Physics

Labarin Wavefront Ray Hasken Haske

Ma'anar gaban raƙuman ruwa

Idan ka jefa dutse a cikin tafkin ruwa, raƙuman ruwa masu zagaye suna motsawa daga tsakiyar da'irar. A cikin raƙuman ruwa, akwai ramuka da magudanan ruwa. Ana iya cewa kololuwar raƙuman ruwa ko kwaruruka masu motsawa daga tsakiyar da'irar suna da gefen raƙuman ruwa.

Fuskokin raƙuman ruwa guda biyu da ke maƙwabtaka su ne sassa biyu na raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke da mataki ɗaya kuma an raba su da tsawon tsayi ɗaya. Kololuwar raƙuman ruwa ko kwaruruka masu tsawon tsayi ɗaya kuma an raba su da tsawon tsayi ɗaya ko fiye ana kiransu da gaban raƙuman ruwa. Baya ga raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman sauti ko raƙuman haske suma suna da gefen raƙuman ruwa. Sabanin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke motsawa kawai a cikin jirgin sama ko yanki, raƙuman sauti da raƙuman haske suna motsawa a sararin samaniya.

Karin bayani

Labari game da lissafin Poiseuilles

Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869) ne ya gano lissafin Poiseuille. Kamar yadda aka bayyana, ana iya ɗaukar kowane ruwa a matsayin ruwa mai kyau. Ruwan da ya dace ba shi da ɗanko. Idan muka ɗauka cewa ruwa mai kyau yana gudana a cikin bututu, kowane ɓangare na ruwan yana motsawa daidai gwargwado (v). Ba kamar ruwan da ya dace ba, ainihin ruwan da muke haɗuwa da shi a rayuwar yau da kullun yana da ɗanko. Domin yana da ɗanko, to lokacin da yake gudana a cikin bututu, misali, saurin kowane ɓangare na ruwan ya bambanta. Ruwan da ke tsakiya yana motsawa da sauri (zurfi v), akasin haka, ruwan da aka haɗa da bututun ba ya motsawa (v = 0). Don haka daga tsakiya zuwa gefen bututun, kowane ɓangare na ruwan yana motsawa a matakai daban-daban. Don sauƙaƙe fahimtar ku, ku lura da hoton da ke ƙasa.

Karin bayani

Ruwa, duka abubuwan ruwa da iskar gas iri daban-daban, suna da matakan danko daban-daban. Danko shine gogayya tsakanin kwayoyin da ke samar da ruwa. Don haka, kwayoyin suna samar da gogayya ta ruwa lokacin da ruwan ke gudana. A cikin ruwa, danko yana faruwa ne ta hanyar karfin hadewa (jawo karfi tsakanin kwayoyin halitta iri daya). Yayin da a cikin abubuwan iskar gas, danko yana faruwa ne ta hanyar karo tsakanin kwayoyin halitta.

Ruwan ruwa yana da sauƙin gudana, misali, ruwa. Akasin haka, ruwa mai kauri yana da wahalar gudana, misali, mai. Za ku iya tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar zuba ruwa da mai a kan wani wuri mai karkata. Ruwa yana gudana da sauri fiye da mai. Matsayin danko na ruwa kuma ya dogara da zafin jiki. Mafi girman zafin ruwan, ruwan yana raguwa da danko. Misali, lokacin da uwa ta soya kifi a kicin, man girki wanda da farko ya yi kauri ya zama ruwa idan aka dumama shi. Akasin haka, mafi girman zafin wani abu mai iskar gas, haka nan sinadarin iskar gas yake kauri.

Karin bayani

Ƙarfin Haɗin kai da Mannewa

Ƙarfin haɗin kai ƙarfin jan hankali ne tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin wani abu makamancin haka, yayin da ƙarfin jan hankali tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta na wani abu mara daidaito ake kira Ƙarfin Mannewa. Misali, muna zuba ruwa a cikin gilashi. Haɗin kai yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwayoyin ruwa ke jawo hankalin juna, yayin da mannewa ke faruwa lokacin da ƙwayoyin ruwa da ƙwayoyin gilashi ke jawo hankalin juna.

Karin bayani

Shin ka taɓa yin wasan kumfa na sabulu? Kumfa na sabulu. Abin dariya. Ana iya busawa. Bayan tashi, kumfa na sabulu ya fashe. Kai, abin sha'awa ne, wasan yara. Me yasa kumfa na sabulu yake zagaye?

Don Allah a tashi da safe, sannan a lura da ganyen da ke kewaye da gidan. A lura da digon raɓa da aka haɗa a kan ganyen. Abin mamaki ne; digon raɓa yana zagaye. Ta yaya zai kasance haka?

