Ubuchwepheshe Bokulawula Izinga Lokushisa Obuthuthukisiwe Ekupholiseni Umoya
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-air conditioner (AC) awasewona nje amadivayisi “apholisa igumbi.” Izidingo zomsebenzisi ziye zashintsha: zidinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa lizinzile, zigweme ukushaqeka okungazelelwe, zonge amandla, futhi zihlale zikhululekile ngisho noma isimo sezulu sishintsha kakhulu. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-Enhanced Temperature Regulation (ETR) bungena khona. Leli gama libhekisela kusethi yezici nezindlela zokulawula ezenzelwe ukugcina izinga lokushisa legumbi ngokunembile, ngokuzinzile, nangokusabela kangcono ezimweni zangempela—kokubili izimo zegumbi nokuziphatha komsebenzisi.
Kungani ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngokunemba kubalulekile?
Ngeziphephetha-moya ezivamile, inkinga evamile ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Isiphephetha-moya sipholisa igumbi lize lifike endaweni ethile (isibonelo, 24°C), bese i-compressor iyama. Ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngamadigri ambalwa, i-compressor iyaqala kabusha. Lokhu kujikeleza kokuvala kungaba nemiphumela eminingana: ukupholisa okungalingani, umuzwa onzima lapho i-compressor iqala ukusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungekuhle ngenxa yamandla okuqala aphezulu e-compressor.
Umthetho Wokushisa Othuthukisiwe uzama ukucindezela lokhu kuguquguquka ngokugcina izinga lokushisa liseduze nendawo ebekwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane kakhulu. Umphumela uba induduzo eyengeziwe—igumbi lizizwa “lifanele” isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezinguquko zokushisa.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile: izinzwa ezihlakaniphile nezinembile kakhulu
Isisekelo sokulawulwa okuhle kwezinga lokushisa idatha. Izinhlelo ze-ETR zivame ukuthembela ezinzwa zokushisa ezinembile kakhulu kanye nokubekwa kwezinzwa kanye namasu okufunda anengqondo kakhulu ezimweni zabantu.
1. Inzwa yokushisa yeyunithi yangaphakathi (yangaphakathi)
Le sensor ifunda izinga lokushisa lomoya odlula ku-evaporator. Kuma-AC avamile, lokhu kufundwa ngezinye izikhathi akubonisi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile legumbi ngenxa yokuthi inzwa iseduze neyunithi.
2. Inzwa yokushisa ku-thermostat ekude noma engenantambo
Amanye ama-air conditioner anamuhla abeka izinzwa ezengeziwe kusilawuli kude noma kwimojula ehlukile ukuze ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa kusondele endaweni yomsebenzi womsebenzisi. Lokhu kusiza i-air conditioner ukulungisa ukupholisa ngokusekelwe "endaweni yokunethezeka," kunokuba nje izinga lokushisa elizungeze iyunithi yangaphakathi.
3. Inzwa yomswakama kanye nenzwa yomthwalo wokushisa
Induduzo ayithonywa nje kuphela izinga lokushisa kodwa futhi ithonywa umswakama. Ngenzwa yomswakama, i-air conditioner ingasetha imigomo yayo yokusebenza ukuze igumbi lingapholi nje kuphela kodwa futhi lingazizwa limanzi futhi ligcwele. Okwamanje, ezinye izinhlelo zilinganisa umthwalo wokushisa ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zokushisa ezitholakele kanye namaphethini okusetshenziswa.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwedatha okungcono, i-ETR yenza izinqumo zokulawula ezingcono kakhulu okuholela emazingeni okushisa azinzile kakhudlwana.
Indima ye-inverter: ukuguqulwa kwe-compressor kokuqina kokushisa
Ubuchwepheshe be-inverter buyisihluthulelo sezinhlelo eziningi zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezithuthukisiwe. Ngokungafani nama-compressor angewona ama-inverter, avame ukusebenza ngokugcwele uma evuliwe, ama-compressor e-inverter angashintsha isivinini sawo sokujikeleza kanye nomthamo wokupholisa njengoba kudingeka.
