Pendahuluan
Sekhahla sa motlakase ke mefuta eohle ea mahlaseli a motlakase. Mahlaseli a motlakase ke matla a hlahisoang le ho monngoa ke likaroloana tse chajileng, tse bontšang boitšoaro bo kang ba maqhubu ha li ntse li tsamaea sebakeng. Sekhahla sena se akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea maqhubu, ho tloha maqhubung a seea-le-moea a bolelele ba maqhubu a malelele haholo ho isa mahlaseling a gamma a bolelele ba maqhubu a makhutšoane haholo. Ho utloisisa sekhahla sa motlakase ho bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le theknoloji ea sejoale-joale.
Mefuta ea Mahlaseli ho Electromagnetic Spectrum
Sekhahla sa motlakase se arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa ho latela bolelele ba leqhubu le maqhubu. Sehlopha ka seng se na le litšobotsi le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
- Maqhubu a seea-le-moeaMaqhubu a seea-le-moea a na le maqhubu a malelele ka ho fetisisa ho spectrum ea motlakase, ho tloha ho lisenthimithara tse 'maloa ho isa ho lik'hilomithara tse' maloa. Maqhubu ana a sebelisoa puisanong ea waelese joalo ka seea-le-moea, thelevishene le lifono tsa mohala. Maqhubu a seea-le-moea a boetse a sebelisoa theknolojing ea radar le ea ho tsamaea.
- Maqhubu a microwaveMaqhubu a microwave a na le maqhubu a makhutšoane ho feta maqhubu a seea-le-moea, hangata a pakeng tsa milimithara e le 1 le mithara e le 1. A sebelisoa ho futhumatsa lijo (joalo ka liontong tsa microwave), hammoho le puisanong ea waelese le radar. Maqhubu a microwave a boetse a sebelisoa theknolojing ea sathelaete le Wi-Fi.
- Maqhubu a InfraredMaqhubu a infrared a na le maqhubu a pakeng tsa li-nanometer tse 700 le milimithara e le 'ngoe. Maqhubu ana ha a bonahale mahlong a motho empa a ka utluoa e le mocheso. Infrared e sebelisoa li-remote controls, lik'hamera tsa mocheso, le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa bongaka.
- Leseli le BonahalangLeseli le bonahalang ke karolo ea sekala sa motlakase se bonahalang mahlong a motho, ka maqhubu a bolelele ba limithara tse 400 ho isa ho tse 700. Leseli lena le na le mefuta e fapaneng ea mebala e tlohang ho e khubelu ho isa ho e pherese. Leseli le bonahalang ke lona le tsebahalang haholo ho batho hobane ke leseli leo re le bonang letsatsi le letsatsi.
- Mahlaseli (UV)Mahlasedi a ultraviolet a na le bolelele ba leqhubu bo bokgutshwane ho feta lesedi le bonahalang, pakeng tsa di-nanometer tse 10 le di-nanometer tse 400. Mahlasedi a UV a ka baka ho tjheswa ke letsatsi mme a eketsa kotsi ya kankere ya letlalo, empa hape a bohlokwa bakeng sa tlhahiso ya mmele ya vithamine D. Mahlasedi a UV a sebediswa dikopong tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletswa le ho sterilization le ho lemoha forensic.
- X-rayMahlasedi a X a na le bolelele ba maqhubu a pakeng tsa di-nanometer tse 0,01 le tse 10 mme a ka phunyeletsa dinthong tse ngata tseo lesedi le bonahalang le ke keng la di kgona, ho kenyeletswa le dinama tsa motho. Mahlasedi a X a bohlokwa bongaka bakeng sa ditshwantsho tsa tlhahlobo, tse kang radiography le CT scans.
