Li-grating tsa diffraction - mathata le litharollo
1. Sekoti se nang le masoba a 4000 ka sentimetara se bonesoa ka leseli le le leng 'me se hlahisa mola o khanyang oa tatellano ea bobeli ka sekhutlo sa 30°. Bolelele ba lebone le sebelisitsoeng ke bofe? (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
Tse tsejoang:
Sebaka se pakeng tsa likoti (d) = 1 / (likoti tse 4000 / cm) = 0.00025 cm = 2.5 x 10 -4 cm = 2.5 x 10 -6 limithara
Tatelano (n) = 2
Sebe sa 30 o = 0.5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Ho batloa: Bolelele ba maqhubu a leseli (λ)
Tharollo:
2. Leseli le le leng le nang le bolelele ba leqhubu ba 2.5×10 -7 m le otla lera le nang le dikgeo tse 10,000/cm. Fumana maemo a angular a mola o kganyang wa tatellano ya bobedi.
Tse tsejoang:
Sebaka se pakeng tsa di-slits (d) = 1 / (di-slits tse 10,000 / cm) = 0.0001 cm = 1 x 10 -4 cm = 1 x 10 -6 m
Tatelano (n) = 2
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 2.5 x 10 -7 m
Ho batloa: Angle (θ)
Tharollo:
3. Leseli le le leng le nang le bolelele ba limithara tse 5.10 -7 le otla grating. Sebaka se pakeng tsa sekoti le skrine ea ho shebella ke limithara tse 2, sebaka se pakeng tsa sekoti sa tatellano ea boraro le sekoti se bohareng ke lisenthimithara tse 150. Fumana sebaka se pakeng tsa likoti.
Tse tsejoang:
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 5 x 10 -7 m
l = 2 m
n = 3
y = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Ho batloa: sebaka se pakeng tsa likheo
Tharollo:
sebe θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 = 75 x 10 -2
Sebaka se pakeng tsa likoti:
d sin θ = n λ
d (75.10 -2 ) = (3)(5.10 -7 )
d (75.10 -2 ) = 15.10 -7
d = (15.10 -7 ) / (75.10 -2 )
d = (15/75).10 -5
d = (1/5)(10 -5 ) m
d = (0.2)(10 -5 ) m
d = 2.10 -6 m
4. Leseli le le leng le nang le bolelele ba leqhubu ba 500 nm (1 nano = 10 -9 ) le otla grating mme le hlahisa mola o khanyang wa tatellano ya bone ka sekhutlo sa 30°. Fumana palo ya dikgeo ka sentimetara.
Tse tsejoang:
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 4
Ho batloa: palo ea likheo ka sentimetara
Tharollo:
Sebaka se pakeng tsa likoti:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sebe 30 o ) = (4)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 20.10 -7
d = (20.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 40.10 -7
d = 4.10 -6 m
Palo ea likheo ka sentimetara:
x = 1 / 4.10 -6 m
x = 0.25.10 6 / m
x = 0.25.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.25.10 4 / cm
x = 25.10 2 / cm
x = 2500 / cm
5. Leseli le le leng le nang le bolelele ba leqhubu ba 500 nm (1 nm = 10 -9 m) le otla lera mme le hlahisa mola o khanyang wa tatellano ya bobedi ka sekhutlo sa 30°. Fumana palo ya dikgeo ka sentimetara.
Tse tsejoang:
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 2
Ho batloa: palo ea likheo ka sentimetara
Tharollo:
Sebaka se pakeng tsa likoti:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sebe 30 o ) = (2)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 10.10 -7
d = (10.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 20.10 -7
d = 2.10 -6 m
Palo ea likheo ka sentimetara:
x = 1 / ka letsatsi
x = 1 / 2.10 -6 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 1 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.5.10 4 / cm
x = 5.10 3 / cm
x = 5000 / cm
Lipotso le likarabo tse 20 tse akaretsang mabapi le grating ea diffraction:
1. Potso: Sekoti sa diffraction ke eng?
Karabo: Sekerete sa diffraction ke karolo ya optical e nang le sebopeho sa nako le nako, e arolang le ho hasanya lesedi mahlaseding a mmalwa a tsamayang ka ditsela tse fapaneng.
2. Potso: Grating ea diffraction e fapana joang le sekheo se habeli?
Karabo: Leha ka bobedi di baka ho falla, grating e na le dikgeo tse ngata (kapa mela) ka bolelele ba yuniti, e leng se hlahisang mahlasedi a fallang haholo le karohano e hlakileng ya display.
3. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha libaka tse pakeng tsa mela ea grating li le bohlokoa?
Karabo: Mekhahlelo e khetholla dikhutlo tseo maqhubu a fapaneng a lesedi a kgeloswang ho tsona, ka hona e ama qeto le ho hlaka ha sekgahla se hlahiswang.