Njengoba igumbi lisondela ekushiseni okuqondiwe, i-AC ye-inverter inciphisa kancane kancane umthamo—kunokuba ivale ngokuphelele i-compressor. Umthelela:
– Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuncane ngoba ukupholisa akupheli ngokuzumayo.
– Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzinzile futhi kusebenza kahle ngoba i-compressor ayitholi ukumisa okuvamile.
– Induduzo iyanda ngoba ukuqhuma komoya akubanga kubanda kakhulu ngokuzumayo.
Kodwa-ke, i-ETR ayifani ne-inverter yodwa. I-inverter iyi-"actuator" eguquguqukayo, kuyilapho i-ETR iyi-"brains and strategy" esebenzisa lokho kuguquguquka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elinembile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ama-algorithm okulawula: kusukela kuma-thermostat alula kuya ekulawuleni okuguquguqukayo
Ama-air conditioner endabuko avame ukusebenzisa ukulawula okulula kwe-thermostat (okufana ne-logic ye-if-then): uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kwe-setpoint + ukubekezelelana, i-compressor iyavula; uma ingaphansi, i-compressor iyavala. I-ETR ithuthukisa lokhu ngama-algorithms aguquguqukayo, isibonelo:
– Ukulawulwa kwe-PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative)
Le ndlela ivamile ezinhlelweni zokulawula zezimboni. Nge-PID, i-AC ayiphenduli nje kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa "lidlula umkhawulo," kodwa ilungisa iphutha ngokulinganayo, icabangela kokubili iphutha eliqongelelwe kanye nesilinganiso sokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lizinza ngokushesha ngaphandle "kokushelela ngokweqile" ngokweqile.
- Ukulawula ukubikezela okusekelwe kumaphethini
Uhlelo lungafunda ukuthi igumbi livame ukufudumala ngokushesha ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, ntambama libheke ilanga) noma lapho kunabantu abaningi. I-AC ibe isilungisa kusenesikhathi, ivimbele igumbi ekushiseni ngokweqile.
- Isinxephezelo somthwalo onamandla
Uma iminyango ivulwa njalo, ukupheka ekamelweni elilandelayo, noma kuvuliwe amadivayisi kagesi, umthwalo wokushisa uyashintsha. I-ETR izama ukuthola lezi zinguquko ezivela kumaphethini ezinzwa bese ilungisa i-compressor kanye nokukhipha kwefeni ngokufanele.
Ngama-algorithms athuthukile kakhulu, uhlelo alugcini nje “ngokuphishekela izinga lokushisa”, kodwa lugcina ngenkuthalo ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa.
Izilungiselelo zefeni kanye nokuhamba komoya ukuze uthole induduzo yokushisa
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Elithuthukisiwe akusho ukuthi igumbi kufanele ligcinwe lise-24°C ngaso sonke isikhathi; okufunwayo induduzo yokushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-ETR ihilela nokulungisa ifeni yangaphakathi kanye nesiqondiso sayo (ukujika), isibonelo:
– Kushelela ukuhamba komoya njengoba usondela endaweni ebekwe kuyo ukuze ungazizwa ubanda kakhulu esikhumbeni.
– Lungisa isivinini sefeni ukuze silingane ukusatshalaliswa komoya, unciphise “amabala abandayo” eduze kweyunithi kanye “namabala afudumele” emakhoneni egumbi.
