Dielectric ke insulator e arolang lipoleiti kapa maqephe a mabeli a conductor ho capacitor. Li-insulator ke thepa e ke keng ea tsamaisa motlakase, mohlala, polasetiki, khalase, pampiri, kapa lehong. Mosebetsi oa dielectric ke ho eketsa capacitance e le hore capacitor e ka boloka tjhaja e ngata ea motlakase le matla a motlakase.
A bokgoni e ka sebetsa haeba lipoleiti tsa motlakase ka bobeli li sa amane e le hore tjhaja ea motlakase e se ke ea tloha ho mokhanni e mong ho ea ho e mong. Ka ho tšoanang, e le hore tjhaja ea motlakase e se ke ea tloha ho mokhanni ho ea moeeng, sebaka se pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli e lokela ho ba vacuum. Sehloohong se buang ka poleiti e bapileng, capacitor e tšohliloe ka capacitance ea li-capacitor tsa poleiti e bapileng tse arotsoeng ke vacuum. Capacitance ea capacitor ka vacuum e na le meeli e le hore ho holisa capacitance, beha dielectric pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli.
Dielectric e eketsa capacitance hobane bokgoni ba motlakase pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tsa conductor boa fokotseha
Ke hobane'ng ha capacitance ea capacitor e eketseha ka mor'a hore dielectric e behoe pakeng tsa lipoleiti kapa maqephe a mabeli? Ho fumana karabo ea potso ena, pele, hopola thuto mabapi le tjhaja ea motlakase. Joalo ka ha litjhaja tsa motlakase lia hanyetsana, ha ho fapana le litjhaja tsa motlakase li hohelana. Mohlala, tjhaja e ntle e hohela tjhaja e mpe empa e leleka tjhaja e ntle. Joale ke hobane'ng ha polasetiki e tjhajang hampe e ka hohela likotoana tse nyane tsa pampiri tse sa tjhajang ka motlakase? Sena se etsahala hobane pampiri e na le polarization ea tjhaja.
Lielektrone tse ka har'a thepa e sireletsang mocheso joalo ka pampiri li ke ke tsa tsamaea ka bolokolohi joalo ka lielektrone tse ka har'a thepa ea conductor. Kahoo, ha polasetiki e nang le chaji e mpe e tlisoa haufi le pampiri, lielektrone tse tlamiloeng ho athomo lia lahloa hole le polasetiki e nang le chaji e mpe. E le hore ho be le karohano ea tjhaja e mpe le tjhaja e ntle pampiring. Tjhaja e mpe pampiring e hole le polasetiki, ha tjhaja e ntle pampiring e na le sebaka se haufi le polasetiki. Ebe, tjhaja e mpe polasetiking e hula tjhaja e ntle pampiring ho fihlela pampiri e atamela polasetiki.
Ts'ebetso ea polarization ea tjhaja e hlahang lipampiring e ts'oana le polarization ea tjhaja e hlahang ka har'a dielectric. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, mohlala, qalong, ho ne ho e-na le likotoana tse peli feela tsa li-conductor tse tjhajang ka motlakase. Poleiti e ka letsohong le letšehali e tjhaja ka nepo ha poleiti e ka letsohong le letona e tjhaja ka mokhoa o fosahetseng e le hore tataiso ea tšimo ea motlakase e be ho tloha ka letsohong le letšehali ho ea ho le letona.
Ka mora hore dielektri e bewe pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tsa conductor, tjhaja e ntle poleiting e letshehadi e hula dielektrine tse hodima bokahodimo ba dielektrike bo haufi. Hape, tjhaja e mpe poleiting e letona e leleka dielektrine tse hodima bokahodimo ba dielektrike bo haufi. Dielektrine tse ka hara dielektrike, e leng insulator, ha di lokolohe ho tsamaya jwalo ka dielektrine tse ka hara conductor. Ka hona, dielektrine di dula di tlamehile ho athomo, empa ho na le polarization ya dielektrine tse tjhajilweng hampe le diprothone tse tjhajilwe hantle, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong.
Boteng ba tjhaja e ntle ka lehlakoreng le letona la diathomo tsa dielectric le tjhaja e mpe ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la diathomo tsa dielectric bo hlahisa tshimo ya motlakase. E leng ho tloha ho le letona ho ya ho le letshehadi, e leng se fokodisang tshimo ya motlakase e hlahiswang ke tjhaja ya motlakase poleiting ya conductor, e leng ho tloha ho le letshehadi ho ya ho le letona. Kahoo, tshimo ya motlakase e fokotseha eseng hobane tjhaja ya motlakase dipoleiting/maqepheng a mabedi a conductor e fokotseha, empa hobane tshimo ya motlakase e hlaha ka hara dielectric ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng. Haeba dielectric e lokollwa, matla a tshimo ya motlakase a hlahiswang ke tjhaja ya motlakase dipoleiting tse pedi kapa maqepheng a conductor a kgutlela setlwaeding.
