Koyarwar Asali ta Fizik

Labari game da dokar Coulomb

A cikin labarin game da cajin lantarki da nau'ikan cajin lantarki, an bayyana cewa kamar caji yana korar juna yayin da sabanin caji yana jan hankalin juna. A wata ma'anar, abubuwa masu caji mai kyau suna jan hankalin abubuwa masu caji mai kyau, abubuwa masu caji mai kyau suna korar abubuwa masu caji mai kyau, kuma abubuwa masu caji mai kyau suna korar abubuwa masu caji mai kyau. Wannan lamari yana nuna wanzuwar ƙarfin lantarki da ke aiki akan abubuwa masu caji mai kyau da abubuwa masu caji mai kyau. Waɗanne abubuwa ne ke tasiri ga ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin abubuwa masu caji mai ƙarfi?

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Labarin game da dokar kiyaye cajin wutar lantarki

Kowanne abu a sararin samaniya yana dauke da atom. Atoms sun kunshi protons, neutrons, da electrons. Proton yana dauke da positive electrical charge; electrons suna dauke da negative electrical charge, neutrons ba a hada su da electrical charge ba. A cikin atom din, akwai wasu electrons, protons, da neutrons. Idan adadin electrons yayi daidai da adadin protons, jimlar electrical charge akan atom din sifili ne. Atoms kamar wannan ba a hade su da electrical ba. Idan adadin electrons ya fi adadin protons, to atom din zai zama positive electrical charge. Idan adadin electrons din ya kasa da adadin protons, to atom din zai zama positive electrical charge.

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Labari game da Nau'ikan cajin wutar lantarki

Me yasa filastik ke korar filastik amma yana jan gilashi? Idan ka shafa filastik a kan busasshen gashi ka kuma kawo filastik ɗin zuwa ƙananan takardu, filastik ɗin yana jan takardar. Me yasa filastik kuma zai iya jan takarda wanda ba a shafa shi da wasu abubuwa ba? Za ku fahimta kuma za ku iya bayyana dalilan abubuwan da gilashin, filastik, takarda ko wasu abubuwa suka fuskanta kamar yadda aka yi bita a sama bayan kun yi nazarin batun cajin lantarki kuma ku fahimci bita a ƙasa.

Roba da aka shafa da gilashin jan gashi, an goge su da zane. Roba da gilashi suna da kyau, don haka roba da gilashi suna da wutar lantarki daban-daban . Idan abu yana korar filastik amma yana jan gilashi, yana da caji iri ɗaya da cajin gilashin. Akasin haka, idan abu yana korar gilashi amma yana jan filastik, yana da caji iri ɗaya da cajin filastik.

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Labari game da Cajin Wutar Lantarki a cikin ƙwayoyin zarra

Don Allah ku lura da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke kewaye da ku. Idan kun lalata wani abu, misali, dutse ne, dutsen zai raba zuwa ƙananan guntu. Idan aka sake lalata ɓangaren dutsen, guntuwar dutsen za ta koma ƙananan guntu. Me zai faru idan aka sake lalata dutsen? Hakika, dutsen ya fi ƙanƙanta. Shin za a iya lalata duwatsu zuwa ƙanƙanta zuwa ƙananan guntu marasa iyaka? Gaskiyar magana ita ce cewa abu da aka raba zuwa ƙanƙanta zai isa inda ba za a iya raba ƙaramin ɓangaren abu zuwa ƙanƙanta ba. Mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren abu da ba za a iya raba shi ba ana kiransa atom. Don haka, atoms sune mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren kowane abu a cikin sararin samaniya.

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Labari game da kyamarar kayan aiki ta gani

Sassan kyamara

Kyamarar mai sauƙi ta ƙunshi ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa, diaphragm, rufewa, da fim.

Gilashin Convex suna aiki don samar da ainihin hoton da aka juye a fim ɗin. Ba kamar gilashin ido ba wanda ke da tsawon mai da hankali wanda zai iya canzawa, gilashin kyamara yana da tsawon mai da hankali wanda ba zai iya canzawa ba. Gilashin kyamara gilashi ne mai da hankali, ba gilashi mai da hankali ba saboda hoton da gilashin concave ke samarwa koyaushe yana kama da na kama-da-wane. Madadin haka, hoton da gilashin convex ke samarwa yana kama da na gaske lokacin da nisan abu ya fi tsayin mai da hankali girma. Hoton gaske hoto ne da ke wanzuwa saboda ana iya rikodin wannan hoton akan fim. Akasin haka, hoton kama-da-wane hoto ne na ƙarya don haka ba za a iya rikodin hoton akan fim ba. Matsayin ainihin hoton da aka juye wanda gilashin convex ke samarwa ya yi daidai da matsayin fim ɗin.