– Imodi yokulala enokulawulwa kancane kancane lapho indawo ebekwe khona iphakanyiswa kancane ukuze kugwenywe ukuzizwa ubanda ebusuku, kuyilapho konga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Le nhlanganisela yokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nokulawula ukuhamba komoya yikho okwenza ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuzwakale “kungokwemvelo” kumsebenzisi.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezici ezihlakaniphile: i-IoT kanye nokuhlela okuhlakaniphile
Kuma-air conditioner anamuhla, i-ETR ivame ukuhlanganiswa nokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu akuyona nje indlela yokuvula i-AC kusuka kufoni yakho, kodwa kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngokuthi:
– Ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile: I-AC ilungisa izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuba abahlali babuyele emakhaya ukuze igumbi libe likhululekile ngesikhathi ngaphandle kokupholisa isikhathi eside kakhulu.
– Ukubeka i-geofencing (ongakukhetha): I-AC ingazivumelanisa nendawo yomsebenzisi (isibonelo, ukuqala ukuzinzisa izinga lokushisa lapho umsebenzisi esondela endlini).
– Ukuqapha amandla kanye nezincomo: uhlelo lokusebenza lungabonisa amaphethini okusetshenziswa futhi lunikeze iziphakamiso zezindawo ezikhululekile kodwa ezingabizi.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kuhluka phakathi kwemikhiqizo, umqondo uyafana: idatha kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kusiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa afanele ngamandla amancane.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokulawulwa Kokushisa Okuthuthukisiwe
Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe be-ETR bunikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibonakalayo:
1. Izinga lokushisa elizinzile: umehluko ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa mncane ngakho-ke induduzo iyanda.
2. Ukonga amandla kakhudlwana: ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa ne-inverter kanye nezilawuli ezinciphisa ukujikeleza kwe-on-off.
3. Ikhwalithi yokulala engcono: ngoba izinga lokushisa alishintshi kakhulu futhi umoya ungalungiswa ukuze uthambe.
4. Umswakama ulawulwa kakhulu: igumbi lizwakala lipholile, lingamanzi, futhi alivami kalula.
5. Ukuphila kwezingxenye kungaba isikhathi eside: ama-compressor angaqali futhi angami njalo ngokuvamile asebenza "kalula".
Izinselele nezinto okufanele uzinake
Naphezu kwesithembiso sayo, i-ETR isenemikhawulo. Ukunemba kwenzwa kungathinteka ngokubekwa kweyunithi yangaphakathi, ukugeleza komoya ekamelweni, usayizi wegumbi ongalingani namandla e-AC, kanye nokuvuza komoya okuvela eminyango/emafasiteleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okunembe kakhulu kudinga ukulinganiswa okuphelele kwefektri kanye nomklamo we-algorithm oyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi njengokushintsha njalo kwesivinini sabalandeli noma umsindo wokusebenza ophazamisayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze bathole izinzuzo eziphezulu, abasebenzisi kudingeka baqinisekise ukufakwa okufanele, umthamo we-AC ofanele (i-PK ne-BTU/h efanele), futhi benze ukulungiswa okuvamile njengokuhlanza isihlungi nokuhlola i-refrigerant.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bokuLawula Izinga Lokushisa Elithuthukisiwe ku-air conditioner buyindlela entsha kusukela "ekwenzeni kubande" kuya "ekugcineni induduzo eqhubekayo." Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezinembe kakhudlwana, i-compressor ye-inverter eguquliwe, ama-algorithms okulawula aguquguqukayo, kanye nezilungiselelo zokugeleza komoya ezingcono, i-ETR iyakwazi ukuzinzisa izinga lokushisa legumbi ngokunemba okukhulu nokusebenza kahle. Ekugcineni, lokho abasebenzisi abakuzwayo akukhona nje izinga lokushisa esikrinini, kodwa ikhwalithi yenduduzo: igumbi lizizwa lifanele, aliguquguquki kalula, futhi lihlala lisebenzisa amandla kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.
Uma ungathanda, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe yinguqulo yobuchwepheshe kakhulu (ngemigomo ye-PID, ama-setpoints e-hysteresis, kanye nezibonelo ezilula zokubala), noma inguqulo ethandwa kakhulu yamabhulogi okumaketha komkhiqizo we-AC.
