Ukuqonda Ukufiphala Kwenyanga Nelanga
Ebukhazikhazini obukhulu bendawo yonke yethu, izenzakalo eziningana zibamba umcabango womuntu onamandla njengokufiphala kwasezulwini. Zibe umthombo wokumangala, ugqozi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwesaba, kuwo wonke umlando wesintu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufiphala kwasezulwini, ukufiphala kwasenyangeni naselanga kuyagqama ngenxa yomthelela wazo obonakalayo ohlaba umxhwele kanye nomdwebo wendalo yonke ohilelekile. Ukuqonda lezi zenzakalo ezimangalisayo kudinga ukucwila endleleni yokunyakaza kwasezulwini kanye nokuxhumana koMhlaba wethu, iNyanga, neLanga.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokufiphala Kwelanga
Enhliziyweni yanoma yikuphi ukufiphala kwelanga kukhona abadlali abathathu: iLanga, uMhlaba, kanye neNyanga. Ukufiphala kwelanga empeleni kuyimidlalo yesithunzi, lapho umzimba othile wasezulwini uvimba khona ukukhanya kweLanga komunye. Uhlobo lokufiphala kwelanga luncike endaweni yalezi mizimba emithathu.
Ukuchazwa Kokufiphala Kwenyanga
Ukufiphala kwenyanga kwenzeka lapho uMhlaba ufika phakathi kweLanga neNyanga. Njengoba uMhlaba uhambisana neLanga neNyanga, isithunzi sawo siwela eNyangeni. Kuye ngokuhambisana, singabona izinhlobo ezahlukene zokufiphala kwenyanga: okuphelele, okungaphelele, kanye nokungaphelele.
– Ukufiphala Kwenyanga Okuphelele: Ngesikhathi sokufiphala kwenyanga okuphelele, iNyanga idlula ngqo e-umbra yoMhlaba, ingxenye ephakathi nemnyama kakhulu yesithunzi sayo. Lokhu kuphumela ekutheni iNyanga ithathe umbala obomvu, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi “iNyanga Yegazi.” Lo mbala obomvu ubangelwa ukusabalala kweRayleigh, into efanayo ebangela ukushona kwelanga okubomvu. Umkhathi woMhlaba uhlakaza amaza okukhanya amafushane futhi uvumela amaza okukhanya abomvu kakhulu ukuba adlule futhi afinyelele eNyangeni.
– Ukufiphala Kwenyanga Okungaphelele: Ekufiphaleni kwenyanga okungaphelele, ingxenye yeNyanga kuphela engena embusweni woMhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, ababukeli babona ingxenye yeNyanga ifiphalisiwe kuyilapho ingxenye esele isakhanyiswa yiLanga.
– Ukufiphala Kwenyanga Okuncane: Lolu hlobo olucashile lokufiphala kwenzeka lapho iNyanga idlula e-penumbra yoMhlaba, ingxenye engaphandle yomthunzi wayo. Ukufiphala kweNyanga kuncane futhi kungaba nzima ukukubona ngaphandle kokunaka ngokucophelela.
Ukufiphala kwenyanga kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi senyanga egcwele, lapho iLanga neNyanga zisezinhlangothini ezihlukene zoMhlaba. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi zibonakala noma kuphi ohlangothini lobusuku boMhlaba futhi ngokuvamile zihlala amahora ambalwa.
Ukuchazwa Kokufiphala Kwelanga
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufiphala kwelanga kwenzeka lapho iNyanga izibeka phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhanya kweLanga okunye noma konke ekufinyeleleni izingxenye zobuso boMhlaba. Ukufiphala kwelanga nakho kuza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene: okuphelele, okungaphelele, kanye nokwe-annular.
– Ukufiphala Kwelanga Okuphelele: Kulesi senzakalo esingavamile nesimangalisayo, iNyanga imboza iLanga ngokuphelele, ibeka isithunzi eMhlabeni futhi iphendule imini ibe ubumnyama obufana nobokuhwalala. Indlela yokuphelela, lapho ababukeli bengabona khona ukufiphala okuphelele, ivame ukuba ngamamayela ayi-100-200 ububanzi. Ngaphandle kwale ndlela, ababukeli bangabona ukufiphala okungaphelele.
– Ukufiphala Kwelanga Okungaphelele: Njengoba igama lisikisela, ekufiphaleni kwelanga okungaphelele, ingxenye yeLanga kuphela efihlwa yiNyanga. Lolu hlobo lokufiphala kwelanga luvame ukubonwa kunokufiphala okuphelele.
