Ithonya Lomdwebo Wakudala Ebucikweni Besimanje: Umkhondo Ongasoze Wacinywa
Ukudweba, njengenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu zokuveza umbono emlandweni wempucuko yabantu, kudlule uhambo olude kanye noshintsho olungavamile kusukela endulo yasendulo kuya enkathini yesimanje. Ngisho nasekuthuthukisweni kobuciko besimanje, ngezinye izikhathi obubonakala bunamandla futhi bugcwele izinto ezintsha, imikhondo yokudweba yakudala iyaqhubeka nokukhombisa ithonya layo elibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi ukudweba kwakudala kuye kwathonya futhi kwabumba kanjani ubuciko besimanje ezicini ezahlukene, kusukela kubuchwepheshe nezindikimba kuya emibonweni yobuhle.
Amasu Nobuchwepheshe Bobuciko
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo semidwebo yakudala ukwenziwa kwayo kobuciko kanye nobuchwepheshe obunemininingwane. Abadwebi bakudala abanjengoLeonardo da Vinci, uCaravaggio, noRembrandt babonise ikhono elingavamile ekusebenziseni upende wamafutha, umbono, ukudlala kokukhanya nesithunzi, kanye nokwakheka komzimba womuntu.
Umsebenzi kaLeonardo da Vinci odumile kakhulu, i-"Mona Lisa," noma ukusetshenziswa kukaCaravaggio kwe-chiaroscuro ku-"Judith Beheading Holofernes," wabonisa impumelelo yobuchwepheshe engagcinanga nje ngokuphefumulela abadwebi besikhathi sabo kodwa futhi yabeka isisekelo esiqinile sezindlela zobuciko zesimanje. Abadwebi besimanje abanjengoSalvador Dali noPablo Picasso, ngenkathi beveza umsebenzi wabo ngendlela ekhangayo, basathola ugqozi emasu ayisisekelo athuthukiswe yilaba badwebi bendabuko.
Isihloko kanye Nendaba
Imidwebo yakudala ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezihloko zenkolo, zezinganekwane, kanye nezithombe. Isibonelo, uMichelangelo noRaphael badweba imidwebo emihle kakhulu eSistine Chapel enezihloko zeBhayibheli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abadwebi bezinganekwane abanjengoPeter Paul Rubens bathwebula idrama kanye nokuguquguquka konkulunkulu bamaGreki namaRoma emisebenzini yabo.
Ubuciko besimanje, nakuba buvame ukusuka ezindabeni ezingokoqobo kuphela, busahlola izingqikithi ezibanzi, okuhlanganisa nezingokomoya, ezingokoqobo, ngisho nezepolitiki. UMarc Chagall, ngemidwebo yakhe enemibala, wathatha izinto ezivela ezindabeni zeBhayibheli kanye nezinganekwane. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uJackson Pollock, naphezu kwesitayela sakhe esingaqondakali, wayevame ukungena ezindabeni zangaphakathi zokuqonda komuntu kanye nemizwa emsebenzini wakhe. Ngale ndlela, izingqikithi zakudala azilahleki ngokuphelele, kodwa ziyashintsha ngeso lesimanje.
Ukuvela Kwemibono Yobuhle
Ngesikhathi seRenaissance, Baroque, kanye neNeoclassical, ukudweba kwakudala kwahlola ngokujulile ukuqonda ukuvumelana, isilinganiso, kanye nokwakheka. Imisebenzi efana nekaLeonardo da Vinci ethi "The Last Supper" noma ethi "The Birth of Venus" kaSandro Botticelli ibonisa ibhalansi yobuhle eyayibhekwa njengefanele ngaleso sikhathi.
Njengoba sasingena kwezobuciko besimanje, umqondo walokho “okuhle” noma “okubukeka kahle” waqala ukushintsha kakhulu. Abadwebi besimanje abanjengoHenri Matisse, ngesitayela sakhe esinemibala seFauvism, kanye noWassily Kandinsky, ngezifinyezo zakhe zejometri, bakha ulimi olusha, olukhululekile noluqondakala kalula. Kodwa-ke, ukuhleleka kokwakheka kanye nokuvumelana okutholakala ekudwebeni kwakudala kwahlala kuyisisekelo somsebenzi wabo, kudonsela kubo ukuze bajule ngokujulile futhi bakhe izakhiwo ezintsha ezibonakalayo.
Ukwenziwa kanye nokuguquguquka ku-Modernism
Esinye sezibonelo eziningi zendlela ubuciko bakudala nobesimanje obuhlangana ngayo yinhlangano yamaCubist. UPablo Picasso noGeorges Braque, abasunguli balo mkhankaso, babevame ukuhlukanisa izihloko zabo zibe yizimo zejometri ezazivusa inkululeko yesakhiwo etholakala ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zakudala. Ukulungiswa, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesimo kwakuyizimpawu zobuCubism, kodwa futhi kwabonisa ukuqonda okujulile kwe-anatomy kanye nokwakheka kusukela enkathini yakudala.
Ubuciko Bangemva Kwesimanje: Ukuthola Kabusha Isiko
Njengoba bengena enkathini ye-postmodern, abaculi bavame ukudlala ngezinto zokuqala kanye nokuphindaphinda. Isikhathi esidlule asibhekwa njengento okufanele yenqatshwe ngokuphelele kodwa njengento okufanele ihlolwe kabusha futhi inikezwe umongo omusha. UJeff Koons, ngezithombe zakhe zenja ezikhazimulayo zebhaluni, kanye noTakashi Murakami, ovame ukuhlanganisa izici zesiko elidumile kanye nobuciko bendabuko baseJapan, babonisa indlela izinto zakudala ezingabunjwa ngayo ngezindlela zesimanje.
Ithonya Lesitayela Nobunjalo Ebucikweni Besimanje
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudweba kwakudala nakho kunikeza ifa lesitayela kanye nobunikazi. Isitayela sezithombe zekhulu le-17, njengoba sibonakala emisebenzini ka-Anthony van Dyck, sasimayelana nokubonisa amandla kanye nesimo. Lokhu kwaveza ulimi olubonakalayo olucebile ngezimpawu kanye nencazelo kamuva eyathonya indlela abaculi banamuhla ababebheka ngayo abantu ababaphethe.
Enkathini yobuciko besimanje, ubuwena kanye nokumelwa kuye kwaba yizihloko eziyinhloko. Ukuba khona komdwebo wakudala ngokungaqondile kunikeza amathuluzi nolimi okuvumela ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi ubuwena bungavezwa kanjani ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abaculi abanjengoKehinde Wiley, odweba abantu abamnyama ngesitayela sezithombe zasendulo zaseYurophu, ngamabomu basebenzisa i-ideosyncrasies yakudala ukuze bahlukanise izindaba ezivelele emlandweni wobuciko.
Imfundo kanye Nethonya Lezikhungo
Imfundo yobuciko kanye nethonya lezikhungo kudlale indima ebalulekile ekudluliseleni ithonya lobuciko bakudala enkathini yanamuhla. Ama-academy obuciko, ayefundisa amasu akudala, izakhiwo zomzimba, kanye nombono, anikeze isisekelo semfundiso kanye nesisebenzayo esisize abaculi banamuhla ukuqonda nokuguqula imiqondo eyisisekelo ibe imisebenzi emisha nemisha. Abaculi abaningi banamuhla, ngenkathi bezama ukugqashula imingcele yesiko, basakuthola kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okujulile ngamasu kanye nemibono eyazuzwa ezikhathini zangaphambili.
Ithonya lomdwebo wakudala kubuciko besimanje liwubufakazi bamandla efa lomlando namasiko ekwakheni ikusasa, hhayi nje njengesithunzi sesikhathi esidlule kodwa njengetshe lokunyathela lokudala indawo ebonakalayo eguqukayo futhi entsha njalo. Ukuqonda nokwazisa lokhu kuguquguquka kusinika umbono ocebile ngenkambo yomlando wobuciko, nokuthi isiko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kungahlangana kanjani ukuze kudalwe ukuvumelana ngaphakathi kokuhlukahluka kokubukwayo.
