Tlhaloso ea Sehlooho sa mocheso Tekanyo ea mocheso ea mechine Tekanyo ea mocheso
1. Tlhaloso ea mocheso
Haeba lintho tse nang le phapang ea mocheso li ama tse ling, ho tla ba le phetisetso ea mocheso ho tloha linthong tse mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse mocheso o tlase. Phetisetso ea mocheso e emisa ka mor'a ho ama lintho e fihla mochesong o tšoanang. Mohlala, haeba re kopanya metsi a chesang le metsi a batang, mocheso hangata o tloha metsing a chesang ho ea metsing a batang. Ha re kenya tšepe e chesang metsing a batang, mocheso o tloha tšepeng ho ea ho metsi. Mocheso o tla khaotsa ho phalla ka mor'a hore tšepe le metsi li fihle mochesong o tšoanang. Ha mooki a hokela thermometer 'meleng oa hau, mocheso o tloha ho
'mele oa hao o ea ho thermometer. Phetisetso ea mocheso e emisa hang ha 'mele oa hao le thermometer li fihlile mochesong o tšoanang. Haeba thermometer e sebelisoang e le thermometer ea mercury, ha 'mele oa hao le thermometer li fihla mochesong o tšoanang, bokaholimo ba mercury bo khaotsa ho sisinyeha. Palo e bontšitsoeng holim'a mercury ke mocheso oa 'mele oa hao ka nako eo.
Ka tlhaho, mocheso o tloha linthong tse mocheso o phahameng ho ea ho
Lintho tse nang le mocheso o tlase. Phetiso ea mocheso e atisa ho leka-lekanya mocheso oa lintho tse amang. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo, litsebi tsa fisiks li ne li belaela hore phallo ea mocheso ke motsamao oa mokelikeli, mofuta oa mokelikeli o neng o sa bonahale (mokelikeli ke ntho e ka phallang. Mokelikeli o kenyelletsa lintho tse metsi le tse nang le khase. Metsi (mokelikeli) a kenyelletsa mokelikeli hobane a ka phalla. Moea o boetse o kenyelletsa mokelikeli hobane o ka phalla). Mokelikeli o bitsoa caloric. Khopolo-taba ea lik'hilojule ha e sa sebelisoa hobane ho latela liphetho tsa teko, boteng ba lik'hilojule tsena bo ke ke ba pakoa. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, setsebi sa fisiks sa Lenyesemane se bitsoang James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) se ile sa ithuta ho futhumatsa metsi ka setshelong se sebelisa lebili le sisinyang.
Ho latela liphetho tsa teko, Joule o entse papiso le metsi a futhumetseng a sebelisa mollo. Ha lelakabe le setshelo se nang le metsi li kopana, mocheso o tloha mollong (mocheso o phahameng) ho ea metsing (mocheso o tlase). Kamora ho bapisa mocheso o nyolohang oa metsi ka lebaka la ho kopana le mollo le mocheso o phahameng oa metsi ka lebaka la mosebetsi o entsoeng ke moferefere, Joule o ile a etsa qeto ea hore mocheso ke matla a tlohang nthong e nang le mocheso o phahameng ho ea nthong e nang le mocheso o tlase. Mocheso ha se matla (mocheso ha se mofuta o itseng oa matla, joalo ka matla a kinetic, matla a ka bang teng, matla a lik'hemik'hale, jj.). Mocheso ke matla a tsamaeang ka lebaka la liphapang tsa mocheso. Kahoo, ha mocheso o phalla ho tloha linthong tse nang le mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse nang le mocheso o tlase, matla a tsamaea ho tloha linthong tse nang le mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse nang le mocheso o tlase. Phetisetso ea matla e emisa ka mor'a hore lintho li fihle mochesong o tšoanang.
2. Yuniti ea mocheso le e lekanang le mocheso oa mechini
Diyuniti tsa mocheso ke dikhalori (tse kgutsufaditsweng e le dikhalori). Dikhalori ke bongata ba mocheso o hlokahalang ho phahamisa mocheso wa gram e le 1 ya metsi ka 1 C.o (ka nepo, ho tloha ho 14.5 oC ho 15.5 oC). Bongata ba mocheso o hlokahalang bo fapana bakeng sa mocheso o fapaneng oa metsi. Bakeng sa mocheso o tšoanang, keketseho ea mocheso oa metsi ea 1 Co e etsahala feela pakeng tsa mocheso oa 14.5 oC ho 15.5 oC. Hangata ho sebelisoa diyuniti tsa mocheso, haholo-holo ho bolela hore boleng ba matla a lijo ke kilocalories (kcal). 1 kcal = 1000 calories. Mabitso a mang a tsoang ho 1 kcal = 1 Calorie (tlhaku e kholo ea K). Yuniti ea mocheso bakeng sa sistimi ea Brithani ke Btu (yuniti ea mocheso ea Brithani). 1 Btu = bongata ba mocheso bo hlokahalang ho phahamisa mocheso oa ponto e le 'ngoe (0.45 kg) ea metsi ka 1 Fo (Hantle ho tloha ho 63 oF ho isa ho 64 oF).
Mocheso o amana le matla, kahoo re hloka ho tseba kamano pakeng tsa diyuniti tsa mocheso le diyuniti tsa matla. Ho latela diteko tse entsweng ke Joule le bo-rasaense ba bang, ho a tsebahala hore mosebetsi wa di-Joule tse 4.186 o lekana le khalori e le nngwe ya mocheso.
Khalori e le 'ngoe = 4.186 Joule
1 kcal = 1000 khalori = 4186 Joule
1 Btu = 778 ft (0.24 km). lb = 252 calories = 1055 Joules
(Khalori e le 1 = 4.186 Joule le 1 kcal = 4186 e bitsoang e lekanang le mocheso oa mechini)
3. Tekanyo ea mocheso
Haeba lintho tse nang le phapang ea mocheso li ama e mong le e mong, ka tlhaho, mocheso o tloha linthong tse nang le mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse nang le mocheso o tlase. Phetisetso ea mocheso e emisa ka mor'a hore lintho ka bobeli li be boemong ba ho leka-lekana ha mocheso. Phetisetso ea mocheso e baka liphetoho mochesong oa lintho tse amang e mong le e mong. Ho latela tlhaloso ena e khutšoanyane, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore mocheso (Q) o na le kamano le ntho le liphetoho mochesong (ΔT) oa ntho, boima ba ntho (m) le mofuta oa ntho.
Kamano pakeng tsa mocheso (Q) le phetoho ea mocheso (ΔT)
Ha mocheso o le mongata, mocheso o fetoha haholo. Ho ka fihlellwa qeto ya hore bongata ba mocheso (Q) bo lekana le phetoho mochesong wa ntho.
Q α ΔT —– Papiso 1
Kamano pakeng tsa mocheso (Q) le boima ba lintho (m)
Bongata ba mocheso (Q) bo lekana le phetoho mochesong oa ntho. Ha metsi a le mangata, ho hlokahala mocheso o mongata ho eketsa mocheso oa metsi.
Q α m —– Papiso 2
Kamano pakeng tsa mocheso (Q) le mofuta oa ntho (c)
Mocheso o hlokahalang ho phahamisa mocheso oa ntho o lekana le mofuta oa ntho.
Q α c —– Papiso 3
Lipapiso tse tharo tse ka holimo li kopantsoe hammoho ho etsa equation:
Q α mc ΔT
Q = mc ΔT
Ena ke equation ea mocheso.
Tlhaloso: Q = mocheso (Joule), m = boima ba ntho (kg), c = mocheso o itseng (J / kg C o kapa K)
