Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi ku-Biomedicine
I-Pendahuluan
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha kuvule ithuba lokuthola izinto ezintsha eziphawulekayo ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni, ocwaningweni, kanye nasekuphathweni kwedatha yezempilo. Kulesi sikhathi esikhula ngedijithali, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi budlala indima ebalulekile, hhayi nje njengethuluzi, kodwa njengengxenye ebalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zezokwelapha ezisebenza kahle futhi eziphumelelayo.
Indima Yobuchwepheshe Bolwazi Ekuxilongweni Kwezokwelapha
Izithombe Zezokwelapha
Enye yezindlela ezivelele kakhulu zobuchwepheshe bolwazi kwezokwelapha nge-biomedicine isemkhakheni wezithombe zezokwelapha. Amasu anjenge-MRI, i-CT scans, kanye ne-PET scans asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bekhompyutha ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinekhwalithi ephezulu zomzimba womuntu. Isofthiwe yokuhlaziya izithombe ibe isichaza le datha, isiza odokotela ukuthi benze ukuxilongwa okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ama-algorithms Okuhlakanipha Okwenziwa (AI)
Indima yobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha ibaluleke kakhulu. Ama-algorithms e-AI angaqeqeshwa ukuqaphela amaphethini ezithombeni zezokwelapha ezingase zingatholakali yiso lomuntu. Isibonelo, i-AI ibonakale iphumelela ekutholeni umdlavuza webele kuma-mammogram ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ngokufanayo, ama-algorithms okufunda komshini angasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya idatha ye-genomic nokukhomba izinguquko ezingaba khona ezibangela izifo.
Imithi Eqondene Nawe
Imithi eyenzelwe wena iyindlela yezokwelapha ecabangela izici zomuntu ngamunye zesiguli, njengezakhi zofuzo, indawo ezungezile, nendlela yokuphila, ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kuye kwavumela intuthuko enkulu kule ndawo.
Idatha ye-Genomic
Ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo sekushesha futhi kushibhile ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Idatha ekhiqizwe kusukela ekulandeleni kwezakhi zofuzo inikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngesimo sofuzo somuntu siqu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene . Izinhlelo zokusebenza zedatha enkulu kanye nokuhlaziya zenza ososayensi bakwazi ukuphatha nokuhumusha lawa manani amakhulu edatha ukuze bathole ama-biomarker ezifo futhi bathuthukise izindlela zokwelapha ezenzelwe wena.
Uhlelo Lolwazi Lwezempilo Lwe-elekthronikhi (i-EHR)
I-EHR iyisizindalwazi se-elekthronikhi esigcina idatha yezokwelapha yesiguli ngendlela ehlelekile nefinyeleleka kalula. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ekuphatheni idatha yezempilo kodwa futhi buvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengemiphumela yelabhorethri, izithombe zezokwelapha, kanye namanothi kadokotela. Nge-EHR, odokotela bangenza izinqumo ezingcono ezisekelwe kudatha futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa okulungiselelwe kangcono izimo zeziguli.
Ucwaningo nentuthuko
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi budlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ucwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
Ukulingisa Ngekhompyutha
Ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, ukulingisa kwekhompyutha kusetshenziswa ukulingisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo nokubikezela izimpendulo ekungeneleleni okuhlukahlukene kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kulingisa kuvumela ososayensi ukwenza izivivinyo ezingase zibize kakhulu noma zingasebenzi ezweni langempela.
Idatha Enkulu kanye Nokuhlaziya
Idatha enkulu isibe "igolide elimnyama" elisha ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha. Idatha evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengerekhodi lezokwelapha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kanye nedatha ye-genomic, ingahlaziywa ukuthola ukuhlobana namaphethini anganikeza ukuqonda okusha ngezimbangela kanye nokuvimbela izifo . Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kusetshenziswe ukuhlonza izici ezibalulekile eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
I-Telemedicine kanye Nokufinyelela Kwezempilo
I-Telemedicine ishintshe indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokufinyelela kanye nokulethwa kwezempilo. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha manje sekungenziwa kude ngamapulatifomu edijithali.
Ukubonisana Ku-inthanethi
I-Telemedicine ivumela iziguli ukuthi zithole ukubonisana kwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuvakashela isikhungo sezempilo ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu labo abahlala ezindaweni ezikude noma abanokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Izinhlelo zezingcingo zevidiyo, ingxoxo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zinikeza indlela yokuxhumana phakathi kodokotela neziguli, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ukuqapha Okukude
Ngamadivayisi agqokwayo kanye nezinzwa, iziguli zingaqapha impilo yazo, futhi idatha ingathunyelwa ngqo kudokotela wazo ukuze ihlaziywe. Isibonelo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangagqoka izinzwa ze-glucose eziqapha amazinga kashukela egazini labo njalo futhi zithumele idatha kudokotela wazo. Lokhu kuvumela ukunakekelwa okusabelayo nokusebenzayo.
Ukuphepha Kwedatha Nobumfihlo
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kwi-biomedicine ukuphepha kwedatha kanye nobumfihlo. Imininingwane yezokwelapha ibucayi kakhulu futhi inemiphumela ebalulekile uma isetshenziswa kabi. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa imizamo eminingana ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwale datha.
Ukubethela Idatha
Ukubethela kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuvikela idatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Idatha yezokwelapha egciniwe futhi edluliselwe kumele ibethelwe ukuze labo abanokhiye wokubethela kuphela bakwazi ukuyifinyelela. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili kudatha ephumulile kanye nedatha eshukumayo.
Izinqubomgomo kanye neMithethonqubo
Amazwe amaningi amukele imithetho eqinile yokuvikela idatha yezempilo. E-US, isibonelo, uMthetho Wokuthwalwa Komshuwalense Wezempilo Nokuzibophezela (i-HIPAA) ubeka izindinganiso zokuvikela idatha yezokwelapha yesiguli. EYurophu, uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Ojwayelekile (i-GDPR) unikeza izinkombandlela eziqinile zendlela idatha yomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa nedatha yezokwelapha, okumele ivikelwe ngayo.
Izinselele Nekusasa
Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kwi-biomedicine kusaletha izinselele. Enye yalezi zinselele ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlelo namadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlukene nezinhlelo zolwazi lwezempilo azikwazi ukuxhumana kahle, okuvimbela ukugeleza kolwazi futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukwanda kokusebenzisana, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-AI kanye nokufunda komshini, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njenge-blockchain yokuphepha kwedatha kulindeleke ukuthi kubhekane nalezi zinselele futhi kuthathe ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi ku-biomedicine kuye ezingeni elilandelayo.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha kudale amathuba amaningi okuthuthukiswa kokuxilonga, imithi eyenzelwe wena, ucwaningo, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Nakuba kunezinselele okufanele zinqotshwe, izinzuzo ezingaba khona zalobu buchwepheshe zinkulu futhi zinamandla okuguqula indlela esiqonda futhi siphatha ngayo impilo. Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko, ikusasa le-biomedicine libonakala likhanya ngokwengeziwe, liletha ithemba lokunakekelwa kwempilo okungcono nokuphumelelayo kubo bonke.
