Amamodeli Okufunda Ngokubambisana Nezinzuzo Zawo
Esikhathini lapho isimo semfundo sishintsha ngokushesha, amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana avele njengendlela enamandla yokufundisa. Ngokungafani nezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko, ezivame ukuthembela ekumunceni ulwazi ngaphandle kokwenza lutho, ukufunda ngokubambisana kunika abafundi amandla okuzibandakanya ngenkuthalo nontanga yabo, okukhuthaza ulwazi lwemfundo oluguquguqukayo, olusebenzisanayo, noluphelele. Lesi sihloko sigxila ezinkingeni zamamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana futhi sichaza izinzuzo zawo eziningi.
Ukuqonda Amamodeli Okufunda Ngokubambisana
Ukufunda ngokubambisana kuyisu lokufundisa lapho abafundi besebenzisana khona ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukuqedela imisebenzi, noma ukuqonda imiqondo emisha. Lawa mamodeli asekela ifilosofi yemfundo eqaphela ukufunda njengenqubo yomphakathi ngokuyisisekelo. Ngokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabafundi, ukufunda ngokubambisana kukhuthaza ukwabelana ngemibono, ukucabanga okubucayi, kanye nokwakhiwa kolwazi ngokubambisana.
Amamodeli amaningana ahlukene awela ngaphansi kwesambulela sokufunda ngokubambisana:
1. Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni (PBL): Kulo modeli, abafundi basebenzisana ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, zangempela. Le ndlela igcizelela ukucabanga okujulile futhi isebenzisa ulwazi lwethiyori ezimweni ezisebenzayo.
2. Ukufunda Okusekelwe Eqenjini (TBL): I-TBL ihilela abafundi abasebenza emaqenjini ahleliwe ukuze baqedele izivivinyo eziklanywe ngabafundisi. Ihlanganisa ukuzibophezela komuntu ngamunye nemisebenzi esekelwe eqenjini ukuze kwandiswe imiphumela yokufunda.
3. Ukufunda ngeJigsaw: Le ndlela ihilela ukuhlukanisa isihloko sibe yizihloko ezincane, ilungu ngalinye leqembu libe “uchwepheshe” endaweni eyodwa. Ngemva kokufunda kahle izigaba zabo, abafundi baphinde bahlangane futhi bafundise ontanga yabo, baqinisekise ukuthi isihloko sihlanganiswa ngokuphelele.
4. Cabanga-Ngababili-Yabelana: Imodeli elula kodwa ephumelelayo lapho abafundi beqala ngokucabanga ngombuzo ngamunye, bese behlangana ukuze baxoxe ngemicabango yabo, bese ekugcineni babelane ngeziphetho zabo neqembu elikhulu. Le modeli isiza ukwenza kube lula ukuqonda okujulile ngokusebenzisa izingqimba ezilandelanayo zokuzindla kanye nenkulumo.
Izinzuzo Zokufunda Ngokubambisana
Amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana anikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezemfundo kuya ekukhuthazeni amakhono abalulekile okuphila. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile:
1. Amakhono Okucabanga Okujulile Nokuxazulula Izinkinga Athuthukisiwe
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufunda ngokubambisana ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga okujulile kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga. Lapho abafundi besebenza ndawonye, bavezwa emibonweni nasezindleleni ezahlukahlukene, ezingaphonsela inselelo izinkolelo zabo ezikhona futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlaziywa okujulile. Lokhu kucabanga okuhlangene kukhulisa indawo lapho izixazululo ezintsha zingavela khona, ekugcineni kuthuthukise ikhono lomfundi ngamunye lokucabanga ngokujulile nokuxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo.
2. Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kwezemfundo
Ucwaningo luhlala lubonisa ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela ekufundeni ngokubambisana bavame ukwenza kangcono ngokwezemfundo. Ngokusebenza ndawonye, abafundi bangabelana ngamandla abo futhi basekele ubuthakathaka bomunye nomunye, okuholela ekuqondeni okubanzi kakhulu kokuqukethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchaza imiqondo kontanga kungaqinisa ukuqonda komchazi, kuqinise ukuqonda kwabo ngendaba.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono Ezenhlalo Nokuxhumana
Ukufunda ngokubambisana ngokwemvelo kuhilela ukuxhumana, okudinga abafundi ukuba baxhumane ngokucacile, balalele ngenkuthalo, futhi baxoxisane ngendlela eyakhayo. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abalulekile okuxhumana nabantu, njengokusebenza njengeqembu, uzwela, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano. Lawa makhono awabalulekile nje kuphela ezimweni zemfundo kodwa nasezindaweni zomsebenzi nezomuntu siqu.
