wela maloʻo kahi ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka mahu wai. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka umu. ʻO ka mahana i hoʻohana ʻia maʻamau mai 160°C a 180°C, e mau ana no 2 a 3 mau hola. He mea pono kēia kaʻina hana no ka pepehi ʻana i nā microorganism ma o ka oxidizing protein a me nā nucleic acid. He kūpono loa kēia sterilization no nā mea i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohaumia ʻia e ke alo o ka mahu wai, e like me nā metala ʻoki kino, nā pauka, nā aila, a me ke aniani.
1.2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka wela pulu
ʻO ka sterilization wela pulu, a i ʻole autoclaving, kahi ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahu kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 121°C) no 15-20 mau minuke. Hana ia ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā protein microbial, e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou ʻano kūloko. He kūpono ka Autoclaving no ka sterilizing ʻana i nā media moʻomeheu, nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, nā wai, a me nā mea pale wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia ʻano hana no nā mea i maʻalahi i ka makū a i ʻole ka wela, e like me kekahi mau plastics a i ʻole kekahi mau enzymes.
2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka radiation
2.1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka Gamma Radiation
ʻO ke kukuna Gamma kahi ʻano hana hoʻomake e hoʻohana ana i nā kukuna gamma mai kahi kumu radioactive e like me cobalt-60. He kūpono kēia ʻano hana i ka pepehi ʻana i nā bacteria, nā virus, a me nā spores ma ka luku ʻana i kā lākou DNA. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻomake Gamma no nā huahana lapaʻau hoʻokahi hoʻohana, e like me nā syringes, nā mīkina lima, a i ʻole nā catheters. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ia kona hiki ke hoʻomake i nā huahana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika.
2.2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ke kukui Ultraviolet
He ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono ka mālamalama Ultraviolet (UV) no nā ʻili a me ka ea. Pepehi ka mālamalama UV-C (lōʻihi nalu 200-280 nm) i nā microorganism ma ka luku ʻana i kā lākou mau waikawa nucleic. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka sterilization UV i nā lumi hana, nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, a me nā ʻōnaehana HVAC e kāohi i ka haumia ea. Aia kona palena i ka haʻahaʻa o ke komo ʻana o ka mālamalama UV, e hoʻolilo ana i mea liʻiliʻi ma nā mea me nā ʻili like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻili i malu ʻia.
3. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma o ka kānana ʻana
ʻO ka sterilization ma ke kānana ʻana he ʻano hana ia ʻaʻole e pili ana i ka wela a i ʻole ka radiation akā hoʻokaʻawale i nā microorganism mai nā wai a i ʻole nā kinoea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā micro- a me nā nano-filters. ʻO nā kānana me nā pores liʻiliʻi e ana ma waena o 0.22 a me 0.45 micrometers, he liʻiliʻi ia e ālai i ka bacteria a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
3.1. Kānana no nā wai
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka sterilization kānana no nā wai i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā kano, nā serum, a me nā hopena infusion. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ia kona hiki ke sterilize i nā wai wela-sensitive, e like me nā hopena huaora a me nā biopharmaceuticals like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, he mau palena nō hoʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke wehe i nā virus a i ʻole nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o ka pore o ke kānana.
3.2. Kānana no ke Kinoea
Hoʻopili ʻia ka sterilization kānana i nā kinoea, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi hana hoʻokolohua a me nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā kānana High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) kahi laʻana o kahi kānana i hoʻohana ʻia e sterilize i ka ea i loko o nā lumi maʻemaʻe kahi i hana ʻia ai nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i kēia mau kānana ke hopu i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me 0.3 micrometers me ka pono o 99.97%.
4. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe me nā mea hana kemika
ʻO ka sterilization kemika e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika e pepehi a hoʻopau paha i nā microorganism. He mea pono loa kēia ʻano hana no ka sterilization ʻana i nā mea i maʻalahi i ka wela a i ʻole ka radiation.
4.1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka Ethylene Oxide
ʻO ka Ethylene oxide (ETO) kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka sterilization kinoea. He kūpono ʻo ETO i nā ʻano microorganism like ʻole, me nā bacteria, nā virus, a me nā spores. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i loko o kahi ʻano paʻa kahi e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ai ke kinoea ETO ma kahi mahana a me ke kaomi kikoʻī. Hoʻopau ʻo ETO i nā ʻano DNA a me RNA o nā microorganism, e make ai nā cell. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano hana e sterilize i nā lako lapaʻau plastik a me nā mea hana wela.
4.2. Sterilization me ka Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma
Hoʻohui ka ʻōnaehana sterilization plasma hydrogen peroxide i ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻāla ʻia me ka plasma, e hana ana i nā radical manuahi reactive kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke pepehi i nā microorganism. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i nā pono o ka hana wikiwiki a me ke koena liʻiliʻi, e kūpono ana no nā lako lapaʻau paʻakikī a me ka wela.
Pani
I nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, he mea nui ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano sterilization kūpono no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana a me ka pono o ka huahana hope loa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano sterilization kona mau pono a me nā palena, a ʻo nā noi like ʻole i loko o kahi kaulahao hana hoʻokahi e koi pinepine i ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano hana e hoʻokō ai i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo kumu o kēlā me kēia ʻano sterilization a me nā ʻano o ka huahana e sterilized ʻia he mea nui ia no ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono a maikaʻi loa. Ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia, ʻaʻole wale ka sterilization e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau akā pale pū i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ka mea maʻi.