If
Matla a tšimo ea motlakase a hlahisoang ke tjhaja ea motlakase lipoleiting ka bobeli tsa conductor a fokotsehile, matla a motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor le 'ona a fokotsehile. Hobane tšimo ea motlakase e lekana ka ho toba le matla a motlakase joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ho equation E = V / d, moo E = tšimo ea motlakase, V = matla a motlakase le d = sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli. Haeba pele ho na le matla a motlakase ho dielectric ke Vo joale kamora dielectric, matla a motlakase a fokotseha ho V ka ntlha K.
Ho ya ka dipalo, Vo = KV kapa V = Vo / K kapa K = Vo / V, moo K = kamehla ya dielectric. Vo> V hoo K> 1.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore tjhelete ya tjhaja ya motlakase dipoleiting kapa maqepheng a di-conductor ha e fetohe e le hore tjhelete ya tjhaja ya ho qetela e lekane le tjhelete ya tjhaja ya pele (Q = Qo). Phetoho ya capacitance ya capacitor e balwa ka tsela e latelang:
C = capacitance ea ho qetela, Co = capacitance ea pele, Q = tefiso ea ho qetela, Qo = tefiso ea pele, V = bokhoni ba ho qetela, Vo = bokhoni ba pele, K = kamehla ea dielectric
Ho latela equation e kaholimo, ho fihletsoe qeto ea hore capacitance ea pele (Co) e nyane ha capacitance ea ho qetela (C) e le kholoanyane. Capacitance e eketseha ka ntlha ea K, moo K e leng dielectric constant. Boleng ba dielectric constant ea thepa e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e sireletsang mocheso boa fapana. Dielectric constant (K) ke sephetho sa karolelano ea capacitance ea capacitor ha ho sebelisoa dielectric, ho capacitance ea capacitor ha ho sa sebelisoe dielectric.
Capacitance ea dielectric ea eketseha hobane sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor sea fokotseha
Mosebetsi o mong oa dielectric ke ho fokotsa sebaka (d) pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor. E le hore tšimo ea motlakase (E) le motlakase (V) pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli kapa maqephe a conductor li eketsehe, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ke equation E = V / d. Haeba tšimo ea motlakase le motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti kapa maqephe a mabeli li eketseha, joale bokhoni ba capacitor boa eketseha.
Haeba li-capacitor tse amehang li lekana, bokhoni bo baloa ho sebelisoa foromo e latelang:
Ho latela mekhoa e 'meli e ka holimo, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore capacitance (C) ea li-capacitor tsa poleiti tse tsamaeang ka tsela e tšoanang e ka atolosoa ka ho fokotsa sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli kapa maqephe a conductor (d).
Capacitance ea dielectric ea eketseha hobane capacitance ea capacitor ea eketseha
Dielectric e entsoe ka thepa e sireletsang mocheso eo, haeba e le tšimong e matla ea motlakase, e tla senyeha. Tšenyo ea Dielectric e etsahala ha tšimo ea motlakase e le matla hoo e ka tsamaisang lielektrone ho tloha athomong, ebe lielektrone li otla lielektrone liathomong tse ling e le hore phallo ea lielektrone tse ka har'a dielectric e etsahale. Ka mantsoe a mang, tšenyo ea dielectric e etsa hore dielectric e leng insulator ea motlakase e fetohe conductor ea motlakase.
Ho qoba tšenyo, dielectric e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e entsoeng ka thepa e itseng e sireletsang mocheso e na le boleng bo phahameng ba tšimo ea motlakase bo ka tšoaroang, bo bitsoang matla a dielectric. Matla a dielectric a thepa e sireletsang mocheso a maholo ho feta matla a dielectric a moea 'me thepa e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e sireletsang mocheso e na le matla a dielectric a fapaneng, tse ling li nyane 'me tse ling li kholo. Kahoo haeba ho sebelisoa dielectric e nang le matla a dielectric a maholo, tšimo ea motlakase e ka tšoaroang e kholo 'me motlakase o ka tšoaroang le oona o moholo. Haeba tšimo ea motlakase le motlakase o hlahisoang ke lipoleiti kapa maqephe a mabeli a conductor li le kholo, tekanyo ea motlakase e ka amoheloang ke poleiti ea conductor e kholo. Ha tefiso e le ngata ka hare ho poleiti ea conductor, capacitance ea capacitor e ba kholo.