4. Ukuzibandakanya Okukhulisiwe kanye Nokugqugquzeleka
Ukusebenza ngokubambisana kungenza ukufunda kube mnandi futhi kujabulise abafundi. Isici senhlalo somsebenzi weqembu singakhulisa ugqozi, njengoba abafundi bevame ukukuthola kuzuzisa kakhulu ukusebenza nontanga yabo ukuze bafeze umgomo ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngokubambisana kungaphula isizungu sezinkulumo zendabuko, kwethule ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuguquguquka ekilasini.
5. Ukwakha Umuzwa Wokuba Semphakathini Nokuba Nobungane
Ukufunda ngokubambisana kukhuthaza umuzwa womphakathi ngaphakathi kwekilasi. Lapho abafundi besebenza ndawonye, bakha ukuxhumana futhi bakhe ubudlelwano, badale indawo yokufunda esekelanayo nebandakanya wonke umuntu. Lo muzwa wokuba yingxenye yabanye ungathuthukisa inhlalakahle yabafundi iyonke futhi uthuthukise ukuzethemba kwabo kanye nokuzethemba kwabo.
6. Ukulungiselela Izinselele Zangempela
Amakhono okubambisana athuthukiswe kulezi zindlela zokufunda angadluliselwa ngqo ezimweni zangempela. Emisebenzini eminingi, ukusebenza ngokubambisana kanye nokubambisana kubalulekile, okwenza ikhono lokusebenza kahle nabanye libe yikhono elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuzibandakanya ekufundeni ngokubambisana, abafundi balungele kangcono isimo sokubambisana sabasebenzi banamuhla.
7. Imibono Ehlukahlukene kanye Nokufunda Okubandakanyayo
Ukufunda ngokubambisana kuhlanganisa abafundi abavela ezizindeni ezahlukene, ngamunye eletha imibono yakhe eyingqayizivele kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe etafuleni. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthuthukisa inqubo yokufunda, kwandisa umbono wabafundi futhi kukhuthaze umbono womhlaba ohlanganisa wonke umuntu nozwela. Kuphinde kusize abafundi bafunde ukwazisa nokuhlonipha imibono ehlukene, kukhuthaze ikhono lamasiko kanye nokuzwela.
8. Ulwazi Lokufunda Olujabulisayo Noluhehayo
Abantu bayizidalwa zemvelo zenhlalo. Imisebenzi ehilela ukusebenzisana kontanga ivame ukuba mnandi futhi ivuseleleke kakhudlwana. Amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana asebenzisa lo mkhuba wemvelo, okwenza inqubo yokufunda ihehe kakhudlwana futhi ingakhathali. Ukuzijabulisa nokujabulela ukufunda kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa nokuqonda kwezinto zezemfundo.
Izinselelo Nokucatshangelwa
Nakuba amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana enikeza izinzuzo eziningi, awanayo izinselelo. Ukuqaliswa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nokusiza othisha. Izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi ukuhlanganyela okungalingani, lapho abanye abafundi bengase banqobe khona kuyilapho abanye bengase banikele kancane, kanye nezingxabano ezivela emibonweni ehlukene kanye nezindlela zomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo komsebenzi weqembu kungaba nzima, kudinga amasu abheka kokubili iminikelo yomuntu ngamunye kanye neyeqembu.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinselele, othisha bangabeka okulindelwe okucacile, banikeze iziqondiso ezihlelekile, futhi basebenzise amasu anjengokwabela izindima ezithile ngaphakathi kwamaqembu ukuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza okulinganayo. Ukuhlola njalo kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula kungasiza ekuxazululeni izingxabano kusenesikhathi futhi kugcinwe amandla eqembu amahle.
Isiphetho
Amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana amelela ushintsho olufana nolwemfundo, olusuka ekwamukeleni ulwazi ngaphandle kokwenza lutho luye ekufundeni okusebenzayo, okuhilelekile, nokusebenzisana. Ngokukhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukwandisa ukuzibandakanya, kanye nokulungiselela abafundi izinselele zomhlaba wangempela, ukufunda ngokubambisana kunikeza ulwazi oluphelele nolucebisayo lwemfundo.
Naphezu kwezinselele, izinzuzo zokufunda ngokubambisana ziyakhanga. Ngokudala indawo lapho abafundi bangafunda khona komunye nomunye, othisha bangahlakulela ikilasi eliphilayo, elibandakanya wonke umuntu, neliguquguqukayo, belungiselela abafundi hhayi nje kuphela impumelelo yezemfundo kodwa futhi nokufunda impilo yonke kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu neyobungcweti. Njengoba isimo semfundo siqhubeka nokuguquka, ukwamukela amamodeli okufunda ngokubambisana kuzobaluleka ekukhuliseni abantu abaphelele, abanekhono, nabanesihawu.