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Labari game da Daidaito na na'urorin hangen nesa na ilmin taurari

Kusurwa tana ƙayyade girman hoton abin da aka samar a kan retina. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, nisan da abin ya yi daga ido, haka nan kusurwar ta yi ƙanƙanta, don haka girman hoton da aka samar a kan retina ya ƙanƙanta.

Na'urar hangen nesa mai sauƙi ta sararin samaniya tana da ruwan tabarau guda biyu masu lanƙwasa; kowannensu ana kiransa ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana da kuma ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana. Ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana yana da nisa mafi girma daga ido, yayin da ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana yana da nisa kusa da ido. Ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana yana aiki don kawo hoton kusa da ruwan tabarau na ido, don haka kusurwar ta zama babba. Ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana yana aiki don ƙara kusurwar ta yadda girman hoton da aka samar akan retina ya fi girma.

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Ma'anar na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya

Na'urorin hangen nesa na sararin samaniya ko kuma na hangen nesa na sararin samaniya su ne kayan aikin gani da ake amfani da su don taimakawa ido ya ga abubuwan sama kamar taurari, taurari, tauraron dan adam, da sauransu. Duk da cewa girman abubuwan sama yana da girma, nisan abubuwan sama yana da nisa sosai har idan aka duba su ta amfani da idanu, jikin sama suna kama da ƙanana. Na'urorin hangen nesa na sararin samaniya suna aiki don faɗaɗa hoton abubuwan sama ta yadda za a iya ganin su ta amfani da idanu.

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Labarin game da Daidaito na na'urorin microscopes

Kusurwa tana tantance girman hoton abin da aka samar a kan idon ido. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke gefe, ƙaramin girman abin, ƙaramin kusurwar kuma saboda haka ƙarancin girman hoton da aka samar a kan idon ido. Ƙaramin girman hoton da ke kan idon ido shine dalilin da yasa ido yake da wahalar ganin ƙananan abubuwa a sarari, duk da cewa ana kallon abubuwa daga wuri kusa, nisan santimita 25.

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Ma'anar na'urar hangen nesa

Na'urar hangen nesa (microscope) kayan aiki ne na gani da ake amfani da shi don taimakawa ido ya ga ƙananan abubuwa, inda ƙananan abubuwa ke da wahalar gani kai tsaye ta amfani da idanu ko loupe.

Akwai nau'ikan na'urorin hangen nesa guda biyu, wato na'urar hangen nesa mai haske da na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki. Wannan darasi ya tattauna na'urar hangen nesa mai haske, kuma yadda yake aiki game da batun na'urorin hangen nesa na geometry ya haɗa da haskaka haske, samuwar hotuna da kuma ƙara girman hotunan wani abu ta amfani da ruwan tabarau.

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Labari game da Daidaito na gilashin girma gilashi mai girma

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin jigon loupe (gilashin ƙara girma), abu yana bayyana ƙarami idan aka duba shi daga nesa mai nisa kuma yana da kyau idan aka duba shi a kusa. Bambancin girman abin da ido ya gani yana faruwa ne sakamakon bambancin kusurwar da ke tsakanin ido da abu. Lokacin da abu ya yi nisa sosai da ido, kusurwar da ke tsakanin ido da abu ya ƙanƙanta don haka hoton da aka samar a kan idon ido shi ma ya ƙanƙanta. Akasin haka, lokacin da abin yake kusa da ido, kusurwar da ke tsakanin ido da abu ya fi girma don haka hoton da aka samar a kan idon ido shi ma ya fi muhimmanci. Da zarar ya kusanci ido, kusurwar da ke tsakanin ido da abu ya fi girma, don haka hoton da ke samuwa a kan idon ido ma yana ƙara girma. Lura cewa matsakaicin idon ɗan adam yana da kusanci shine 25 cm don haka nisan da ke tsakanin ido da abu ba zai iya zama ƙasa da 25 cm ba. Za a iya kammala da cewa kusurwar da ke tsakanin idon mutum na yau da kullun da abu ya fi girma idan nisan da ke tsakanin ido da abu ya kai 25 cm.

Karin bayani