- Mahlaseli a gammaMahlasedi a gamma a na le maqhubu a makgutshwane ka ho fetisisa ho spectrum ya motlakase, a ka tlase ho 0,01 nanometers. A hlahiswa ke nuclei ya athomo dikarabelong tsa nyutlelie mme a ka phunyeletsa hoo e ka bang ntho efe kapa efe. Mahlasedi a gamma a sebediswa kalafong ya kankere, ho hlwekisa disebediswa tsa bongaka, le dipatlisisong tsa saense.
Litšebeliso le Litlamorao tsa Spectrum ea Electromagnetic
Sekhahla sa motlakase se na le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le theknoloji. Mehlala e meng ea bohlokoa ke ena:
- PuisanoMaqhubu a seea-le-moea le li-microwave ke motheo oa puisano ea sejoale-joale. Li sebelisoa likhasong tsa seea-le-moea le thelevishene, lifonong tsa selefouno le lipuisanong tsa sathelaete. Ntle le maqhubu ana, lefats'e la sejoale-joale le hokahaneng le ne le ke ke la khoneha.
- BongakaMahlasedi a motlakase a na le dikopo tse ngata lefapheng la bongaka. Di-X-ray di sebediswa bakeng sa ho etsa ditshwantsho tsa tlhahlobo, ha mahlaseli a gamma a sebediswa kalafong ya mahlaseli ho phekola kankere. Maqhubu a infrared a sebediswa ho thermography ya bongaka ho lemoha mocheso o sa tlwaelehang wa mmele.
- IndasteriMaqhubu a microwave a sebediswa ho futhumatseng le ho omisa diindastering, hammoho le diontong tsa microwave tsa malapeng. Lesedi la ultraviolet le sebediswa bakeng sa ho hlwekisa metsi le disebediswa tsa bongaka. Lesedi le bonahalang le sebediswa dibakeng tse fapaneng tsa mabone le dipontsho tse bonahalang.
- KeamananMahlasedi a X-ray le a gamma a sebediswa ho hlahloba tshireletso boemafofaneng le dibakeng tse ding tsa setjhaba ho lemoha dintho tse patilweng. Maqhubu a dimaekroweishene a sebediswa radar ho lemoha le ho latela dintho.
- Bolepi ba linaleliLiteko tsa linaleli li sebelisa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sekala sa motlakase ho ithuta bokahohle. Litheleskoupo tsa radio li bona maqhubu a radio ho tsoa sepakapakeng, ha litheleskoupo tsa X-ray le gamma-ray li bona lintho tse matla haholo tse kang masoba a matšo le linaleli tsa neutron.
Liphephetso le Likotsi Tse ka Bang Teng
Leha spectrum ea motlakase e fana ka melemo e mengata, e boetse e hlahisa liphephetso le likotsi tse ka bang teng tse hlokang tlhokomelo. Ho pepesehela mefuta e meng ea mahlaseli a motlakase ho ka ba kotsi bophelong ba batho. Mohlala, mahlaseli a UV a ka baka kankere ea letlalo, 'me ho pepesehela mahlaseli a X le mahlaseli a gamma ho ka senya lisele tsa' mele.
Ho phaella moo, tshitiso ya motlakase (EMI) e ka ama tshebetso ya disebediswa tsa elektroniki. EMI e etsahala ha maqhubu a motlakase a tswang sesebedisweng se seng a sitisa tshebetso ya se seng. Sena e ka ba bothata bo boholo diindastering tsa difofane, tsa puisano le tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo, moo tshitiso e ka bakang ho hloleha ha tsamaiso haholo.
Qetello
Sekhahla sa motlakase ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mahlale a mangata ao re a sebelisang letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho tloha maqhubung a seea-le-moea a nolofalletsang puisano e se nang mohala ho ea ho mahlaseli a X a sebelisoang litšoantšong tsa bongaka, mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlaseli a motlakase e na le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa masimong a fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa hape ho utloisisa le ho laola likotsi tse ka bang teng tse amanang le ho pepesehela mahlaseli a motlakase. Ka tsebo e betere le kutloisiso ea sekhahla sa motlakase, re ka sebelisa melemo ea sona ha re ntse re fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le sona.
