ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana ma ʻAigupita a me nā Pyramids: Ke wehe nei i kahi Millennia o nā mea pohihihi
ʻO ʻAigupita, kahi ʻāina i like me nā mea kupanaha kahiko, he wahi ia o ka hoihoi a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema no nā kenekulia. ʻO kāna mau waiwai archaeological, ʻoiai nā pyramids nani, hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi ola o kahi moʻomeheu e pohihihi a hoʻouluulu. Ke komo nei kēia ʻatikala i ke kahua o ka archaeology ma ʻAigupita, e ʻimi ana i ka lole waiwai o ka ʻike ʻana, nā pyramids monumental, a me nā ʻike i loaʻa mai kēia mau mea kahiko.
Ka Wahi Hānau o ka ʻAkeolokia
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAigupita ʻo ia ke kahua o ka ʻeli ʻana o kēia au. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻāina i ka wā kahiko, akā ʻo ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a Napoleon Bonaparte ma ʻAigupita i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 i hoʻāla i ka hoihoi ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻeli ʻana. Ua aʻo pono nā haumāna i hele pū me Napoleon a hoʻopaʻa i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo kahiko, e alakaʻi ana i ka paʻi ʻana o "Description de l'Égypte," ka mea i hoʻoulu i ka hoihoi o ʻEulopa me ka ʻEgypteology.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Rosetta Stone e Jean-François Champollion i ka makahiki 1822, ua hōʻailona ia i kahi neʻe seismic ʻē aʻe, e kau ana i ke kahua no ka Egyptology hou. ʻO ka Rosetta Stone, i kākau ʻia me kahi kauoha ma nā palapala ʻekolu—Helene, Demotic, a me hieroglyphic—ua wehe i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko, a pēlā e wehe ai i nā puka i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou nohona moʻomeheu.
ʻO nā Piramiti: Nā Kiʻekiʻe o ka Hoʻokō Kahiko
Ma waena o nā mea kupanaha he nui o ka ʻeli honua o ʻAigupita, ʻo nā pyramid ka mea kaulana loa. ʻO kēia mau hale kiaʻi, i kūkulu nui ʻia i ka wā o ke Aupuni Kahiko (circa 2686 - 2181 BCE), he mau hale kupapaʻu aliʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻoia i ka huakaʻi a ka Paraʻo i make i ke ola ma hope o ka make. ʻO kēlā me kēia pyramid he ʻāpana o kahi hale kupapaʻu nui aʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia nā luakini, nā pyramid kōkua, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Na Pūnaewele Na Ka Pūnaewele
ʻO nā Pyramids o Giza paha ka mea i kaulana loa o kēia mau hale kahiko. ʻO ka Pyramid Nui, i kūkulu ʻia no Paraʻo Khufu (Cheops), he mea kupanaha hoʻolālā hale i hopu i ka noʻonoʻo kanaka no nā tausani makahiki. A hiki i ke kenekulia 19, ʻo ia ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma ka honua.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana o kēia mau hale nui he ʻimi nui ia i ka ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻike honua. ʻOiai he nui nā kumumanaʻo, hōʻike ka manaʻo like o ka poʻe loea i kēia manawa he nui ka poʻe hana akamai, ʻaʻole nā kauā e like me ka mea i hoʻohiwahiwa pinepine ʻia, i kūkulu i nā pyramids. Kākoʻo nā ʻike hou o nā kauhale o nā limahana a me nā ʻoihana i kēia manaʻo, e hōʻike ana i kahi hana i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, kākoʻo ʻia e ka mokuʻāina me nā hoʻolako no ka mālama ʻana i nā limahana a me nā pono olakino.
ʻO ka Pyramid o Khafre a me ka Sphinx
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pyramid Nui ʻo ia ka Pyramid o Khafre, i maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻia e nā koena o kona mau pōhaku kumu ma ka piko. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia pyramid me ka Great Sphinx, he kiʻi pōhaku limestone nui me ke kino o ka liona a me ke poʻo o ka Paraʻo, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Khafre. ʻO ke kumu a me ka hōʻailona o ka Sphinx ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia he kiaʻi o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Giza.
ʻO ka Pyramid ʻanuʻu o Djoser
Ke hoʻi nei i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka Pyramid ʻanuʻu o Djoser ma Saqqara ma mua o nā Pyramids o Giza. Hoʻolālā ʻia e ka mea kākau hale ʻo Imhotep, hōʻike kēia hale i kahi manawa koʻikoʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā pyramid. I manaʻo mua ʻia he hale kupapaʻu mastaba kuʻuna, ua ulu kona hoʻolālā i loko o kahi hale ʻanuʻu, e kau ana i ke kahua no nā pyramid ʻaoʻao laumania i ukali ʻia.
Nā ʻIke ʻAnahonua Hou
ʻAʻole mamao loa ka ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻāina ʻAigupita mai kahi puke pani ʻia. Ke hoʻomau nei nā one o ʻAigupita i ka hāʻawi ʻana mai i nā ʻike hou e hoʻololi hou i ko mākou ʻike i ka moʻomeheu kahiko o ʻAigupita.