4. Potso: Sekhutlo sa diffraction se amana jwang le bolelele ba leqhubu la lesedi?
Karabo: Kamano e fanoa ke equation ea grating: ��=�sin� , moo e leng tatellano ea diffraction, ke bolelele ba leqhubu, ke sebaka sa grating, 'me ke sekhutlo sa diffraction.
6. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha mebala/bolelele ba maqhubu a fapaneng bo fapana ka likhutlo tse fapaneng?
Karabo: Hobane sekhutlo sa diffraction ( ) se lekana ka ho toba le bolelele ba leqhubu ( ), bolelele ba leqhubu bo bolelele (joalo ka bofubelu) bo fapana ho feta bo bokhutšoanyane (joalo ka boputsoa).
7. Potso: Ho eketsa palo ea likheo (kapa mela) ka har'a grating ea diffraction ho ama paterone joang?
Karabo: Ho eketsa palo ea likheo ho ntlafatsa maxima ea diffraction, ho ntlafatsa qeto ea spectrum.
8. Potso: Ho boleloa eng ka matla a ho rarolla a grating?
Karabo: Matla a ho rarolla ke bokhoni ba grating ba ho khetholla pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli a haufi-ufi. E eketseha ka mela e mengata le litaelo tse phahameng tsa diffraction.
9. Potso: Na di-grating tsa diffraction di ka sebediswa le mefuta e meng ya maqhubu ntle le lesedi?
Karabo: E, li ka sebelisoa le ketsahalo efe kapa efe ea maqhubu, ho kenyeletsoa maqhubu a molumo le mahlaseli a X.
10. Potso: Sekerete sa phetiso se fapane jwang le sekerete sa pontsho?
Karabo: Ka hara grating ya phetiso, lesedi le feta ka hara thepa ya grating, athe ka hara grating ya reflection, lesedi le bonahatswa hodima grating.
11. Potso: Li-grating tse besitsoeng ke eng?
Karabo: Li-grating tse besitsoeng ke li-grating tse bonahatsang moo li-groove li sekametseng (kapa li besitsoeng) ho lebisa boholo ba matla ka tatellano e itseng ea diffraction, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni.
12. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha bongata ba mokoti oa grating (mela ka mm) bo le bohlokoa?
Karabo: Bongata ba mokoti bo khetholla ho hasana le qeto ea grating. Bongata ba mokoti bo phahameng hangata bo lebisa ho liqeto tse phahameng.
13. Potso: Grating e hlahisa sephara joang?
Karabo: Ha leseli le lesoeu le kopana le grating, bolelele ba leqhubu ka leng bo fapoha ka sekhutlo se ikgethang, bo a ala sebakeng ho hlahisa spectrum.
14. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha lihlopha tse phahameng tsa diffraction li ka kopana?
Karabo: Bakeng sa maqhubu a fapaneng a bolelele ba dikhutlo, ditaelo tse phahameng di ka kgutliswa dikhutlong tse tsamaellanang le ditaelo tse tlase tsa maqhubu a mang a bolelele ba dikhutlo, e leng se bakang di-spectra tse kopanang.
15. Potso: Na grating e ka sebediswa ho ithuta maqhubu a sa bonahaleng?
Karabo: E, li-grating li ka etsoa bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa spectrum ea electromagnetic, ho kenyeletsoa le ultraviolet le infrared.
16. Potso: Thepa ea grating e bapala karolo efe mefuteng ea diffraction?
Karabo: Thepa ea thepa e ka ama katleho ea litaelo tse fapaneng tsa diffraction 'me ea fumana hore na bolelele ba maqhubu a leqhubu bo ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa eng.
17. Potso: Grating ea holographic diffraction e hlahisoa joang?
Karabo: Li-grating tsa holographic li etsoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho sitisa e tsoang khanyeng ea laser, ho e-na le ho laola li-grooves ka mechine, e leng se fellang ka khanya e fokolang e sa laoleheng le li-spectra tse hloekileng haholo.
18. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha boholo ba taelo ea lefela hangata bo khanya haholo?
Karabo: Palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea tatellano ea lefela e tsamaellana le khanya e sa aroloang. Kaha ha e hasane haholo joalo ka li-diffract, matla a eona hangata a phahame.
19. Potso: Na di-grating di ka sebetsa le lesedi le nang le polarized?
Karabo: E, bokgoni ba diffraction le paterone di ka fapana ho latela boemo ba polarization ba lesedi la ketsahalo.
20. Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha li-grating li na le melemo ho feta li-prism bakeng sa spectroscopy?
Karabo: Li-grating li ka fana ka qeto e betere, ho hasana ha maqhubu a maqhubu ka tsela e otlolohileng haholoanyane, 'me hangata li sebetsa hantle haholo ho hasanyeng leseli ho pholletsa le spectrum ha li bapisoa le li-prism.
Di-grating tsa diffraction di bohlokwa dipatlisisong le ditshebedisong tsa optical, haholoholo ho spectroscopy, e leng se dumellang thuto e batsi ya dikarolo tsa spectral tsa lesedi.
