ʻIke ʻAna ma Asia Hikina Hema a me nā ʻIke Koʻikoʻi
ʻO ʻAsia Hikina Hema, kahi ʻāina i ʻike ʻia no kona ʻano moʻomeheu like ʻole a me ka mōʻaukala waiwai, ua lōʻihi ka manawa i lilo ai i ipu hoʻoheheʻe o nā lāhui kanaka. Mai nā ʻāina laiki o Pilipine a hiki i nā hale luakini o Cambodia, nā ʻōnaehana muliwai nui o Thailand a hiki i nā wahi noho kahiko o Indonesia, ua lilo kēia ʻāina i wahi kikowaena no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea ʻeli honua e hōʻike ana i ka hohonu a me ka paʻakikī o ke akamai kanaka a me ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻAʻole wale nā mea ʻeli honua e hoʻomālamalama i ka wā i hala akā hāʻawi pū i nā ʻike i ke kumu o nā kaiāulu o kēia wā. Ke noiʻi nei kēia ʻatikala i kekahi o nā mea ʻeli honua koʻikoʻi ma ʻAsia Hikina Hema, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka hoʻomau mōʻaukala o ka ʻāina.
ʻO Ban Chiang - Moʻomeheu Kahiko o Thailand
ʻO Ban Chiang ma Thailand kekahi o nā wahi ʻeli honua koʻikoʻi loa ma Asia Hikina Hema. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Ban Chiang i nā makahiki 1960, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi noho mua koʻikoʻi loa ma ka ʻāina. Ua hōʻike ka wahi i nā hōʻike o kahi kaiāulu i hoʻomohala ʻia mai kahi o 3600 BCE a i 200 CE. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā ipu lepo akamai, nā mea hana, a me nā waiwai kupapaʻu e hōʻike ana i kahi kaiāulu i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ka nohona.
He mea koʻikoʻi loa nā ipu lepo mai Ban Chiang. ʻO kēia mau keramika, e hōʻike pinepine ana i nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī a me nā ʻano like ʻole, e hōʻike ana i nā mākau ʻenehana a me nā mākau noʻeau holomua. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hōʻike o ka mahi laiki a me nā holoholona i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e hōʻike ana i ke kumu mahiʻai o ke kaiāulu. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā kanu ʻana i hoʻokaʻawale hohonu ʻia e hāʻawi pū i ka ʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho kaiāulu, ke olakino, a me ka ʻai o ka poʻe i noho ma laila.
ʻO Angkor Wat a me ke aupuni Khmer
ʻO Angkor Wat ma Cambodia ke kū nei ma ke ʻano he hōʻike i ka hanohano o ke aupuni Khmer a me ka mākaukau ʻenekinia. ʻO ia ka hale hoʻomana nui loa ma ka honua, i kūkulu mua ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 12 ma ke ʻano he luakini Hindu i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no Vishnu ma mua o ka hoʻololi mālie ʻana i luakini Buddhist.
Ua hōʻike nui nā ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka ʻenehana kiʻi kiʻekiʻe e pili ana iā Angkor Wat a me kona kūlanakauhale a puni, ʻo Angkor Thom. He mea kupanaha loa ka nui o ka ʻenekinia hydraulic, me nā waihona wai nui (barays) a me kahi pūnaewele ākea o nā kahawai a me nā ʻauwaha. ʻAʻole wale kēia mau ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wai i kākoʻo i ka mahiʻai akā ua hōʻailona pū kekahi i ke kauoha cosmic i waenakonu o ka cosmology Khmer.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kūlanakauhale i hūnā ʻia ma mua e nā ana lewa hou e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), me nā alanui, nā luakini, a me nā wahi noho. Ua kākau hou kēia mau ʻike i ka ʻike ʻana o Angkor ʻaʻole wale he kūlanakauhale akā he metropolis nui me nā ʻoihana akamai.
ʻO Borobudur - Ka Luakini Hanohano o Java
ʻO Borobudur, aia ma Central Java, Indonesia, kekahi kahua hoʻoilina honua UNESCO a he ʻike koʻikoʻi o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kahiko. I kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia 9 i ke au o ka Sailendra Dynasty, ʻo Borobudur ka luakini Buddhist nui loa o ka honua, nona nā kahua ʻeiwa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kahi dome waena.
Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka luakini me kahi o 2,672 mau panela hoʻomaha a me 504 mau kiʻi Buddha. Hōʻike kēia mau kiʻi kālai ʻia i ke ola o ka Buddha a me nā ʻano aʻo like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i kahi palapala ʻike maka he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomana a me ke akamai. Ua ʻike pū ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana a puni ʻo Borobudur i kekahi mau luakini liʻiliʻi a me nā hale, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike i ka hana hoʻomana a me ke kūlana sociopolitical o ka ʻāina i kona wā i kūkulu ʻia ai.
ʻO ke kahua o nā ipu - Nā ipu pōhaku pohihihi o Laos
ʻO ke kahua o nā ipu hao ma Xieng Khouang, Laos, kekahi o nā ʻike ʻeli honua pohihihi loa o Asia Hikina Hema. Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe he mau tausani o nā ipu pōhaku nui, ʻo kekahi he mau tona ke kaumaha, mai ka Wā Hao (500 BCE a i 500 CE). He mea pohihihi ke kumu o kēia mau ipu, me nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana mai nā ipu hoʻolewa a hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka waina laiki.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi a me nā ʻeli ʻana i ka manaʻo e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke ʻano o kēia mau ipu. I kēia mau lā iho nei, ua hōʻike nā hōʻike e like me nā koena kanaka, nā mea kanu, a me nā mea hana pili i hoʻohana ʻia nā ipu i nā hana hale kupapaʻu. ʻO ka nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ipu e hōʻike ana i kahi kaiāulu paʻakikī me nā pūnaewele kālepa ākea.
ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Lenggong - ka waiwai o ka ʻeli ʻana o Malaysia
ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Lenggong ma Malaysia, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "Archaeological Gem of Malaysia," aia i loko o kahi moʻo o nā ana a me nā wahi ākea me nā koena prehistoric koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea i ʻike kaulana loa ma ʻaneʻi ʻo Perak Man, he iwi kanaka i mālama maikaʻi ʻia ma kahi o 11,000 mau makahiki i hala, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻike mua loa o kahi Homo sapiens ma Asia Hikina Hema.
ʻO nā mea nui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa, ʻo ia nā mea hana pōhaku, nā hōʻike o ka noho ʻana o kānaka mua, a me nā ʻano ola. Hāʻawi ke awāwa i kahi moʻolelo hoʻomau o ka noho ʻana o kānaka mai ka Paleolithic a i ka wā Neolithic, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike waiwai nui i nā hana kanaka prehistoric o ka ʻāina a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
Moʻomeheu Sa Huynh - Ka Loulou Kahakai
Ma Vietnam, ʻo ka moʻomeheu Sa Huynh, mai ka makahiki 1000 BCE a i ka 200 CE, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no kāna hāʻawi ʻana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pūnaewele kālepa prehistoric ma Asia Hikina Hema. Ua kaulana ka moʻomeheu no kāna mau ipu kanu nui a me nā waiwai kupapaʻu like ʻole, e komo pū ana me nā mea hoʻonani, nā mea kaua, a me nā keramika.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana he poʻe akamai i ka hana hao ka poʻe Sa Huynh a ua komo lākou i ke kālepa nui me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, me Kina a me India. Ua loaʻa nā mea hana lima e like me nā momi aniani a me ka agate, e hōʻike ana i kahi pūnaewele kālepa akamai a ākea. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ke kuleana o ka ʻāina ma ke ʻano he kikowaena kālepa moana kahiko.
Panina
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea huna ma Asia Hikina Hema i ka wehe ʻana i nā waiwai e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka mōʻaukala waiwai o ka ʻāina a me nā moʻomeheu like ʻole. Mai ka hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale holomua o Angkor a hiki i nā ipu pohihihi o Laos, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻike i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i ka nohona kanaka a me kāna mau ʻano like ʻole.
ʻAʻole wale kēia mau ʻike e hōʻike ana i ke akamai a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaiāulu kahiko akā e hōʻike pū ana hoʻi i ka pilina o nā moʻomeheu kanaka ma o ke kālepa, ka hoʻomana, a me ka hana hou. I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻano hana, ua mākaukau nā hana archaeological e hiki mai ana e wehe i nā mea huna hou aʻe o ka wā ma mua o Asia Hikina Hema, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e hoʻomau ʻia kēia moʻolelo hoihoi no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