Ka Hale Kupapaʻu o Tutankhamun
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻike kupanaha loa o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo ia ka ʻeli ʻana o ka hale kupapaʻu o Tutankhamun i ka makahiki 1922 e Howard Carter. ʻAʻole e like me nā hale kupapaʻu ʻē aʻe, ua piha loa ia a ua piha i ka waihona waiwai o nā mea hana lima, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike waiwai nui i ka waiwai, ka hana noʻeau, a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o ka Mōʻī 18.
Ke Kulanakauhale Gula Nalowale o Luxor
I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻolaha nā mea kālaihonua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale he 3,000 makahiki kokoke iā Luxor, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Lost Golden City." ʻO kēia noho ʻana i mālama maikaʻi ʻia mai ka wā o ke au o Amenhotep III a hāʻawi i kahi ʻike kūikawā i ke ola kūlanakauhale ma ʻAigupita kahiko, e hōʻike ana i nā wahi noho a me nā wahi ʻoihana, me nā hale hana ipu lepo a me nā hale mālama.
ʻO ke awāwa o nā mōʻī a me nā mōʻīwahine
Ua loaʻa hou ka nānā ʻana i ke Awāwa o nā Mōʻī me ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hale kupapaʻu o ke Aupuni Hou. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hōʻike nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs e like me Ramses II lāua ʻo Seti I i nā kiʻi pena paʻakikī a me nā mea hana hoʻolewa, e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā hana kanu kahiko o ʻAigupita a me nā manaʻoʻiʻo e pili ana i ke ola ma hope o ka make. Pēlā nō, ua loaʻa i ke Awāwa o nā Mōʻīwahine, kahi i kanu ʻia ai nā wāhine a nā pharaohs, nā mea i loaʻa like me ka nui, me ka hale kupapaʻu o Queen Nefertari.
ʻEnehana ma ka ʻAkeolokia Hou
Ua hoʻololi nā holomua o ka ʻenehana i nā hana ʻeli honua, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i nā ʻano ʻimi ʻole komo ʻole e mālama i ka pono o nā wahi kahiko. ʻO nā ʻano hana e like me ka radar komo honua, ke kiʻi 3D, a me ka ʻike mamao ukali ua hiki i nā mea ʻeli honua ke ʻike i nā hale i kanu ʻia a me nā keʻena huna me ka ʻole o ka ʻeli nui ʻana.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka muon radiography, kahi ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i nā kukuna cosmic, i ka makahiki 2017 e ʻike i kahi hakahaka i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua i loko o ka Pyramid Nui o Giza. Ua hoʻāla kēia ʻike i ka pīhoihoi a me ke kuhi ʻana e pili ana i kona kumu, e hōʻike ana i nā mea pohihihi mau loa o nā pyramids.
Ka Mālama ʻana a me nā Pilikia
ʻOiai ua hopu nā waiwai o ʻAigupita kahiko i ka honua, ke kū nei hoʻi lākou i nā hoʻoweliweli he nui, me ka hao wale ʻana, ka hōʻino ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me ke kaomi o ka mākaʻikaʻi. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau wahi he pilikia nui ia. Ua hana nā luna o ʻAigupita, me ka laulima honua, i nā hana nui e pale aku i kēia mau waiwai mōʻaukala. ʻO nā papahana mālama, nā ʻeli ʻana i kāohi ʻia, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hale hōʻikeʻike he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻoilina archaeological o ʻAigupita.
ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Nui o ʻAigupita, i manaʻo ʻia e lilo i hale hōʻikeʻike ʻeli honua nui loa ma ka honua, he hōʻike ia no kēia mau hana. Aia ma kahi kokoke i nā Pyramids o Giza, manaʻo ia e hoʻolako i kahi home hou loa no ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā mea hana lima o ʻAigupita, e hāʻawi ana i nā pono mālama holomua a me kahi ʻike malihini kipa.
Panina
He kahua ikaika a loli mau ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kahiko ma ʻAigupita, e hoʻomau nei i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka waiwai a me ka paʻakikī o ka nohona kahiko o ʻAigupita. ʻO nā pyramids, nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe o kēia hoʻoilina, e kamaʻilio ana i ke akamai a me ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane o kā lākou mau mea hana. Ma o ka ʻeli pono ʻana a me ka ʻenehana holomua, hoʻohui kēlā me kēia ʻike i ko mākou ʻike like ʻana, e hoʻohui pū ana i ka mosaic nui o ka moʻolelo kahiko o ʻAigupita. I ko mākou ʻike hou ʻana e pili ana i kēia ʻāina kahiko, ʻaʻole mākou e loaʻa wale i nā ʻike mōʻaukala akā ʻo nā pilina hohonu hoʻi i ka hoʻoilina like o ke kanaka.