Tashin hankali a saman ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda saman ruwan yana da ƙarfi sosai har saman ya yi kama da siririn membrane. Wannan yana tasiri ne ta hanyar ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin ƙwayoyin ruwa. Don fahimtar wannan bayanin sosai, yi la'akari da misalin da ke gaba. Mun sake duba ruwan da ke cikin akwati.

Karin bayani

Labarin game da ƙa'idar Archimedes

Jirgin ruwa mai girman gaske ba ya nutsewa, yayin da dutse mai ƙaramin girma zai iya nutsewa. Me ya sa haka? Amsar ita ce a bayyane idan kun fahimci manufar buoyancy da ƙa'idar Archimedes.

A rayuwar yau da kullum, za mu ga cewa abubuwan da aka saka a cikin ruwa, kamar dutse, suna da ƙaramin nauyi fiye da lokacin da abubuwa ba sa cikin ruwan. Kuna iya samun wahalar ɗaga dutse daga ƙasa, amma dutsen ɗaya yana ɗagawa cikin sauƙi daga ƙasan ruwan teku. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarfin hawa. Hawan ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda bambancin matsin lamba a cikin ruwa a zurfin daban-daban. Matsin ruwa yana ƙaruwa da zurfi, kauri ruwan yana ƙaruwa, matsin lamba na ruwa yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da aka saka abu a cikin ruwan, za a sami bambanci a matsin lamba tsakanin ruwan da ke saman abin da ruwa a ƙasan abin. Ruwan da ke ƙasan abin yana da matsin lamba mafi girma fiye da ruwan da ke saman abin.

Karin bayani

Labari game da ƙa'idar Pascal

Yaya ake amfani da ƙa'idar aiki ta lif ɗin hydraulic don ɗaga mota? Menene ƙa'idar aiki ta birki na hydraulic idan ana amfani da shi don rage saurin motar? Da fatan za a koyi ƙa'idar Pascal don fahimtar wannan.

Kowace ruwa koyaushe tana yin matsin lamba ga duk abubuwan da suka taɓa ta. Ruwan da muka saka a cikin gilashin zai yi matsin lamba a kan bangon gilashin. Haka nan, idan muka yi wanka a wurin wanka ko ruwan teku, ruwan tafkin ko ruwan teku suma suna yin matsin lamba a jikinmu gaba ɗaya.

Karin bayani

Labari game da Matsi a cikin ruwa

A fannin kimiyyar lissafi, matsin lambar yana bayyana ƙarfi a matsayin yanki na kowane raka'a, inda alkiblar ƙarfin take daidai da yankin saman. A fannin lissafi, matsin lambar yana bayyana ta hanyar lissafi P = F / A, inda P = matsin lamba, F = ƙarfi da A = yankin saman. Raka'ar ƙarfi (F) ita ce Newton (N), raka'ar yanki ita ce mita murabba'i (m2 ⁾ . Saboda matsin lamba shine ƙarfin kowane yanki, raka'ar matsin lamba shine N/m2 ^. Wani suna na N/m2 ^shine Pascal (Pa). An yi amfani da Pascal a matsayin sashin matsin lamba don girmama Blaise Pascal.

Karin bayani

Labari game da Yawa da takamaiman nauyi

yawa

Wani muhimmin siffa na abu shine yawan yawa. Yawan yawa shine rabon nauyi da girma. An rubuta ta hanyar lissafi:

ρ = m / V

ρ (rho) harafi ne na Girkanci wanda aka saba amfani da shi don bayyana yawan abu, m shine taro kuma V shine girma. Yawan abu mai kama da ruwa ya bambanta da yawan abu mai kama da ruwa. Misali, ƙarfe yana da irin wannan yawan abu a kowane sashe. A cikin yanayin Duniya, mafi girman yanayi daga saman Duniya, ƙaramin yawan abu, yayin da ga ruwan teku, zurfin ruwan teku, yawansa ya fi yawa. Yawan abu mai kama da ruwa zai iya dogara ne akan abubuwan muhalli kamar zafin jiki da matsin lamba.

Karin bayani

Labarin game da Amfani da ƙa'idar Bernoullis da lissafin Bernoullis

Ka'idar Torricelli

Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin lissafin Bernoulli shine ƙididdige saurin fitowar ruwa daga ƙasan akwati (duba hoto).

Mun yi amfani da lissafin Bernoulli a maki na 1 (saman akwatin) da maki na 2 (saman ramin). Saboda diamita na ramin da ke ƙasan akwatin ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da diamita na akwatin, ana ɗaukar saurin ruwan da ke saman akwatin a matsayin sifili (v ₁ = 0). Fuskar akwatin da saman ramin a buɗe suke don matsin ya yi daidai da matsin yanayi (P ₁ = P ₂ ). Don haka, lissafin Bernoulli na wannan yanayin shine:

Karin bayani