Ubuchwepheshe Bomoya Opholile Oguquguqukayo
Ubuchwepheshe be-air conditioning (AC) buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka bubheke ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwamandla, induduzo, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Nakuba amayunithi e-AC ayaziwa ngokusebenza ngephethini "yokuvala ngokuphelele", okuholela ekushintsheni okubonakalayo kwezinga lokushisa, amayunithi amaningi esimanje manje ashintshela ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezibushelelezi neziguquguqukayo. Ingxenye ebalulekile efaka isandla kulokhu kusebenza kahle kanye nenduduzo ubuchwepheshe bamafeni anejubane eliguquguqukayo—amafeni anejubane elingashintshwa njengoba kudingeka. Lobu buchwepheshe abuyona nje isici esengeziwe, kodwa kunalokho buyingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo wesimanje we-AC, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kohlelo lonke.
Ayini Abalandeli Bejubane Eliguquguqukayo?
Amafeni anejubane eliguquguqukayo angamafeni asemayunithi e-AC angaphakathi noma angaphandle angasebenza ngesivinini esihlukahlukene (RPM), kunokuba nje "ahambe kancane" futhi "asheshe" njengabalandeli abavamile. Ijubane lamafeni lilawulwa yizifunda zikagesi nezinzwa, ngokuvamile nge-DC motor (i-DC motor/BLDC engenamabhulashi) noma i-AC motor elawulwa yi-inverter. Le ndlela ivumela ifeni ukuthi ilungise ukuhamba komoya kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa ngokuguquguqukayo, kuye ngezidingo zokupholisa zegumbi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ngokuphathelene ne-AC, kunezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko zabalandeli:
1. Ifeni yangaphakathi (ifeni yomshini wokufudumeza): umsebenzi wayo ukuhambisa umoya wegumbi nge-evaporator ukuze umoya ophumayo uphole futhi umswakama uncishiswe.
2. Ifeni yangaphandle (ifeni ye-condenser): isiza ukususa ukushisa kusuka ku-condenser kuya endaweni engaphandle, okugcina ingcindezi kanye nokushisa kwe-refrigerant kukuhle.
Bobabili bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besivinini esiguquguqukayo ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Kuhlelo Lwesimanje Lwe-AC
Kuma-air conditioner avamile, i-compressor ivame ukusebenza ngemodi yokuvula/ukuvala, okubangela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa. Kuma-air conditioner aguqulayo, i-compressor ingajikeleza ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo, ilungise umthamo wokupholisa. Amafeni esivinini esiguquguqukayo ahambisana nalomqondo: lapho umthwalo wokupholisa umncane, ifeni ayidingi ukujikeleza ngokushesha; lapho umthwalo ukhuphuka, ifeni ishesha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Uhlelo lokulawula i-AC luzofunda amapharamitha amaningana, njenge:
– izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nendawo ebekwe kuyo,
– izinga lokushisa le-evaporator kanye ne-condenser,
– ingcindezi yesiqandisi (emiklamo ethile),
– umswakama kanye nekhwalithi yomoya (kumamodeli athile),
- isivinini se-compressor.
Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, isilawuli sinquma inhlanganisela efanele yesivinini se-compressor kanye nesivinini se-fan ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elizinzile ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zabalandeli Bejubane Eliguquguqukayo
1. Ukonga Amandla Kwangempela
Amafeni ayimithwalo kagesi ebalulekile. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amafeni ngokuvamile kuphansi kunokwama-compressor, ukonga kusabalulekile ngoba amafeni asebenza isikhathi eside njengoba iyunithi isebenza. Ngokunciphisa i-RPM ngesikhathi semithwalo ephansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamafeni nakho kuyancipha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulawulwa komoya okufanele kusiza uhlelo lokuqandisa ukusebenza ezimweni ezifanele, kuvimbele i-compressor ekusebenzeni ngokweqile.
Umphumela: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuzinzile futhi okungenzeka kube kuphansi, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside njengasemakhaya, emahhovisi, noma ezindaweni zokuhweba.
2. Izinga Lokushisa Elizinzile Kakhulu, Induduzo Ehlala Njalo
Uma ifeni inezindlela ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela, izinguquko ekuhambeni komoya zingazwakala "ngokuzumayo": ukwanda noma ukwehla okungazelelwe kokugeleza komoya. Ngejubane eliguquguqukayo, lezi zinguquko zenzeka kahle kakhulu. Ukuhamba komoya okuzinzile kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa legumbi elihambisanayo, kunciphisa umuzwa "wokupholile, bese kuba ukushisa futhi" ovame ukubonwa ezinhlelweni ezindala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lungagcina ukupholisa kokukhanya okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuma ngokuphelele, okuholela enduduzo elinganiselayo.
