Labari game da ƙa'idar Pascal
Yaya ake amfani da ƙa'idar aiki ta lif ɗin hydraulic don ɗaga mota? Menene ƙa'idar aiki ta birki na hydraulic idan ana amfani da shi don rage saurin motar? Da fatan za a koyi ƙa'idar Pascal don fahimtar wannan.
Kowace ruwa koyaushe tana yin matsin lamba ga duk abubuwan da suka taɓa ta. Ruwan da muka saka a cikin gilashin zai yi matsin lamba a kan bangon gilashin. Haka nan, idan muka yi wanka a wurin wanka ko ruwan teku, ruwan tafkin ko ruwan teku suma suna yin matsin lamba a jikinmu gaba ɗaya.
Jimillar matsin lamba na ruwa a wani zurfin, misali, matsin lambar ruwan teku a zurfin mita 200 shine adadin matsin lamba na yanayi da matsin lamba da aka auna a zurfin mita 200. Don haka, ban da matsin lambar ruwa.
Akwai kuma yanayin da ke danne saman ruwan teku.
Matsin yanayi yana aiki akan dukkan saman ruwa, kuma matsin yana rarrabawa zuwa dukkan sassan ruwan. Saboda haka, jimlar matsin lambar ruwan a wani zurfin ban da sakamakon matsin lambar ruwa a saman shi ma matsin lamba na yanayi yana shafar shi.
Domin ƙarin fahimtar wannan bayanin, bari mu sake duba ruwan da ke cikin akwati.
Matsin ruwan da ke ƙasan akwati, ba shakka, ya fi matsin ruwan da ke sama girma. Da zarar an rage shi, da ƙaruwar matsin ruwan, akasin haka, da kusanci saman akwatin, da ƙaramar matsin ruwan.
Adadin matsin lamba yana daidai da ρ gh (ρ = yawa, g = hanzarin nauyi da h = tsayi ko zurfi). A kowane wuri a zurfin iri ɗaya, adadin matsin lamba iri ɗaya ne. Wannan ya shafi dukkan ruwaye a cikin kowace akwati kuma ba ya dogara da siffar akwatin.
Idan muka ƙara matsin lamba daga waje, misali ta hanyar danna saman ruwan, ƙaruwar matsin lamba a cikin ruwan iri ɗaya ne ko'ina. Don haka idan aka ba da matsin lamba daga waje, kowane ɓangare na ruwan yana samun adadin matsin lamba iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, matsin lamba koyaushe iri ɗaya ne a kowane wuri a zurfin iri ɗaya. Wannan shine Ka'idar Pascal, wanda aka fara kuma aka sanya masa suna bisa ga sunan Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Pascal masanin falsafa ne kuma masanin kimiyya ɗan Faransa.
Ka'idar Pascal ta bayyana cewa matsin lambar da aka yi wa ruwa a wani wuri da aka rufe za a tura shi zuwa kowane ɓangare na ruwan da kuma bangon akwatin.
Amfani da Ka'idar Pascal
Bisa ga ƙa'idar Pascal, mutane sun ƙera kayan aiki da dama, masu sauƙi da kuma na zamani, don sauƙaƙa rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu sune lifts na Hydraulic, birki na Hydraulic, da sauransu.
Hydraulic Lift
Lif ɗin na'urar hydraulic ya ƙunshi jirgin ruwa mai saman biyu. A saman biyu, akwai piston, inda yankin saman piston a hagu ya fi ƙasa da yankin saman piston a dama. Yankin saman piston an daidaita shi da yankin saman jirgin. Ana cika tasoshin da ruwa, kamar man shafawa.
Idan aka danna piston mai ƙaramin yanki na saman, kowane ɓangare na ruwan ma an matse shi
An matse ƙasa. Adadin matsin lamba da piston mai ƙaramin fili ke bayarwa yana wucewa zuwa dukkan sassan ruwan. Sakamakon haka, ruwan yana matse piston da babban yanki har sai an tura piston sama. Yankin saman piston ɗin da aka matse ƙarami ne don haka ƙarfin da ake buƙata don danne ruwan shima ƙarami ne. Amma saboda ana ci gaba da matsi a kan dukkan sassan ruwan, ƙaramin ƙarfi yana canzawa lokacin da ruwan ya matse piston a dama tare da babban yanki na saman. Ba kasafai mutane ke samar da ƙarfin shiga akan piston mai babban yanki na saman ba saboda ba shi da riba? A saman piston ɗin da ke da babban yanki na saman yawanci ana sanya abubuwa ko abubuwan da ake son ɗagawa (misali, mota).
Kada ka yi mamaki idan mota mai girman gaske za ta iya ɗagawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar danna ɗaya daga cikin pistons ɗin. Faɗin saman piston ɗin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai har ƙarfin da muke bayarwa shi ma ƙarami ne. Duk da haka, ƙaramin ƙarfin shigarwar zai iya canzawa zuwa babban ƙarfin fitarwa idan yankin saman fitarwa ya yi girma.
Misalin matsala ta 1:
An sani:
A 1 = 100 cm 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2
F 1 = N 200
Ana so: F 2
Magani:
Misalin matsala ta 2:
An sani:
A 1 = 100 cm 2 = 100 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0.01 m 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2 = 250 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0.025 m 2
Nauyin kaya = 200 kg
Yawan mai (ρ) = 780 kg/ m3
Tsawon ginshiƙin mai (h) = 2 m
Saurin nauyi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Ana so:
Menene ƙaramin ƙarfin shigarwa (F) don nauyin ya kasance cikin daidaito (nauyin ba ya motsi)?
Magani:
