Khopolo-taba ea Kholo ea Moruo
Kgolo ea moruo ke sesupo sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola tsoelo-pele ea naha. Poleloana ena e bolela keketseho ea bokhoni ba moruo ba naha ba ho hlahisa thepa le lits'ebeletso ka nako e itseng. E 'ngoe ea lipheo tsa mantlha tsa leano la moruo la naha ke ho fihlela kholo ea moruo e tsitsitseng le e kenyeletsang bohle. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka likhopolo-taba tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse ntlafalitsoeng ho utloisisa mekhoa ea kholo ea moruo.
1. Khopolo-taba ea Khale
Khopolo-taba ea khale ea kholo ea moruo e ile ea hlahisoa pele ke litsebi tsa moruo tse kang Adam Smith, David Ricardo le Thomas Malthus. Adam Smith, bukeng ea hae ea "The Wealth of Nations" (1776), o ile a pheha khang ea hore kholo ea moruo e susumetsoa ke karohano ea basebetsi le ho bokella chelete. Smith o ne a lumela hore ha basebetsi ba ntse ba e-ba le tsebo e eketsehileng mesebetsing e itseng, tlhahiso e tla eketseha, e leng se susumetsang kholo ea moruo.
David Ricardo o ntlafalitse khopolo-taba ena ka ho ntshetsa pele khopolo-taba ea menyetla ea ho bapisa le kabo ea chelete e kenang. O hatelletse bohlokoa ba ho bokella chelete le theknoloji kholong ea moruo. Ho sa le joalo, Thomas Malthus o ne a e-na le pono e se nang tšepo haholoanyane, a pheha khang ea hore kholo e potlakileng ea baahi e tla lebisa ho feteletseng ha baahi le khatello ea mehloli.
2. Khopolo-taba ea Neo-Classical
Khopolo-taba ea kholo ea moruo ea neoclassical e hahela holim'a metheo ea khopolo-taba ea khale. E 'ngoe ea mehlala e tsebahalang haholo sehlopheng sena ke mohlala oa kholo oa Solow-Swan, o qapiloeng ke Robert Solow le Trevor Swan ka 1956. Mohlala ona o totobatsa karolo ea pokello ea chelete, basebetsi le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji kholong ea moruo.
Mohlaleng oa Solow, kholo ea moruo e itšetlehile ka keketseho ea tlhahiso ea likarolo. Leha ho le joalo, Solow e boetse e hlahisitse mohopolo oa "boemo bo tsitsitseng," moo moruo o fihlelang tekano 'me kholo ea moruo e fokotseha ha melemo e eketsehileng ea pokello ea chelete e fokotseha. Moelelong ona, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e nkoa e le ntlha ea bohlokoa e susumetsang kholo ea moruo ea nako e telele.
3. Khopolo-taba ea Kholo ea Endogenous
Khopolo-taba ea kholo ea tlhaho e hlahile ho arabela mefokolo ea mohlala oa neoclassical, haholo-holo ho hlaloseng mehloli ea tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le kamoo e kenyang letsoho kholong ea moruo. Paul Romer le Robert Lucas e ne e le batho ba bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea khopolo-taba ena lilemong tsa bo-1980.
Khopolo-taba ea kholo ea tlhaho e hatisa hore matsete ho batho, boqapi le tsebo ke sesosa se seholo sa kholo ea moruo. Mohlaleng ona, theknoloji ha se ntho e tsoang kantle, empa ke sehlahisoa sa mesebetsi ea moruo joalo ka lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele. Ka hona, maano a mmuso a tšehetsang matsete thutong le boqapi a ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo kholong ea moruo.
4. Khopolo-taba ea Kholo ea Schumpeterian
Joseph Schumpeter, setsebi sa moruo se tummeng sa mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, o fane ka pono e fapaneng ea kholo ea moruo. Schumpeter o hatelitse karolo ea bo-rakhoebo le "tšenyo e iqapetsoeng" ho khanneng boqapi le phetoho ea moruo. O ile a pheha khang ea hore ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho nkela theknoloji ea khale sebaka ka e mecha, e leng se eketsang bokhoni le tlhahiso.
Schumpeter o ne a lumela hore boipuso ba nakoana bo hlahisoang ke boqapi bo ka hlohlelletsa matsete a eketsehileng le liphetoho sebopehong sa indasteri. Leha tšusumetso ea Schumpeter e amana haufi-ufi le khopolo-taba ea kholo ea tlhaho, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ha hae karolong ea boqapi le bo-rakhoebo ho entse menehelo ea bohlokoa ho utloisiseng matla a kholo ea moruo.
5. Khopolo-taba e Ncha ea Kholo
Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, ho hlahile likhopolo-taba tse ncha tse lekang ho kopanya likarolo tsa likhopolo-taba tse fapaneng tsa pele ka ho kenyelletsa lintlha tse ncha tse kang khoebo ea machaba, tikoloho le kabo ea chelete. Mohlala o mong ke khopolo-taba ea kholo ea tikoloho, e totobatsang mefokolo ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo tlhahlobong ea kholo ea moruo.
Likhopolo-taba tse ling, tse kang kholo e kenyeletsang bohle, li shebane le kabo e lekanang ea chelete e kenang le menyetla ea moruo. Mehleng ena ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše, lintlha tse kang phihlello ea 'maraka oa machaba le kopanyo ea moruo le tsona ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa kholo ea moruo.
Litlamorao tsa Leano
Kutloisiso e batsi ea khopolo-taba ea kholo ea moruo e na le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa leano la sechaba. Mebuso e ka nka mehato ea ho theha tikoloho e loketseng kholo, joalo ka ho tsetela meralong ea motheo, phetoho ea thuto, ho khothaletsa maano a lekhetho, le ho netefatsa hore melemo ea kholo ea moruo e arolelanoa haholo sechabeng sohle.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mathata a kang ho se lekane, ho senyeha ha tikoloho le ho itšetleha ka mahlale a itseng a hloka ho rarolloa ho fihlella kgolo e tsitsitseng. Ka ho sebetsana le ditshitiso tsena, dinaha di ka fihlella maemo a hodimo le a lekanang a kgolo ya moruo.
Qetello
Kholo ea moruo ke ketsahalo e rarahaneng e susumetsoang ke mabaka a fapaneng a ka hare le a kantle. Likhopolo-taba tsa kholo ea moruo, tse 'nileng tsa ntlafala ho theosa le makholo a lilemo, li fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le hore na moruo o sebetsa le ho fetoha joang ha nako e ntse e ea.
Ha re phethela, ho bohlokoa hore baetsi ba melao, litsebi tsa thuto le litsebi ba tsoele pele ho nts'etsapele le ho fetola likhopolo tsena ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsa moruo tsa hona joale. Kahoo, melao e thehiloeng kutloisisong e nepahetseng ea khopolo-taba ea kholo ea moruo e ka thusa ho fihlela lipheo tsa nts'etsopele e pharaletseng le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane nakong e tlang.