– Ukufiphala Kwelanga Okungajwayelekile: Ngokungafani nokufiphala okuphelele, ukufiphala kwelanga okwenzeka njalo kwenzeka lapho iNyanga ikude kakhulu noMhlaba ukuba ingamboza ngokuphelele iLanga. Lokhu kuphumela ekubukekeni “kwendandatho yomlilo”, lapho imiphetho yangaphandle yeLanga isabonakala nxazonke kweNyanga.
Ukufiphala kwelanga kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi senyanga entsha, lapho iNyanga ibekwe phakathi koMhlaba neLanga. Ngokungafani nokufiphala kwenyanga, ukufiphala kwelanga kubonakala ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu ngenxa yesithunzi esincane esivezwa yiNyanga eMhlabeni.
Umjikelezo weSaros
Ukufiphala kwelanga, kokubili okwenyanga nokwelanga, kulandela iphethini ebikezelwayo eyaziwa ngokuthi umjikelezo weSaros, ophindaphindayo cishe njalo eminyakeni eyi-18, izinsuku eziyi-11, namahora ayi-8. Ukuqonda lo mjikelezo kuqale emuva kuzazi zezinkanyezi zaseBhabhiloni lasendulo ezaziqaphela ukwenzeka kokufiphala kwelanga ngezikhathi ezithile. Umjikelezo uvela ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa komjikelezo wenyanga, umjikelezo welanga, kanye nokuqondana kwezidalwa ezintathu zasezulwini ezihilelekile.
Umjikelezo ngamunye we-Saros ukhiqiza uchungechunge lwe-eclipses, olubizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge lwe-Saros, oluvela cishe ezindaweni ezifanayo zomhlaba. Ukubikezelwa kwale mijikelezo kuye kwavumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zibikezele i-eclipses esikhathini eside esizayo.
Umthelela Wesiko Wokufiphala Kwelanga
Kuwo wonke umlando, ukufiphala kwelanga kube nencazelo ebalulekile yamasiko nenkolo. Imiphakathi yasendulo yayivame ukukuchaza njengezibonakaliso, kanti izinganekwane eziningi zokufiphala kwelanga zihlanganisa izihloko zesiphithiphithi, ukubhujiswa, kanye nokuzalwa kabusha. Isibonelo, amaShayina asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi ukufiphala kwelanga kwenzeka lapho udrako wasezulwini edla iLanga. Ngokufanayo, ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse, impisi iSkoll kuthiwa yayixosha futhi ibambe iLanga ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ekufiphaleni kwelanga.
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ukufiphala kwelanga sekuphenduke amathuba okuthola ulwazi lwesayensi. Isibonelo esidumile kakhulu ukufiphala kwelanga ngo-1919, lapho uSir Arthur Eddington aqinisekisa khona umbono ka-Einstein wokuhlobana okujwayelekile ngokubuka ukuphambuka kokukhanya kwezinkanyezi okuzungeze iLanga.
Ukubuka Ngokuphephile Ukufiphala Kwelanga
Nakuba ukufiphala kwenyanga kungabonwa ngokuphephile ngeso lenyama, ukufiphala kwelanga kudinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha. Ukubheka ngqo eLangeni, ngisho nangesikhathi sokufiphala kwelanga, kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni noma ubumpumputhe. Izibuko ezikhethekile zokubuka ilanga noma ababukeli bokufiphala kwelanga kubalulekile ekubukeni ngokuphephile ukufiphala kwelanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphrojektha ye-pinhole ingasetshenziswa ukupompa isithombe sokufiphala kwelanga endaweni eyisicaba.
Isiphetho
Ukufiphala kwenyanga nelanga kuyimicimbi ethakazelisayo ekhombisa ukusebenzisana okunamandla koMhlaba wethu, iNyanga, neLanga. Kunikeza ithuba lokuqonda indlela okusebenza ngayo uhlelo lwethu lwelanga futhi kuphefumulele kokubili ukwesaba kanye nophenyo lwesayensi kulo lonke umlando. Ngokuqonda ubunzima balezi zenzakalo zasezulwini, singayiqonda kangcono indawo yethu endaweni yonke futhi siqhubeke nokuhlola izimangaliso zendawo yonke.
Ekugcineni, ukufiphala kwelanga kusikhumbuza ngobukhulu nobuhle bendawo yonke, okusebenza njengezimpawu ezibalulekile zendawo yonke eziphawula ukudlula kwesikhathi kanye nomdanso oshintsha njalo wezidalwa zasezulwini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzithola ungaphansi komthunzi wokufiphala kwelanga okuphelele noma ubuka ukukhanya okubomvu okuthambile kokufiphala kwenyanga, zinike isikhashana ukuzindla ngamandla amangalisayo kanye nokunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi okwenza lezi zenzakalo zenzeke.
