Ubuchwepheshe Beziqandisi Obungani Nemvelo Ekupholiseni Umoya
I-Pendahuluan
Njengoba isidingo somoya opholile sikhula, ubuchwepheshe be-refrigerant ezinhlelweni ze-air conditioner (AC) buyaqhubeka nokukhula. Selokhu kwatholakala ama-refrigerant, lo mkhakha ubone izinto ezintsha nezinguquko ezibalulekile, ezigxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa imvelo. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokubaluleka kobuchwepheshe be-refrigerant obungangcolisi imvelo, ukuthi buhlanganiswa kanjani ezinhlelweni ze-AC, kanye nokubikezela kwesikhathi esizayo.
Umlando Omfushane Weziqandisi
I-refrigerant iyinhlanganisela esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngokushintsha isigaba phakathi kwegesi noketshezi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-refrigerant ngendlela yesimanje kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngokutholakala kwama-Chlorofluorocarbons (ama-CFC), aziwa ngokuthi yi-R-12. Nakuba ama-CFC ayesebenza kahle ekupholiseni, ayenethonya elibi kakhulu ongqimbeni lwe-ozone. Ukutholakala kwama-freon aphephile njenge-Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (ama-HCFC) kanye nama-Hydrofluorocarbons (ama-HFC) kamuva kwaletha izinguquko ezinhle, kodwa ayesenomthelela omubi emvelweni, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokufudumala komhlaba.
Izinkinga Zemvelo Ngeziqandisi Ezivamile
Ama-refrigerant avamile angaphambilini, njenge-CFCs kanye ne-HCFCs, ane-Global Warming Potential ephezulu (GWP) kanye ne-Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). Lawa mapharamitha amabili ayizilinganiso zomthelela we-refrigerant ekufudumaleni komhlaba kanye nokuncipha kwe-ozone. Lesi simo siphoqelele ososayensi nonjiniyela ukuthi bafune izixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-HFC afana ne-R-134a kanye ne-R-410A kunciphisa i-ODP ibe yi-zero, i-GWP yabo isalokhu iphezulu. Umphumela wokushisa komoya wokukhishwa kwe-HFC ushukumisele umphakathi womhlaba wonke ukuthi ufune ezinye iziqandisi ezine-GWP ephansi kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo.
Ubuchwepheshe Beziqandisi Obungani Nemvelo
1. I-Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)
Ama-hydrofluoroolefins (ama-HFO) ayisigaba esisha sama-refrigerant angenayo i-ODP kanye ne-GWP ephansi kakhulu. Isibonelo esisodwa esidumile se-HFO yi-R-1234yf. Ama-HFO awagcini nje ngokuba nobungane nemvelo kodwa futhi anokusebenza kwe-thermodynamic okulingana noma okuphakeme kunokwe-refrigerant evamile.
2. I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
I-CO2, noma i-R-744, iyi-refrigerant yemvelo engenawo i-ODP kanye ne-GWP ephansi kakhulu. Nakuba i-CO2 ingeyona into yokuqala ekhethwayo ngenxa yezidingo zayo zokucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kokusebenza, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokucindezela kanye nezinto zokwakha yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni zokupholisa umoya, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo.
3. Ama-hydrocarbon (ama-HC)
Ama-hydrocarbon afana ne-propane (R-290) kanye ne-isobutane (R-600a) angamanye ama-refrigerant emvelo angenayo i-ODP kanye ne-GWP ephansi. Ama-HC asebenzisa kahle amandla kodwa anobunzima bokusha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe, yize ama-HC esetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi amancane okuqandisa njengeziqandisi.
4. I-Amoniya (NH3)
I-Amonia, noma i-R-717, iyi-refrigerant yemvelo engena-ODP futhi i-GWP ephansi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezinkulu nezentengiselwano. Nakuba izakhiwo zayo ezigqwalisayo nezinobuthi zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo emakhaya, i-NH3 isalokhu iyi-refrigerant ethandwayo yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Ukuqaliswa kanye Nezinselele Zobuchwepheshe Obusha
1. Ingqalasizinda kanye nobuchwepheshe
Ukuqaliswa kweziqandisi ezingangcolisi imvelo akugcini nje ekukhetheni izinto ezifanele; kudinga futhi ingqalasizinda kanye nokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe. Izinhlelo zomoya opholile ze-CO2, isibonelo, zidinga ama-compressor kanye nesitoreji esingamelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezintsha kanye namasu okukhiqiza athuthukile kubalulekile.
2. Imithethonqubo kanye nezindinganiso
Amazwe amaningi athuthukile asungule imithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kweziqandisi. I-Montreal Protocol kanye ne-Kigali Amendment ziyizibonelo zendlela umphakathi womhlaba wonke ozibophezele ngayo ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kweziqandisi ezine-ODP ephezulu kanye ne-GWP. Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi amukele imithetho efanayo, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kweziqandisi ezinobungani nemvelo.
3. Izindleko kanye Nezomnotho
Ama-refrigerant amasha avame ukubiza kakhulu kune-refrigerant evamile. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokonga okungenzeka kwesikhathi eside kwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kube okunengqondo kakhulu. Abakhiqizi babhekene nenselele yokushintshela kubuchwepheshe obusha ngaphandle kokwenza umkhiqizo wokugcina ubize kakhulu kubathengi.
Ikusasa Lobuchwepheshe Beziqandisi
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha, ikusasa lemboni yeziphephetha-moya libonakala liqhakazile. Ezinye izinto ezintsha ezilindelwe zifaka:
1. I-Bionic Refrigerant
Kusukela manje, ososayensi bahlola amathuba okusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo nezihambisana ne-bio njengeziqandisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa iziqandisi eziphefumulelwe yizinqubo zemvelo ezintweni eziphilayo ezinezakhiwo zokushisa eziphakeme futhi ezinobungani nemvelo.
2. Uhlelo Oluhlanganisiwe
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kakhulu kwama-refrigerant ahlukene, noma ngisho nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bemishini kanye nokushisa, kungaba yisisombululo sesikhathi esizayo. Lezi zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngenkathi zinciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezintsha
Izinto ezintsha ezimelana kakhulu nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu zizoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa. Lezi zinto kulindeleke ukuthi zingabizi futhi zithembeke, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kweziqandisi ezifana ne-CO2.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesistimu Yezinzwa Nokuqapha
Izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya zesikhathi esizayo zizohlanganiswa kakhulu nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bezinzwa kanye nokuqapha. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukugcinwa kokubikezela kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, kunciphisa amathuba okuvuza kwefriji okungalimaza imvelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-refrigerant obungangcolisi zemvelo ekupholiseni umoya kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekusaseni eliluhlaza nelihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokushintsha kusuka kuma-refrigerant aqeda ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi anegalelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba, asivikeli nje kuphela imvelo kodwa futhi siqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Nakuba kunezinselele maqondana nezindleko, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nemithethonqubo, ukuzibophezela komhlaba wonke ekunciphiseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusinika ithemba lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-refrigerant anongcolisi zemvelo kuzoba yindinganiso esikhathini esizayo. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nocwaningo kuzoqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yobuchwepheshe, kuvuleke indlela yezixazululo ze-air conditioning ezinempilo zeplanethi yethu.