3. Ukuthula
Isivinini esiphansi sefeni sisho umsindo ophansi. Ama-air conditioner amaningi anamuhla athembele kumafeni anesivinini esiguquguqukayo ukuze afinyelele izindlela "zokuthula" noma "zokulala" ngomsindo omncane. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi emakamelweni okulala, ezifundweni, ezitudiyo, noma kunoma yiliphi igumbi elidinga ukuthula.
Kumayunithi angaphandle, amafeni aguquguqukayo anganciphisa nomsindo wendawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuhlala ezixineneyo noma amafulethi lapho amayunithi esondelene khona.
4. Ukulawula Okungcono Komswakama
Ukupholisa igumbi akukhona nje ngokushisa, kodwa futhi nangomswakama. Ukuze kuncishiswe umswakama, umoya kumele udlule ku-evaporator, okuvumela umhwamuko wamanzi ukuthi ujiye. Ifeni enesivinini esilungisekayo ivumela i-air conditioner ukuthi ilinganisele ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokususa umswakama.
Kwezinye izimo, ifeni yangaphakathi ehamba kancane ingandisa ukususwa komswakama ngokuvumela umoya ukuthi uhlale uthintana ne-evaporator isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zesimanje zilawula lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zivimbele igumbi ukuthi lingazizwa libanda kakhulu.
5. Impilo Ende Yengxenye
Izinguquko zesivinini ezibushelelezi zinciphisa ukucindezeleka komshini ku-fan motor kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa elizinzile kanye nokulawula ingcindezi kusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi we-compressor. Ngenkathi isikhathi sokuphila kwengxenye sithonywa yizici eziningi (ikhwalithi yeyunithi, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa), abalandeli besivinini esiguquguqukayo banegalelo ekusebenzeni okubushelelezi futhi banciphise imithwalo yokushaqeka.
Ubuchwepheshe Bezimoto Nokulawula Obusetshenziswa Kaningi
Injini ye-BLDC (engenamabhulashi DC)
Ama-air conditioner amaningi anamuhla asebenzisa ama-motor e-BLDC kokubili kubalandeli bangaphakathi nangaphandle. Izinzuzo zawo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukulawula isivinini okunembile, kanye nomsindo ophansi. Lolu hlobo lwemoto lusebenzisa izifunda ze-elekthronikhi ukuze lushintshe, luthathe indawo yamabhulashi avame ukuguguleka ama-motor e-DC avamile.
Ukulawulwa kwe-Inverter kanye ne-PWM
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini kuvame ukufezwa kusetshenziswa amasu anjenge-PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) noma i-inverter control kuma-motor athile. Nge-PWM, amandla kagesi "anqunywa" ngokushesha ukuze ijubane lemoto lilungiswe kahle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla amakhulu ekushiseni.
Izinzwa kanye nama-Algorithm okulawula
Ukusebenza kwamafeni anejubane eliguquguqukayo kuncike ezinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zamanje, kanye ne-logic yokulawula. Amamodeli e-premium ngokuvamile anezindlela eziguquguqukayo, njengalezo ezicabangela ukushintsha amaphethini omthwalo wegumbi, imikhuba yokusebenzisa, noma ukuthola izimo zasebusuku.
Izinselele kanye nezinto okufanele uziqaphele
Naphezu kokuba nezinzuzo eziningi, lobu buchwepheshe buletha nemiphumela:
1. Izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme: Amayunithi anama-motor e-BLDC kanye nezilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu kunamayunithi e-AC ajwayelekile.
2. Ubunzima besevisi: Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimojuli ze-elekthronikhi, ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha kudinga ochwepheshe abanekhono kanye namathuluzi anele.
3. Ikhwalithi kagesi kanye nokufakwa: I-voltage engazinzile noma ukufakwa okubi kungathinta ukuthembeka kwemojuli yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesiqinisi (uma kudingeka) kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, umehluko wokuqala wezindleko ungancishiswa ukonga amandla isikhathi eside kanye nenduduzo, ikakhulukazi uma i-air conditioner isetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bamafeni anejubane eliguquguqukayo buyindlela entsha eyinhloko yokupholisa umoya yesimanje. Njengoba benekhono lokulungisa ijubane lamafeni ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ama-air conditioner angasebenza kahle kakhulu, athule, agcine izinga lokushisa lihlala linjalo, futhi alawule kangcono umswakama. Lobu buchwepheshe buphinde busekele ukusebenza okuphelele kwama-AC e-inverter, njengoba uhlelo lokupholisa luncike hhayi kuphela ku-compressor kodwa futhi nasekuhlanganiseni kwazo zonke izingxenye—kufaka phakathi amafeni angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Kubasebenzisi ababeka phambili induduzo yansuku zonke kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukukhetha i-air conditioner enabalandeli besivinini esiguquguqukayo kunengqondo. Phakathi kwezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo kanye nezidingo zokuphila okunethezekile, lobu buchwepheshe bubonisa indlela ukusungula izinto ezintsha ezingxenyeni zabalandeli okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ngayo kokuhlangenwe nakho komoya jikelele.
